enlarging the paffages. It is moft conveniently made up into the forms of electuary and bolus, with proper conferves, and things of the like kind: and in fuch forms, if it be fkilfully mixed, it gives them an agreeable smoothness, and is not difcoverable by the patient. In liquids it is not to be mixed, unlefs in linctus's and eclegma's, where it does well enough, being well triturated with loaf fugar. For external purpofes it readily diffolves in oils, and for internal ones may be united with aqueous liquors into the form of an emulfion, by the mediation of blanched almonds, or the yolk of an egg. Sugar does not render it perfectly mifcible with water; and alcalies, which change other oils and fats into foap, have little effect upon fpermaceti. This animal drug ought to be kept very closely from the air, otherwise its white colour focn changes into a yellow; its mild, unctuous taste, into a rancid and offenfive one. After it has fuffered this difagreeable alteration, both the colour and quality may be recovered again, by fleeping it in alcaline liquors, or boiling it in a fufficient quantity of fpirits of wine. As it readily diffolves in oils and fatty fubftances, it makes fine liniments, and the like, for external applications. Diffolved in fweet oil, with a little white wax, and a little of the root of alkanet fimmered up with them, makes a fine and beautiful linament for the lips, nipples, and other excoriations. It is emoillent and healing, outwardly ufed; but its greatest ufe that way is in the fmall pox melted with oil of almonds with this the puftules are just kept moift when they begin to harden, and it wonderfully prevents thofe fcars they are apt to leave, by foftening and healing them up fmooth. Although this is but a modern practice in this diffemper, yet Schroder takes notice of its ufe in his time, in fmoothing and filling up the fiffures or cavities made by blotches and fcabs. : Thus I have given a full and compleat account of fpermaceti, both as to its natural hiftory, and the many virtues it is endued with, and happy would it be, were we as well acquainted with thofe of moft other drugs belonging to our redundant Materia Medica. Algarotti's Objervations. HE money which we fpend on fnuff expended on bufts and ftatues; and inftead of a firework, by which we celebrate victory, they erected a triumphal arch. It is partly to the indigence of their language that the French owe the great number of their bon mots. In England, the ftandard of the language is the tranflation of the Bible; in Italy, it is the Decamerone di Boccacio. It has been faid that a nation of fages would be the most foolish nation in the world; as an army entirely confifting of captains would be a very indifferent army, Whoever knows not to live by himself, fhall die in a crowd. There are many men who are thought to have been great men, because they appeared in a time when others were little men. Many owe their reputation of learning to the ignorance of their age, to the character of wit then in fashion, to the weakness of their antagonists, and to other favourable circumftances. Among the number of those who would have been great in all ages, we may juftly place Homer, Hippocrates, Epaminondas, Philip of Macedon, Ariftotle, Archimedes, Scipio, Virgil, Horace, Julius Cæfar Haunibal, Manco Capac, Confucius, Mahomet II. Koulican, Cervantes, Cortes, Lainez, Kepler, Copernicus, Bacon, Cromwell, Newton, Marlborough, Moliere, Fontenelle, Turenne, the great Conde, Fra Paole, Galilei, Machiavel, Montecuculi, Caftruccio, Il Dante, and Columbus. And if to those who are dead, we join fome that are ftill alive, we muft certainly place Emo, (a procurator of St. Mark's at Venice.) Anfon, Voltaire, and Federic, in that rank. Several of these perfonages we are tempted to afk, Friend, how have you entered here? That Socrates, Xenophon, Phocion, Boerhaave, Penn, Montefquieu, and fome others make none of the number, we are lefs furprised; probably they were not ambitious of the company of Cort.s, and of Koulican. Foreigners are more just to a man's J. COOK. talents than his own countrymen; he lives lives not under their eyes; they have no perfonal concerns with him; exempt of envy, they ferve him for a pofterity. Cimon loved; and love made him ingenious. Sometimes a man becomes polite as foon as he meets a woman, who prompts him to reveal the fecrets of his heart. A proud and rich man is certainly an ideot; a proud and poor man is generally a man of fenfe. The northern ladies are like their aurora boreales, they fhine without heating. Many honeft people are like the inhabitants of Hindotton, who are so tender hearted as to fcruple to make capons; and every day they make eunuchs. The Italians have conquered the world by the power of arms, enlightened it with fciences, polished it by the polite art, and governed it by their fenfe. It is true, at prefent they act no very confpicuous part; but it is very natural, that he who has laboured hard fhould reft himself; and that he who has rifen very early before others fhould take a nap during the day. Alexander was unwilling to confefs, that he owed the conqueft of Afia to the foldiers formed by Philip his father. Plato fays not a word of Xenophon, who had been the chief ornament of the school of Socrates. Xenophon