and other matter. Sympathetic, vivid portrayals of part of English sailors in the war.

Lauriat, Charles Emelius, Jr. The Lusitania's Last Voyage, being a Narrative of the Torpedoing and Sinking of the R. M. S. Lusitania by a German Submarine off the Irish Coast, May 7, 1915. Boston, Houghton, 1915, p. vii, 159. $1. Includes personal narrative of survivor, supplementary explanatory details, reprint and translation of account in Frankfurter Zeitung of May 9th, and text of report of Lord Mersey's inquiry, with comments.

Mücke, Kapitänleutnant Hellmuth von. The Emden; translated by Helene S. White. Boston, Ritter, 1917, p. viii, 219. $1.25. The Ayesha, being the Adventure of the Landing Squad of the Emden, translated by Helene S. White. Boston, Ritter, 1917, p. vi, 225. $1.25. Account of last voyage and fight of German naval vessel in Indian Ocean, and of remarkable exploit of part of crew under Mücke's command.

Noyes, Alfred. Open Boats. New York, Stokes, 1917, p. 91. $.50. Based on narratives of those compelled to take refuge in open boats after their vessel has been sunk by submarine.

61. INTERNATIONAL LAW: NEUTRAL RIGHTS. Barclay, Sir Thomas. The Law and Usage of War, a Practical Handbook of the Law and Usage of Land and Naval Warfare and Prize. Boston, Houghton, 1914, p. xv, 245. $1.50. Material arranged alphabetically, forming a small cyclopedia of law of war.

Brewer, Daniel Chauncey. The Rights and Duties of Neutrals, a Discussion of Principles and Practices. Putnam, 1916, p. ix, 260. $1.25. Discusses questions of neutral rights which arose in first two years of war and argues that America must be prepared to safeguard its neutral rights. *Brown, Philip Marshall. International Realities. Scribner, 1917, p. xvi, 233. $1.40. Professor of International Law at Princeton discusses apparent breakdown of international law under strain of the war and seeks to determine what are realities in international intercourse. Technical problems are discussed in clear, readable style.

*Dampierre, Léon Michel Marie Jacques de, Marquis. German Imperialism and International Law, based upon German Authorities and the Archives of the French Government. Scribner, 1917, p. viii, 277. $3.50. Shows principles and teachings underlying German imperialism are directly opposed to those at basis of international law, and that Germany's acts in the war were inevitable outcome of German teachings. Carefully documented, especially from German sources.

Deportation of Women and Girls from Lille. Doran, 1917, p. 81. $.50. Translation of French note on subject, with abundant confirmatory evidence from both French and Ger

man sources.

Germany's Violation of the Laws of War, 1914-15; compiled under the Auspices of the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs; translated by J. O. P. Bland. Putnam, 1915. $2. Carefully compiled evidence, much from German sources; well translated.

**Grant, Arthur James, and others. An Introduction to the Study of International Relations. Macmillan, 1916, p. viii, 207. $.75. Co-operative work by British writers; furnishes outlines for study of more obvious problems of international relations; may be used in study classes with Krehbiel's Nationalism and Seton-Watson's War and Democracy. Apparently hastily prepared, but richly suggestive.

Hazeltine, Harold Dexter. The Law of the Air, Three

Lectures Delivered in the University of London at the Request of its Faculty. London, Hodder, 1911, p. 160. 5s. *Hershey, Amos Shartle. The Essentials of International Public Law. Macmillan, 1912, p. xlviii, 558. $3. Good, single volume manual, published shortly before the war. Will serve need of average reader who wishes to look up a topic. Has full bibliographies.

Higgins, Alexander Pearce. War and the Private Citizen, Studies in International Law. London, King, 1912, p. 216. 58. Defensively Armed Merchant Ships and Submarine Warfare. London, Stevens, 1917, p. 56. Two treatises on special topics of international law brought into prominence by the war.

How Diplomats Make War, by a British Statesman; with Introduction by Albert Jay Nock. Huebsch, 1915, p. xviii, 376. $1.50. Significant contribution to discussion of democratization of diplomacy.

