NOTES rounded by a cordon of timber, and Cushing actually drove his launch at full speed over this in order to reach the Albemarle's side. He received the thanks of Congress and was made lieutenant-commander as a reward for his heroism. Page 539. PARDON. John Wilkes Booth was a son of Junius Brutus Booth and was twenty-six years old at the time of the assassination. His success as an actor had never been notable. There is some dispute as to whether he was hit by the bullet which Boston Corbett fired at him, or whether he shot himself. At any rate, he was brought out of the barn in which he had been cornered with a bullet in the base of his brain, and with his body paralyzed. He died the following morning. Eight accomplices were arrested, tried by a military commission, and found guilty. Four, one a woman, were hanged, and the others, with one exception, sentenced to hard labor for life. Page 542. Treason is not dead. The charge and specification on which the conspirators were arraigned declared that they were "incited and encouraged" to the crime by Jefferson Davis, and a reward of one hundred thousand dollars was offered for his arrest. There was at no time any trustworthy evidence implicating Davis. Page 559. Pillow's ghastly stain. Fort Pillow, situated on the Mississippi River about forty miles above Memphis, was captured, April 12, 1864, by a large Confederate force under General N. B. Forrest. The garrison consisted of 295 white and 262 colored troops, of whom 221 were killed and 130 wounded. Most of the killed and wounded were negroes, many of whom were shot down after the fort had been captured. There is no evidence, however, that the massacre, if it can be called such, was premeditated, and General Forrest seems to have stopped it as promptly as he could. Page 559. "MR. JOHNSON'S POLICY OF RECONSTRUCTION.' The "policy" consisted of two papers, one a proclamation of amnesty granting a pardon for treason to all, with some exceptions, who should take an oath to support the Constitution and the Union and to obey all laws and proclamations which had been made with reference to the emancipation of the slaves; the second an executive order intrusting the state governments to the people who had taken this oath. That the plan did not succeed was due in no small part to the folly of the newly constituted legislatures in immediately proceeding to pass various restrictive laws aimed at the negro, the effect of which would be to deprive him, in large part, of his newly acquired freedom. Page 560. Crippled and halting from his birth. Stevens had a club foot, and was compelled to use a cane in walking. Page 563. THE BLUE AND THE GRAY. The poem grew out of an item which appeared in the New York Tribune," in 1867: "The women of Columbus, Mississippi, animated by nobler sentiments than many of their sisters, 679 have shown themselves impartial in their offerings made to the memory of the dead. They strewed flowers alike on the graves of the Confederate and of the National soldiers." The poem, prefaced by this item, was first published in the Atlantic Monthly " for September, 1867, and at once attracted wide attention. Page 565. How CYRUS LAID THE CABLE. Mr. Field had been working at this project since 1854. In 1858 he had succeeded in laying a cable across the ocean, and it was in operation from August 17 to September 4, when the signals became unintelligible and finally ceased altogether. The story of his perseverance and final success is an inspiring one. Page 565. O lonely bay of Trinity. The American end of the cable was landed at Trinity Bay, Newfoundland. Page 568. Small need to open the Washington main. Gould had persuaded President Grant that a rise in gold while the crops were moving would advantage the country, and early in September the treasury department was instructed to sell only gold sufficient to buy bonds for the sinking fund. Gould saw that the "Washington main" could not be kept closed indefinitely, however, and unloaded secretly, leaving his partner, "Jim" Fisk, to look out for himself. Fisk's broker, Speyers, continued to run up the price of gold, until his bid reached 1634, when the market broke, the price falling almost instantly to 133. Fisk saved himself by coolly repudiating his contracts. Page 580. DOWN THE LITTLE BIG HORN. Custer, who was thirty-seven years old at the time of his death, had served with great distinction through the Civil War. He was bitterly censured for accepting battle upon the Little Big Horn, and accused of disobedience of orders, but no basis for this accusation was ever clearly shown. Page 580. Just from the canyon emerging. Custer and the five companies with him advanced without hesitation into the jaws of death, for they were outnumbered twelve to one. They dismounted and planted themselves on two little hills a short distance apart. The Indians stampeded their horses, waited till their ammunition was exhausted, and then overwhelmed them. Page 580. Sitting Bull. Sitting Bull, who commanded the Indians, was a Sioux chief and was born about 1837. He was killed during the Sioux outbreak of December, 1890. Page 583. In ambush the Sitting Bull. There was no