himfelf makes not the least mention of Plato. Ariftotle, as it has been remarked by queen Chriftina, never names either his mafter or his difciple. Julius Caefar gives to the younger Craffus almost all the honour of the victory, which he gained over Ariovistus. It is good to be a Frenchman at the table, and an Englishman in the cabi concupiveris, certe habebis. Such is the language held after the death of Julius Cæfar, by Mark Anthony, to a man of confequence whom he endeavoured to gain over to his party. Grand as the language appears, or actually is, it exceeds all the bounds of moderation, and by no means becomes man. A moderate difcourfe, full of grandeur and gravity, and well becoming an affembly of great men, is that which Salluft afcribes to the Roman people, fpeaking to king Bocchus: Regi Beccho, quoniam delicii poenitet fui, populus Romanus venian dat; fœdus & amicitia debuntur cum meruerit. Anthony we apprehend fpoke the language of his paffions, of ambition, hope, and hyperbolical; the Roman people, that of fenfe repofing from its purfuit, and therefore moderate and calm. The empire of genius is, above all others, liable to feditions, as the metropolis of the common wealth of letters. Hiftorical Account and Genealogical Defcent of the Cromwell Family. AMONG the feveral fudies gage the attention of mankind, perhaps there are none more pleasing in the pursuit, or more beneficial in its confequences, than that of Biography. Arts and fciences may, no doubt, be purfued with great avidity, and difcoveries of general utility to mankind be obtained; but a particular relifh of fuch fpeculations can only be enjoyed by thofe of correfpondent difpofitions with the profeffors of other fciences; whereas Biography is capable of communicating its pleafing and improving influences in a more extenfive degree, while it is efteemed and admired, not only by thofe of an exalted genius, but by others of a more limited underitanding. However, it is not the life of a particular perfon that is the fubject of the following lines, but an hiftorical account, and genealogical defcent, of the CROMWELL family, that I now prefent you for the entertainment of your readers. A genealogy is ftill extant, which appears to have been extracted from the Welch chronicles, about the year 1602, to fhew the defcent of Sir Henry Cromwell, then living. This Genealogy commences commences in the perfon of Glethyan, fifth lord of Powes, who married Morpeth, daughter and heiress of Edwyn ap Tydwall, lord of Cardigan, who was lineally defcended from Cavedig, of whom the county of Cardigan took the name of Cavedigion. His fon, Gwaith Voyd, was lord of Cardigan, Powes, Gwayte, and Gwaynefaye. He was wounded in battle againit Avisa, a Scythian infidel, in defending the temple of St. David's, and died, according to the Welch chronicles, about the Norman conquest, anno 1066, and was buried at FountainGate, in the parish of Cavan. From Gwynftan ap Gwaith, who was. fecond fon of the above Gwaith Voyd, and inherited the lordfhip of Powes, was lineally defcended, through about thirteen generations, and in about four hundered and forty years, Morgan Williams, who, in the reign of King Henry VIII, married the fifter of Thomas Cromwell, ear! of Effex, beheaded 1540. Morgan Williams had a fon named Richard, who refided at Hinchin-brook in Huntingdonshire. He was knighted by Heary VIII. not by the name of Williams, but Cromwell, after his uncle, whofe heir he became. He was high theriff for Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire in the reign of the above king, with whom he was in great favour; was a commander in the wars, and had grants of abbey lands in Huntingdonshire, to the amount of three thousand pounds per annum, This Sir Richard Cromwell married Frances, daughter to Sir Thomas Murfyn, lord mayor of London in 1518, a native of Ely in Cambridgeshire. His fon, Henry Cromwell, of Hinchinbrooke, was knighted by Queen Elizabeth in 1563. He married Joan, the daughter of Sir Ralph Warren, knight, twice lordmayor of London, viz. in 1536 and 1543. This Sir Henry Cromwell had fix fons and four daughters: of the daughters, Joan married Sir Francis This Sir Richard Cromwell, at a folemn triumph held at Weftminster, 1540, before Henry VIII. (and which was proclaimed in France, Spain, Scotland, and Flanders) overthrew two of the combatants, Mr. Palmer and Mr. Cafpey. Barrington, knight, 'created a baronet .in 1611, in whofe defcendants the title ftill remains. Elizabeth married John Hampden, Efq; of Hampden in Berks, father of John Hampden, Efq; one of the five members of parliament excepted against by King Charles I. and a colonel for the parliament, who was wounded at the fkirmish at Chalgrove-field in Oxfordfhire, June 18, and languished till the 24th of that month, 1643, when he died leaving iffue. Frances, third daughter, was the fecond wife of Richard Whalley, of Kirton in Nottinghamshire, father of Edward Whalley, Efq; a colonel in the parliament, one of the King's judges, commiffary-general in Scotland, one of Oliver's lords, and a majorgeneral. On the approach of the Retoration, he retired beyond fea, and lived and died abroad. Mary, the fourth and youngest daughter of Sir Henry Cromwel married William Dunch, Esq. Of the fons, Oliver, the eldeft, was knighted