*Phillipson, Coleman. International Law and the Great War, with an Introduction by Sir John MacDonell. Dutton, 1916, p. xxiv, 407. $6. Termination of War and Treaties of Peace. Dutton, 1916, p. xix, 486. $7. First is systematic effort to study causes and events of the war in light of the law of peace, law of war, and rights of neutrals. Written shortly after sinking of Lusitania. Will remain as collection of cases, rather than as authoritative text. Second is only scholarly monograph text in its field; thorough masterly study in anticipation of close of the war. Has as appendix twenty-six treaties, 1815-1913, concluding hostilities. Both works ignore German treatises on international law.

Piggott, Sir Francis Taylor. The Neutral Merchant in Relation to the Law of War and Blockade under the Order in Council of 11th March, 1915. London, University Press, 1915, p. 128. 2s. 6d. Perhaps best defense of British restrictions on neutral trade.

Pyke, Harold Reason. The Law of Contraband of War. Oxford Press, 1915, p. xl, 314. $4.15. Historical treatment; includes cases in present war up to time of going to press; important documents in appendix; bibliography.

Roxburgh, Ronald Francis. International Conventions and Third States. Longmans, 1917, p. xvi, 119. $2.50. Monograph on phase of international law never before specially investigated. Deals with construing international law with reference to municipal law.

*Satow, Sir Ernest Mason. Guide to Diplomatic Practice. Longmans, 1917, 2 vols., p. xxi, 407; xii, 405. $9. By experienced English diplomat. Wealth of information on diplomatic questions and procedure, particularly present day practice. Should be considered in discussing proposal to abolish secret diplomacy.

Smith, Sir Frederick Edwin. The Destruction of Merchant Ships under International Law. Dutton, 1917, p. 109. $1.75. British Attorney General gives brief readable discussion of practically whole question of status of both enemy and neutral shipping in war time. Based on Phillip

son.

Trehern, E. C. M. British and Colonial Prize Cases; Reports of Prize Cases Decided during the Present War in the Courts of Great Britain and Over-seas Dominions. London, Stevens, Part I, 1915, p. 135. 7s. 6d.

62. NATIONALITY AND ITS PROBLEMS. **Dominian, Leon. The frontiers of Language and Nationality in Europe. Holt, 1917, p. xviii, 375. $3. Discusses relations of language and geographical features to nationality and political frontiers, with application to the various

Grant, Madison. The Passing of the Great Race, or the Racial Basis of European History. Scribner, 1916, p. xxi, 245. $2. Much scientific and historical data marred by dogmatic insistence on views for which proofs cannot be adduced, concerning the Nordic peoples and their destiny. Recalls Houston S. Chamberlain's work.

Hannah, Ian Campbell. Arms and the Map, a Study of Nationalities and Frontiers. Shaw, 1915, p. viii, 261. $1.25. Attempts to give simple, clear, non-partisan view of the problems of nationality in Europe, due to difference between national areas and state boundaries.

Holdich, Sir Thomas Hungerford. Political Frontiers and Boundary Making. Macmillan, 1916, p. xii, 307. $3.25. The author is an eminent English geographer with wide experience on boundary commissions. Excellent on historical and geographical facts and interesting for personal experience, but questionable on political considerations, for he strongly favors strategical frontiers. Unfortunately without maps. *Krehbiel, Edward Benjamin. Nationalism, War, and Society, a Study of Nationalism and its Concomitant, War, in their Relations to Civilization, and of the Fundamentals and the Progress of the Opposition to War; with an Introduction by Norman Angell. Macmillan, 1916, p. xxxv, 276. $1.50. Carefully prepared syllabus of topical studies, with good selections of references for reading.

**Muir, Ramsay. Nationalism and Internationalism, the Culmination of Modern History. Boston, Houghton, 1917, p. 229. $1.25. Despite its faults the general reader will find this an illuminating survey of the development of nationalism and of internationalism as forces in European history, especially since 1815. Denounces the Central Powers as the last menace to national freedom and hostile to the international idea.