ambush. The battle was fought in the open, from high ground. Custer's surprise lay not in finding the Indians before him, but in finding them so fatally numerous. Page 584. The brave heart. Two days after the battle, a detachment of cavalry discovered the bodies of Custer and his five companies. Custer alone had not been mutilated. He had been shot in the left temple, and lay as though peacefully sleeping. Page 593. THE BROOKLYN BRIDGE. The bridge had been begun January 3, 1870, and was not wholly completed at the time of its opening in 1883. Its cost was about twenty million dollars. Page 615. Bocagrande. The main channel into Manila Bay south of Corregidor Island. It means, literally, "large mouth." Page 616. Montojo. Admiral Patricio Montojo Pasarou, commander of the Spanish naval forces in the Philippines. Page 616. Gridley. Charles Vernon Gridley (1845-1898), captain of Admiral Dewey's flagship, the Olympia. Page 626. EIGHT VOLUNTEERS. Besides Hobson, the volunteers were Osborn Deignan, a coxswain of the Merrimac ; George F. Phillips, a machinist of the Merrimac; John Kelly, a water-tender of the Merrimac; George Charette, a gunner's mate of the New York; Daniel Montagu, a seaman of the Brooklyn; J. C. Murphy, a coxswain of the Iowa; and Randolph Clausen, a coxswain of the New York. Page 628. Once more the Flower of Essex. SeeThe Lamentable Ballad of the Bloody Brook," page 82. Page 631. WHEELER AT SANTIAGO. "Fighting Joe" Wheeler was one of the most active and successful cavalry leaders of the Confeder acy. The death of General J. E. B. Stuart, in 1864, made him senior cavalry general of the Confederate armies. He served in Congress after the war, and volunteered for active service on the outbreak of the war with Spain. He was given command of a cavalry brigade, and his presence before Santiago was of inestimable value. Page 633. Near Nimanima's greening hill. The cove, six and a half miles from the entrance to Santiago harbor, where the Infanta Maria Teresa was beached. Juan Gonzales is seven miles and Aserradero fifteen miles from Santiago. Page 633. The Cape o' the Cross. Cape Cruz, at the southwestern extremity of Cuba. Page 641. Who on the third most famous of our Fourths. July 4, 1776, the Declaration of Independence adopted. July 4, 1863, announcement of the victory at Gettysburg. July 4, 1898, announcement of the victory at Santiago. Page 645. AGUINALDO. Emilio Aguinaldo was born in 1870, of Chinese and Tagalog parentage. He received a good education, became interested in military affairs, and was one of the leaders of the outbreak against Spanish authority in 1896. At the beginning of the Spanish-American war, Admiral Dewey sent for Aguinaldo, who arrived at Cavité a few days after the destruction of the Spanish fleet. He at once began the organization of the Filipino troops, and soon afterwards proclaimed himself dictator of the so-called Filipino Republic. He stoutly resisted the American occupation which followed the peace, but was captured in 1901, and finally took the oath of allegiance to the United States. Page 645. Strike at his mother and his child. Aguinaldo's family was captured by the United States troops and held prisoners until his submission. Page 645. When they read the sneering comments. The fact that no prisoners were taken at the fight at Dajo, and that many women and children were among the killed, caused much bitter comment. The poem gives the army's side of the controversy. Page 646. Before the living bronze SaintGaudens made. See "Bury Them," page 508, and "An Ode on the Unveiling of the Shaw Memorial," page 603. Page 650. The assassin's shot. The assassin was a young Pole named Leon Czolgosz, who proclaimed himself an anarchist. He was tried speedily, sentenced to electrocution, and executed October 28. Page 651. "Silent upon a peak in Darien." From Keats's sonnet, "On First Looking into Chapman's Homer." INDEX OF AUTHORS ALDRICH, THOMAS BAILEY [1836-1907]: Freder- Babcock, William Henry [1849- ]: Benning- Bailey, Lansing C.: Eight Volunteers, 626. Banker, William, Jr.: The Battle of Queenstown, Barlow, Joel [1754-1812]: The First American Bates, Charlotte Fiske. See Rogé. Beers, Mrs. Ethelinda [1827-1879]: The Picket- Bell, Maurice: The Alabama, 527. Bell, Walker Meriwether: Jefferson Davis, 545. Boker, George Henry (1823-1890]: Upon the Hill and the Chesapeake, 300. Boyle, Mrs. Virginia Fraser: Tennessee, 603. Brainard, John Gardiner Calkins [1796–1828]: On Bridges, Robert [1858- ]: A Toast to Our Na- Brooks, Charles Timothy [1813-1883]: A Plea for Brooks, Francis (1867-1898]: Down the Little Big Brown, Irene Fowler: The Rear Guard, 562. of Charlestown, 395; The Old Cove, 401; Sum- Bruce, Wallace [1844- ]: Parson Allen's Ride, Bruns, John Dickson: The Foe at the Gates, Bryant, William Cullen [1794-1878]: The Green Butterworth, Hezekiah (1837-1905]: The Thanks- Byron, George Gordon Noel [1788-1824]: Washing- Calvert, George Henry [1803-1889]: Bunker Hill, Campbell, William W. [1806-1881]: With Cortez Carleton, William [1845- ]: The Prize of the J: Mosby at Hamil- Chadwick, John White [1840-1904]: Mugford's Chambers, Robert William [1865- 1: The ]: San Francisco, |