by Queen Elizabeth, about 1598, and inherited his father's eftate at Hinchinbrook. Sir Oliver married twice: firft, Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Thomas 'Bromley, lord chancellor of England in Queen Elizabeth's reign†, His fecond lady was Anne, widow of Sir Horatio Palavicini, of a noble Genoefe family. By one of there ladies he had one fon, Henry Cromwell, who married a daughter of Sir Thomas Wyan; but it does not appear he had any iffue. Robert Cromwell, Efq; fecond fon, fixed his refidence at Huntingdon, and was the father of the renowned Oliver Cromwell, of whom hereafter. Henry Cromwell, Elq; third fon, fettled at Upwood in Huntingdonshire. He left a daughter, Elizabeth, who be came the fecond wife of Oliver St. John, Efq; of Longthorpe, lord chief juftice of the Common Pleas, 1644. By her he had one fon, named Oliver, who married Elizabeth daughter of Hammond, of Kent, Ef; and one daughter, Elizabeth, married to Sir John Bernard, of Brampton in Huntingdon hire, Bart. by which lady he was father of Sir Ro + He died April 12, 1587, aged 27. bert bert Bernard, Bart, the grandfather of the prefent Sir Roberd Bernard, member for the city of Westminster. Richard Cromwell, Efq; fourth fon. Sir Philip Cromwell, fifth fon, knighted by King James I. left a fon, Thomas Cromwell, Efq; a major in the fervice of Charles I. who married Elizabeth, eldest daughter of Sir Wolftan Dixie, Bart. Ralph Cromwell, Efq; fixth fon. Sir Henry Cromwell, knight, their father, died in 1603, far advanced in years. But to return to Robert Cromwell, Efq; fecond fon' of Sir Henry. He fettled at Huntingdon, and married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Thomas Steward, and fifter of Sir Richard Steward, Knights. By this lady he had Oliver Cromwell, and four daughters; one married to Col. John Defborow, one of the generals at fea, alfo major-general of feveral counties in the weft. Another daughter married Roger Whetftone, Efq; an officer in the Parliament army; but he dying before Oliver's exaltation, the married fecondly Col. John Jones, a recruiter of the long parliament, governor of the ifle of Anglefea, and being one of the king's judges was, at the Reftoration, taken, and with others hanged, drawn, and quartered, at Charing Crofs, O&. 17, 1660. The third daughter married Valentine Walton, Efq; of Stoughton in Huntingdonfhire, afterwards a colonel in the parliament army, and alfo one of the king's judges; but, on the profpect of the Ref toration, he prudently retired to Flanders, where however he died in 1661. Robina, the youngest daughter, married first Dr. Peter French, canon of Chriftchurch, Oxford. He died June 17, 1655, leaving one daughter, named Elizabeth, who was married (by her father in-law, Dr. Wilkins) to the Rev. John Tillotson, (afterwards archbishop of Canterbury) on Feb. 23, 1664: by whom he had two daughters, who died before him. After the death of Dr. French, his widow married the afore named Dr. John Wilkins, who became bishop of Chefter in 1668, but left no iffue. Oliver Cromwell, the only fon of Robert Cromwell, Efq; was born in the parish of St. John, in Huntingdon, April 25, 1599, and the house in which he was born, or at least the spot on which it flood, is thew to this day. His education was that of a private gentleman, at Sidney-college, Cambridge. While there, and at about the the year 1618, he loft his father; and very foon after his mother sent him to Lincoln's-Inn to ftudy the law; but that not being fuitable to his dfpofition, and his maternal uncle, Sir Richard Steward dying about 1620, and leaving him an eftate of about five hundred pounds per anum, he thereupon immediately retired into the country. The after difplays of his genius and bravery, his great exploits, his elevation to the protectorate of the commonwealth of England in the year 1653, which he held to his death, are what every English hiftorian amply relates; therefore fhall confine this account to his family, and obferve, that in 1625 he married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir James Bouchier, of Felited in Effex. By this lady he had two fons and four daughters: the eldest daughter, Bridget, married firft Henry Ireton, Efq; lord deputy of Ireland. He died at Limerick Nov. 26, 1651. She foon after married Charles Fleetwood, Efq; more generally known by the name of Gen. Fleetwood, who was fon of Sir William Fleetwood, cup-bearer to the kings James I. and Charles I. By him the left no iffue, and died before her father. Elizabeth, fecond daughter of the protector, married John Claypole, Efq; of Norfolk. She alfo died before her father, Aug. 7, 1658, and his grief for her lofs is fuppofed to have haftened his own. His third daughter, Mary, became the second wife of Thomas Bellafyfe, lord vifcount Fauconberg, to whom he was married with great late at Hamptoncourt, Nov. 18, 1657; They both died in 1700, without illue male, neither does it appear they had any. Frances, the fourth daughter, married, firft, the hon. Robert Rich, Efq; grandfon to Robert, fecond earl of Warwick, Nov. 11, 1657; but he died on the 16th of February following. She then married Sir John Ruffel, Bart. of Chippennam in Cambridgeshire, ancestor to the prefent baronet, Sir John Ruffel. Of the fons, Richard Cromwell, Efq; was |