*Rose, John Holland. Nationality in Modern History. Macmillan, 1916, p. xi, 202. $1.25. Ten lectures by English historian on rise of present national states in Europe, especially in nineteenth century.

Tagore, Sir Rabindranath (Revindranahta Thakura). Nationalism. Macmillan, 1917, p. 159. $1.25. Essays on nationalism in the West, in Japan, and in India; disapproves nationalism. Chief interest for personal or Hindu point of view.

**Toynbee, Arnold Joseph. Nationality and the War. Dutton, 1915, p. x, 522. $2.50. The New Europe, Some Essays in Reconstruction, with an Introduction by the Earl of Cromer. Dutton, 1916, p. 85. $1. By competent English historian, surveying, with some detail, the several problems of nationality in Europe, the rise of nationality and its effects, and some suggestions of solutions for the problems. The second volume supplements the first, and its introduction by Lord Cromer is noteworthy.

*Zangwill, Israel. The Principle of Nationalities. Macmillan, 1917, p. 116. $.50. A lecture, scathingly criticising the work of Rose, Muir, and Toynbee. Perhaps the ablest analysis of nationality.

63. THE WAR AND DEMOCRACY.

Bryce, James Bryce, Viscount, and others. The War of Democracy, the Allies' Statement, Chapters on the Fundamental Significance of the Struggle for a New Europe. Garden City, N. Y., Doubleday, 1917, p. xxiv, 441. $2. Two chapters by Belgian, three by French, and sixteen by English writers, mainly related to England's interest and activity in the war. Contains some of best utterances of

others.

Fisher, Herbert Albert Laurens. The Republican Tradition in Europe. Putnam, 1911, p. xii, 363. $2.50. Chiefly concerned with development of republicanism in France since 1789, by English historical scholar, now President of Board of Education of Great Britain.

**Lippmann, Walter. The Stakes of Diplomacy. Holt, 1915, p. vii, 235. $1.25. Strong argument for democratization of diplomacy; one of ablest discussions produced by the war; addressed to earnest, thoughtful reader. So closely argued that conclusions seem irresistible, but rests on too implicit acceptance of an economic interpretation of history.

Sellars, Roy Wood. The Next Step in Democracy. Macmillan, 1916, p. v, 275. $1.50. Discussion of socialism and labor by assistant professor of philosophy, University of Michigan; marked by spirit of practicality. Written before United States entered the war, but has chapters on Reflections on the War, and Can We Universalize Democracy? **Seton-Watson, Robert William; Wilson, John Dover; Zimmern, Alfred Eckhard; and Greenwood, Arthur. The War and Democracy. Macmillan, 1915, p. xiv, 390. $.80. Gives historical background, ultimate causes of the war, issues involved, probable solutions, and ideals and principles at stake. Allowing for individual views, perhaps, the best single book on fundamental causes and issues of the war.

Sims, Newell Leroy. Ultimate Democracy and its Making. Chicago, McClurg, 1917, p. 347. $1.50. An interpretation of democracy from the sociological not the political point of view. Gives readable digest of much recent sociological discussion.

64. RESULTS OF THE WAR: PROBLEMS OF PEACE. Bourne, Randolph Stillman, editor. Towards an Enduring Peace, a Symposium of Peace Proposals and Programs, 1914-1916, with an Introduction by Franklin H. Giddings. Association for International Conciliation, 1916, p. xv, 336. Compilation from writings of pacifists and other publicists, not official pronouncements.

*Buxton, Charles Roden, editor. Towards a Lasting Settlement. Dodd, 1917, revised edition, p. 216. $2. Collection of essays by leading English pacifists on problems of nationality, territorial settlement, revision of maritime law, colonial affairs, and international co-operation to reduce

war.

