vour and attention of the populace; still life, born at Amsterdam 1651, and insensibly mixing grave and re- died 1698. ligious things with those of a jocu- ALEXANDER THE GREAT, lar kind, he by this means suc- son of Philip, king of Macedon, was ceeded better than he could have born at Pella the first year of the done by austere gravity. Aldhelm 106th Olympiad, the 365th before lived in great esteem till his death, the birth of Christ, and at 15 years which happened May 25, 709. of age was delivered to the tuition ALDRICH (HENRY) an emi-of Aristotle. He discovered very nent scholar, divine, architect, and early a mighty spirit, and sympmusician, born at Westminster toms of that vast and immoderate 1647. The three sides of the ambition which was afterwards to quadrangle of Christ Church, Ox make him the scourge of mankind ford, called Peck water Square, were and the pest of the world. At 20 designed by him; as was also the years of age he succeeded his father elegant Chapel of Trinity College, as king of Macedon: he was also and the church of All-saints in the chosen, in the room of his father, High-street. His abilities also as a generalissimo in the projeâed expemusician have caused him to be dition against the Persians; but the ranked among the greatest masters Greeks, agreeably to their usual of the science: he composed many fickleness, deserted from him, takservices for the church, which are ing the advantage of his absence in well known, as are two catches of Thrace and Illyricum, where he be his; the one, "Hark the bonny gan his military enterprizes. He Christ Church Bells," the other en-hastened immediately to Greece, titled "A Smoking catch;" for when the Athenians and other states he himself was, it seems, a great returned to him at once; but, the smoker. He died at Christ Church, Thebans standing out, he directed 1710. his arms against them, slew a pro. ALDROVANDUS (ULYSSES) digious number of them, and de. professor of philosophy and physicstroyed their city, sparing nothing at Bologna, and a most voluminous but the house and the descendants writer on natural history, died blind of Pindar, out of respect to the in an hospital at Bologna, 1605. memory of that poet. This happened in the 2d year of the 3d a ALEMBERT (JOHN LE ROND Olympiad.Having settled the af ch secretary to the French Aca-fairs of Greece, and left Antipater of y, &c. and one of the ablest as his viceroy in Macedonia, he Latin-maticians of the age, died passed the Hellespont, in the third Faber's, 1783. He was one of the year of his reign, with an army of ed and editors of the "Encyclo- no more than 30,000 foot, and and died 11, besides his numerous 4,500 horse; and with these forces, brave and veteran it is true, he overturned the Persian empire. His first battle was at the Granicus, a river of Phrygia, in which the Per sians were routed. at Issus, a city of Cilicia, where

ALDUS (See MANUTIUS).

AITON (vorks, produced seven "Hortus Kewendanges Literaires," logue of the Plat tracts on differGardens at Kew, w Hamilton in Lanarks) a Dutch and died at Kew, Feb 1, irds, and

His second was

that city. The vexation of Alexander, at being unseasonably detained by this obstinacy of the Ty. rians, occasioned a mighty destruction and carnage; and the cruelty that he exercised here is quite inex cusable. After besieging and tak➡ ing Gaza, he went to Jerusalem, where he was received by the high priest, and, making many presente

he was also victorious in an eminent degree; for the camp of Da. rius, with his mother, wife, and children, fell into his hands; and the humane and generous treatment which he shewed them is justly reckoned the noblest and most amiable passage of his life. While he was in this country, he caught a violent fever by bathing, when hot, in the cold waters of the river Cyd-to the Jews, sacrificed in their nus; and this fever was made more violent from his impatience at be. ing detained by it. The army was under the utmost consternation, and no physician durst undertake the Cure.

temple. He told jadduas (for that was the priest's name), that he had seen in Macedonia a god, in appearance exa&ly resembling him, who had exhorted him to this exAt length one Philip of pedition against the Persians, and Acarnan desired time to prepare a given him the firmest assurance potion, which he was sure would of success. Afterwards entering cure him; and while this potion Egypt, he went to the oracle of was preparing, Alexander received Jupiter Ammon; and upon bis rea letter from his most intimate con- turn, build the city of Alexandria. fident, Parmenio, informing him it was now that he took it into that this Acarnan was a traitor, and his head to assume divinity, and to employed by Darius to poison him, pretend himself the son of the said at the price of 1000 talents and Jupiter Ammon. Policy, however, his sister in marriage. What a was at the bottom of this: it was situation for a sick prince! The impossible that any such belief same greatness of soul, however, should be really rooted in his breast; which accompanied him upon all but he found by experience, that occasions, did not forsake him here. this opinion inclined the barbarous He did not seem to his physician nations to submit, to him; and under any apprehensions; but after therefore he was content to pass for receiving the cup into his hands, a god, and to admit (as he did) of delivered the letter to Acarnan, and, divine adoration,-His object now with his eyes fixed upon him, drank was, to overtake and attack Darius it cff. The medicine at first afted so in another battle; and this battle powerfully as to deprive him of his was fought at Arbela; when victory, senses, and then, without doubt, granting every thing to Alexander, all concluded him poisoned: how-put an end to the Persian empire. ever, he soon came round, and, by Darius had offered his daughter in a cure so speedy that it might al-marriage and part of his dominions most be deemed miraculous, was to Alexander; and Parmenio ad. restored to his army safe and sound.vised him to accept the terms, From Cilicia he marched forwards saying I would if I were Alexto Phoenicia, which all surrendered to him except Tyre; and it cost him a siege of 7 months to reduce

ander.""And so would 1 (replied the conqueror) if I were Parmenio." The same Parmenio counselling the

prince to take advantage of the night in attacking Darius, "No. (said Alexander) I would not steal a victory." Darius owed his escape from Arbela to the swiftness of his horse; and, while he was collecting forces to renew the war, was insidiously slain by Bessus, governor of the Bactrians. Alexander wept at the fate of Darius, and, after wards procuring Bessus to be given up to him, punished the inhuman wretch according to his deserts. From Arbela Alexander pursued his conquests eastward; and every thing fell into his hands, even to the Indies. Having ranged over all the east, he returned to Babylon, where he died in the 23d year of his age, Some say by poison, others by intoxication.

author of repute, born at Venice 1712, died 1764.