**Chéradame, André. The Pangerman Plot Unmasked, Berlin's Formidable Peace-trap of The Drawn War; with an Introduction by the Earl of Cromer. Scribner, 1917, p. xxxi, 235. $1.25. Translation of a French work published early in 1916, but without corrections or additions to bring it up to date. Written without knowledge of Naumann's Central Europe, but with full knowledge of earlier literature of the sort, and with extensive study and observation in the countries concerned. Valuable for information on geographical problems, and one of the ablest analyses of the Pan-German and Central Europe schemes and their dangers.

Chéradame, André. The United States and Pangermania. Scribner, 1918, p. xii, 170. $1. Germany is replaced by Pangermania whose existence menaces United States and freedom of the world; must be blocked by liquidation of Austria-Hungary and Polish independence. Author has spent twenty-two years studying and writing against pan-Germanism.

Chesterton, Cecil Edward. The Perils of Peace; with Introduction by Hilaire Belloc. London, Laurie, 1916, p. 239. 2s. A warning against a hasty or compromise peace. Does

not spare criticism of the ministry any more than of pacifist group in England.

Cook, Sir Theodore Andrea. The Mark of the Beast. London, Murray, 1917. 5s. An array of facts on German history, kultur, and atrocities as argument against inconclusive peace. Largely reprint of his Kaiser, Krupp, and Kultur.

**Cosmos, pseud. The Basis of a Durable Peace. Scribner, 1917, p. ix, 144. $.30. Reprint of articles contributed to the New York Times in November and December, 1916, by an eminent authority. After able analysis of the several problems solutions are suggested which accord with democratic conceptions of international law and of individual and national rights.

*Fayle, Charles Ernest. The Great Settlement. Duffield, 1915, p. xix, 309. $1.75. Careful exposition of interests concerned in the war and in prospective peace, as territorial, colonial, and economic questions, and of principles involved. Author belongs to English pacifist school, but is not blind to facts.

*Hart, Albert Bushnell, editor. Problems of Readjustment after the War. Appleton, 1915, p. 186. $1. Seven essays by as many competent American writers, dealing rather with probable effects of war upon fundamental conditions of life than with technical issues of future peace. Significance undiminished by American entrance into the

war.

Hazen, Charles Downer, and others. Three Peace Congresses of the Nineteenth Century. Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1917, p. 93. $.75. Professor Hazen writes on the Congress of Vienna; Dr. W. R. Thayer on the Congress of Paris, and Professor R. H. Lord on the Congress of Berlin. Professor A. C. Coolidge adds most illuminating article on Claimants to Constantinople. These scholarly essays deal particularly with organization and procedure of the three congresses.

*Headlam, James Wycliffe. The Issue. Boston, Houghton, 1917, p. vii, 159. $1. Reprint, with long introduction, of four articles from Nineteenth Century and After, analyzing and answering earlier German peace pronouncements. A review of Naumann's Central Europe is reprinted from Westminster Gazette. Broader issues are avoided, but German aims are rigorously exposed as impossible. Author is English, but adds to thorough information, sanity of view which makes this one of best books on issues of the war.

Herron, George Davis. The Menace of Peace. Kennerley, 1917, p. 110. $1. Condemns an indecisive peace as a victory for German militarism which is eloquently denounced. Anti-Catholic.

*Hill, David Jayne. The Rebuilding of Europe, a Survey of Forces and Conditions. Century, 1917, p. x, 289. $1.50. Fitted by wide research in diplomatic history and by long experience in American diplomatic service, author discusses abstractly causes and issues of the war; discusses but does not accept various schemes for internationalism. Chapter on America's interest in the new Europe; otherwise, concrete problems avoided.

*McClure, Samuel Sidney. Obstacles to Peace. Boston, Houghton, 1917, p. xxiii, 487. $2. Contains important documents and much valuable information, marred by personal trivialities. Based on visits to warring countries. Emphasizes that war is a state of mind, and sets forth facts affecting development of that state of mind.

Schoonmaker, Edwin Davies. The World Storm and Beyond. Century, 1915, p. 294. $2. Emphasizes importance of reforms and social changes in progress in Europe in war

time and that United States should heed them in order to maintain its own progress. Stimulates thought even if it fails to persuade.

*Veblen, Thorstein B. An Inquiry into the Nature of Peace and the Terms of its Perpetuation. Macmillan, 1917, p. xiii, 367. $2. One of the most thorough and philosophical discussions of war and peace with special reference to the present struggle. Style incisive but not easy. Views, socialistic or at least anti-capitalistic. Completed in February, 1917. Presented definite set of peace terms.

65. THE WAR AGAINST WAR.

*Angell, Norman (pseud. of Ralph Norman Angell Lane). The Great Illusion, a Study of the Relation of Military Power to National Advantage. Putnam, 1910, fourth revised and enlarged edition, 1913, p. xxii, 416. $1. Arms and Industry (English edition, Foundations of International Polity). Putnam, 1914, p. xlv, 248. $1.25. The first had wide currency before the war and won author his fame as exponent of pacifism; the second is companion volume is sued on eve of the war, arguing against militarism and nationality and for an international polity.

*Bloch, Ivan Stanislavovich. The Future of War in its Technical, Economic, and Political Relations: Is War Now Impossible? With a Prefatory Conversation with the Author by W. T. Stead; translated by R. C. Long. Doubleday, 1899, p. lxxix, 380. $2. (Ginn, 1902, $.65.) Somewhat technical array of facts and arguments based on nineteenth century developments, with special reference to Great Britain, Germany, France, and Russia. Said to have influenced Nicholas II to call First Hague Conference.

*Brailsford, Henry Noel. The War of Steel and Gold, a Study of the Armed Peace. Macmillan, 1916, sixth edition, p. 340. $.80. First published in May, 1914. Postscript chapter and some notes appear in third and later editions. Describes balance of power between rival alliances and economic interests involved; proceeds to constructive criticism, suggesting a new concert of Europe. English author professes intellectual passion for peace, but his keen sense of facts saves him from pitfalls of sentimental pacifists.

**Eliot, Charles William. The Road toward Peace, a Contribution to the Study of the Causes of the European War and of the Means of Preventing War in the Future. Boston, Houghton, 1915, p. xv, 228. $1. Ex-President Eliot of Harvard has approached the problems with his accustomed gravity and acumen. One of best American discussions of the war as a war of ideas, but treatment is unfortunately not systematic, for volume is only a collection of occasional papers and addresses, of which several additional ones are included in second edition, September, 1915.

Howe, Frederic Clemson. Why War? Scribner, 1916, p. 366. $1.50. Attributes wars to munition makers, high finance, and secret diplomacy; declares, "Peace is the problem of democracy."

Hugins, Roland. Germany Misjudged, an Appeal to International Good Will in the Interest of a Lasting Peace. Chicago, Open Court Publishing Co., 1916, p. 111. $1. The Possible Peace, a Forecast of World Politics after the War. Century, 1916, p. xiv, 198. $1.25. First, published before sinking of Lusitania, is habitually neutral, but in case of doubt inclines to German view. Second, published after sinking of Lusitania, condemns militarism and war, criticises various nations, including United States, sharply; fears that after the war “the general problem of international peace will not be much nearer solution;" consequently advocates American preparedness.

Jordan, David Starr. War and the Breed, the Relation of War to the Downfall of Nations. Boston, American Unitarian Assn., 1915, p. 265. $1.35. Argument that war, by extinguishing the strongest, weakens the race.

*Key, Ellen Karolina Sofia. War, Peace, and the Future, a Consideration of Nationalism and Internationalism and of the Relation of Women to War; translated by Hildegard Norberg. Putnam, 1916, p. x, 271. $1.50. Calm, cool, comprehensive presentation of facts and deduction of conclusions. By Swedish author and leader in woman and peace movements.

Liebknecht, Karl Paul August Friedrich. Militarism. Huebsch, 1917. $1. Thorough-going indictment by famous German socialist; suppressed in Germany. Original published in Leipzig, 1907; third German edition in Zürich, 1911.

McCormick, Howard Fowler. Via Pacis, How Terms of Peace Can Be Automatically Prepared while the War is Still Going On. Chicago, McClurg, 1917, p. 45. $.60. Proposes novel scheme for constant interchange of desired or acceptable terms.