ALLEGRI(GREGORIO) an eminent musical composer, born at Rome. His compositions (the chief of which is the "Miserere,”) are still performed in the pontifical chapel. He died 1672.

ALLEYN (EDWARD) an a&tor of great reputation in the reigns of Elizabeth and James I. and founder of Dulwich College in 1619; which he named "The College of God's Gift." An idle tradition hath assigned the following as his motive for endowing it: that once, personating the devil, he was so terrified at seeing a real devil (as he imagined) upon the stage, that he soon after totally quitted his profession, and devoted the remainder of his (WILLIAM, life to religious exercises. He EARL OF STIRLING), a dramatic founded this college for a master poet and statesman in the reigns and warden, who are always to be of James and Charles I. was born of the name of Alleyn or Allen, 1580. "His poetry (says Mr. with 4 fellows (3 of whom to be Grainger), for purity and elegance, divines, and the 4th an organist); is far beyond the generality of and for six poor men, as many poor the productions of the age in which women, and 12 poor boys, to be he lived." His. "Recreation of the educated in the college. Muses" was printed in folio 1637, to which is prefixed his portrait by Marshall, esteemed the best of that artist's works. He died 1640.

ALEXANDER

ALEYN (CHARLES) an historical poct in the reign of Charles I received his education at Sidney college, Cambridge. He wrote "The battles of Cressy and Poictiers," printed in 8vo. 1633, and the "History of King Henry VII." in 8vo. 1638, and died about 1640.

ALFRED. See ELFRED. ALGAROTTI (FRANCIS COUNT) an Italian, eminent as a connoisseur and critic in every branch of the belles lettres, and an

ALPHONSUS. See CASTILE. ALPINI (FROSPERO) a famous Venetian physician and botanist, born 1553, died 1617.

ALREDUS, ALFREDUS, or ALUREDUS, an ancient English historian, born at Beverley in Yorkshire. He wrote, in Latin, Annals of the British history, from Brutus to Henry I. and died 1129.

ALSTON (CHARLES) an eminent physician, and medical and botanical writer, born in Scotland 1683, died 1760.

ALVARES DE LUNA, or ALVARO, a favourite of John II. king of Castile, famous for the prodigious ascendancy which he gained over

that prince, and for the punishment courses" of his own upon Tacitus; which at length overtook him. Of all which were well received by the the 45 years he spent at court, he public. He died at Paris 1706. enjoyed for 30 of them so absolute a power over the king, that no thing could be done without his ex-1606.

AMELOT (DENIS) a celebrated French writer, born at Saintonge He wrote, among other

vinity," a "Catechism for the Jubilee," and a kind of "Christian Manual for every day (Journee Chretienne)," and died 1678.

press orders; nay, it is related by things, an "Abridgment of DiMariana, that the king could not change an officer or servant, or even his clothes or diet, without the approbation of Alvares. At length he was seized, tried, and condemned to lose his head, on a charge of having madly invaded the rights of kingly majesty, re duced the whole court into his power, and made himself master of the state in general, &c. &c. He was executed the 4th of June 1453.

ALURED. See ALREDUS. AMAND (MARK ANTHONYGERARD, sieur de St.) a French poet, born at Rouen 1594, died

1661.

AMBROSE (ST.) bishop of Milan, an eminent father of the church, born in Gaul 333. The birth of Ambrose is said to have been followed with a remarkable presage of his future eloquence; for we are told, that a swarm of bees came and settled upon his mouth as he lay in his cradle. He died at Milan 397, and was buried in the great church there. The most considerable of his numerous works is that "De Officiis." Ambrose carried the esteem of virginity and celibacy so far, that he seemed to regard matrimony as an indecent thing.

AMERICUS (VESPUTIUS), a Florentine, a discoverer in the continent called after him America, died 1526. See COLUMBUS.

AMES (JOSEPH) a celebrated typographical historian, and secretary to the society of Antiquaries, was originally a ship-chandler at Wap. ping. Late in life he took to the study of antiquities: and, besides his great work on "Typographical Antiquities," containing accounts of our earliest printers and their works, he published a list, in 8vo. of English heads, engraved and mezzotinto, and drew up the " Parentalia," from Mr. Wren's papers. He died Oft. 7, 1759.

AMHERST (JEFFERY, LORD) a celebrated English general, born at Seven Oaks in Kent 1717, died 1798.

AMHURST (NICHOLAS) born at Marden in Kent, but in what year is uncertain. He received his grammatical education at Merchant Taylor's School in London; and thence was removed to St. John's College, Oxford, but expelled for irregularity of conduct. Soon after AMELOT DE LA HOUSSAI, Mr. Amhurst quitted Oxford, he (NICHOLAS) was born at Orleans seems to have settled in London as 1634. He published translations a writer by profession. He pubinto French of Machiavel's lished a volume of Miscellanies. "Prince," Father Paul's "History But the principal literary underof the Council of Trent," Taci- taking of Mr. Amhurst was, "The tus's" Annals," and " Political Dis-Craftsman," which was carried on