Macdonald, John Archibald Murray. European International Relations. London, Unwin, 1916, p. 144. 2s. 6d. Argues that sovereign nations need a tribunal over them as much as do free men; appeared in part in Contemporary Review, April, 1915.

Mahan, Alfred Thayer. Armaments and Arbitration, or the Place of Force in the International Relations of States. Harper, 1912, p. 259. Argument that armament and even are necessary in international relations. Replies to Angell's Great Illusion.

war

Quin, Malcolm. The Problem of Human Peace Studied from the Standpoint of a Scientific Catholicism. Dutton, 1917, p. 275. $1. Catholicism, somewhat modernized, is the cure for war and guarantee of peace.

Russell, Bertrand Arthur William. Justice in War-time. Chicago, Open Court Publishing Co., 1916, p. ix, 243. $1. Non-resistance argument by able English pacifist. Review of Entente policy in reply to Professor Gilbert Murray, and chapter "On What Our Policy Ought to Have Been" noteworthy.

are

Russell, Bertrand Arthur William. Why Men Fight, a Method of Abolishing the International Duel. (Title, English edition: Principles of Social Reconstruction.) Century, 1917, p. 272. $1.50. Places responsibility for war not so much upon matters of national or international concern as upon human instincts, which must be schooled against war. The book has glaring faults along with much that is excellent.

Russell, Bertrand Arthur William. Political Ideals. Century, 1917, p. 172. $1. Reiterates his ideas on nationalism and internationalism, but also deals with individual liberty and public control, capitalism and socialism. Excellent style but inadequate analysis of problems.

Taylor, Charles Fremont. A Conclusive Peace, presenting the Historically Logical, and a Feasible Plan of Action for the Coming Peace Conference, Which Will Co-ordinate and Harmonize Europe, and the World. Philadelphia, Winston, 1916, p. 173. $.50. By editor of Equity. Utilizes pacifist stock in trade; suggestive but not critical. Proposes world congress similar to Congress of United States, and other devices for international government.

Warden, Archibald A. Common Sense Patriotism; Preface by Norman Angell. Dillingham, 1916, p. lxx, 129. $1. Believes right is not all on one side, that discussion would secure peace; relates his efforts to secure conference at Berne.

Wells, Herbert George. War That Will End War. Duffield, 1914, p. 106. $.75. What Is Coming? A European Forecast. Macmillan, 1916, p. 294. $1.50. First is collection of occasional papers produced in first weeks of the war. Both reveal the prophetic desire to play with facts that characterizes Mr. Britling Sees It Through (1916) and much of the author's other writing.

Woods, Frederick Adams, and Baltzly, Alexander. Is War Diminishing? A Study of the Prevalence of War in Europe from 1450 to the Present Day. Boston, Houghton, 1915, p. xi, 105. $1. Whatever may be said of their scientific method, the selection of their historical premises can scarcely meet approval.

66. LEAGUE TO ENFORCE PEACE: LEAGUE OF NATIONS.

Ashbee, Charles R. The American League to Enforce Peace. An English Interpretation; with Introduction by G. L. Dickinson. London, Allen & Unwin, 1917, p. 92. 2s. 6d. Author was an Englishman present at inauguration of the League, of which he approves. Discusses international significance of United States.

*Brailsford, Henry Noel. The League of Nations. Macmillan, 1917, p. vii, 332. $1.75. Calm, dispaassionate discussion of many of problems of the war and of suggestions for their solution, especially of the League to Enforce Peace, by an Englishman.

Bryce, James Bryce, Viscount, and others. Proposals for the Prevention of Future Wars. London, Allen & Unwin, 1917. 1s. Scheme similar to League to Enforce Peace.

Bryce, James Bryce, Viscount. Some Historical Reflections on War, Past and Present. Oxford Press, 1917, p. 28. 1s. Two addresses as president of the British Academy in June, 1915 and June, 1916. Includes some discussion of international law in war time, of international public opinion, and of a league of nations.

*Butler, Nicholas Murray. A World in Ferment, Interpretations of the War for a New World. Scribner, 1917, p. viii, 254. $1.25. Collection of addresses delivered from September, 1914, to June, 1917, on war questions. Thoughtful, practical, and inspired with constructive ideals.

Collin, Christen Christian Dreyer. The War against War, and the Enforcement of Peace; with Introduction by William Archer. Macmillan, 1917, p. xii, 163. $.80. Collection of essays by an eminent professor in the University of Christiania, with special reference to the league of nations idea.

Coulton, George Gordon. The Main Illusions of Pacifism, a Criticism of Mr. Norman Angell and the Union of Democratic Control. Macmillan, 1916, p. xv, 295, lxii. $2. Col. lection of anti-pacifist articles intended to promote & British policy of national defence.

*Dickinson, Goldsworthy Lowes. The Choice Before Us. Dodd, 1917, p. xiii, 268. $2. Denounces militarism and economic war; sees hope only in international organization which must include all great powers, even Germany. Powerful arguments by an earnest, able advocate of world peace.

*Fried, Alfred Hermann. The Restoration of Europe; translated by Lewis Stiles Garnett. Macmillan, 1916, p. xiv, 157. $1. Original published in April, 1915, by native of Vienna, for fifteen years editor of the Friedens-Warte in Berlin, since the war in Zürich. Author, who received Nobel prize in 1911, suggests co-operative union of Europe, starting like Pan-American Union, which might lead ulti

mately to political co-operation. "A European union is at present more desirable than a world-wide one."

*Goldsmith, Robert. A League to Enforce Peace; with a special introduction by A. Lawrence Lowell. Macmillan, 1917, p. xxvi, 331. $1.50. Volume for study classes on inadequacy or failure of other means of securing peace and on the plan of the League to Enforce Peace and reasons in favor of it. Several chapters against militarism. Contains bibliography.

League to Enforce Peace. Enforced Peace, Proceedings of the First Annual National Assemblage. League to Enforce Peace, 1917, p.vi, 204. $.50. Collection of papers on various phases of subject, especially from side of United States. Marburg, Theodore. The League of Nations, a Chapter in the History of the Movement. Macmillan, 1917, p. 139. $.50. History of League to Enforce Peace movement by one of its originators.

67. ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THE WAR. Babson, Roger Ward. The Future of Nations; Prosperity, How It Must Come; Economic Facts for Business Men (1914, p. 123. $1). The Future of World Peace, a Book of Charts showing Facts Which Must Be Recognized in Future Plans for Peace; the Prospects for Peace (1915, second edition, p. 142. $1). Wellesley Hills, Mass., Babson's Statistical Organization. Contain much statistical matter on economic and financial affairs, but are arguments for an international government.

Barron, Clarence Walker. The Audacious War. Boston, Houghton, 1915, p. xiv, 192. $1. Collected papers on business problems underlying the war by editor of Boston News Bureau who visited Europe in early months of war to observe financial affairs at first hand. Clear, concise, vigorous style; keen insight.

Bowley, Arthur Lyon. The Effect of the War on the External Trade of the United Kingdom, an Analysis of the Monthly Statistics, 1906-1914. Putnam, 1915, p. viii, 56. $.60. Professor of statistics in University of London makes comparative study with reference to last five months of 1914. Excellent; relevant only to exact period considered. Byers, Norman R. World Commerce in its Relation to the British Empire. London, King, 1916, p. 104. 1s.

Claes, Jules. The German Mole, a Study in the Art of Peaceful Penetration. Macmillan, 1915, p. xiv, 143. $1. Articles on methods of German peaceful penetration in Belgium, especially Antwerp, published by editor of La Métropole in his Antwerp journal in August and September, 1914. English edition has introduction by J. Holland Rose.

Clapp, Edwin James. The Economic Aspects of the War, Neutral Rights, Belligerent Claims, and American Commerce in the Years 1914-1915. New Haven, Yale Press, 1915, p. xiv, 340. $1.50. Apparently written before sinking of Lusitania. Mainly criticism of British policy of trade restriction. Deals with import and export situation with special reference to cotton and copper.

Colvin, Ian D. The Unseen Hand in English History. London, National Review Office, 1917. 7s. 6d. Continues his Germans in England, reviewing events since Tudor times. A tract of protectionist argument, spiced with antiGermanism.

Dibblee, George Binney. Germany's Economic Position and England's Commercial and Industrial Policy after the War. London, Heinemann, 1917, p. 108. 1s. Published by English Central Committee for National Patriotic Organizations. Describes German industrial and commercial methods and outlines a revised policy for England. Moderate in tone.

Eltzbacher, Paul. Germany's Food, Can It Last? Germany's Food and England's Plan to Starve Her Out, a Study by German Experts; English Version edited by S. R. Wells. London, Hodder, 1915, p. 264. 2s.

England's Financial Supremacy, a Translation of Die Englische Finanzmacht; England's Falsche Rechnung; Deutschland und die Erbschaft der City from the Frankfurter Zeitung; with Introduction and Notes by the Trans. lators. Macmillan, 1917, p. xv, 106. $1.25. Original articles by financial authority appeared in November, 1915; argue that Germany's (forced) reliance on home resources is more advantageous than England's dependence on outside financial aid. Some forecasts have already failed of fulfilment.

Gill, Conrad. National Power and Prosperity, a Study of the Economic Causes of Modern Warfare. London, Unwin, 1916, p. 208. 4s. 6d. Based on lectures to workingmen by English college teacher. Principally concerned with past wars but with present one in mind.

Girault, Arthur. The Colonial Tariff Policy of France; edited by C. Gide. Oxford Press, 1916, p. viii, 305. $2.50. A general historical and critical account, with specific accounts of each colony.

Gourvitch, Paul Pensac. How Germany Does Business, Chapters on Export and Finance Methods, with a Preface by Dr. B. E. Shatsky. Huebsch, 1917, p. 142. $1. Shatsky's preface written from Russian point of view after Revolution of March, 1917. Twenty-three short chapters, mainly on various phases of credits and export trade. Has special reference to Russia.

Grunzel, Josef. Economic Protectionism; edited by Eugen von Philippovich. Oxford Press, 1916, p. xiv, 357. $2.90. Sympathetic, comprehensive study of both import duties and other protective measures, by an Austrian.

Harris, Winthrop & Company. American Business as Affected by Peace and Preparedness, the Composite Opinion of Seventeen Hundred American Business Men. Chicago, Harris, Winthrop & Company, 1916, p. 80.

*Hauser, Henri. Germany's Commercial Grip on the World, her Business Methods Explained; translated by Manfred Emanuel. Scribner, 1917, p. xv, 259. $1.65. Translation of Les Méthodes Allemandes d'Expansion Economique, which has passed through several editions. Thorough, moderate, discriminating study. Urges keeping out of Germany's economic grip in future and emulating her systematic, hard work.

Hirst, Francis Wrigley. Political Economy of War. Dutton, 1915, p. xii, 327. $2. Former editor of The Economist (London) writes with special reference to England, dealing with policy and economics of war, and war debts; treatment is largely historical. About forty pages refer to present war. Author's preconceptions were pacifist. Close study of facts with wealth of detail, though not too technical for layman.

Jones, J. H. The Economics of War and Conquest, an Examination of Mr. Norman Angell's Economic Doctrines. London, King, 1915, p. 178. 2s. 6d. Relates specifically to The Great Illusion, but is really a critical analysis of economic contentions of pacifists against militarism to sift out the false and to place the argument on sound foundations.

Lawson, W. R. British War Finance, 1914-15. Van Nostrand, 1915, p. vi, 367. $2. Full, rather technical study.

MacDonald, Allan John MacDonald. Trade, Politics, and Christianity in Africa and the East; with an Introduction by Sir Harry Johnston. Longmans, 1916, p. xxi, 295. $2. Discussion of the problem of contact with and control of backward peoples.