The cut shows the appearance of the salt vats which are so numerous on Cape Cod. It will be perceived the covers or roofs of two of these vats are connected by a beam or crane. Dr. Dwight, who visited the Cape in 1800, says, "A Mr. Kelly, having professedly made several improvements in the means of accomplishing this business, obtained a patent, about two years before this journey was taken, for making salt-works on the plan generally adopted in this region. Of these the following is a description. Vats, of a number suited to the owner's design, 20 feet

square, and 10 or 12 inches in depth, are formed of pine planks, an inch and a half thick, and so nicely joined as to be water-tight. These are arranged into four classes. The first class, or that next to the ocean, is called the water room; the second, the pickle room; the third, the lime room; and the fourth, the salt room. Each of these rooms, except the first, is placed so much lower than the preceding, that the water flows readily from it to another, in the order specified. The water room is filled from the ocean by a pump furnished with vans or sails, and turned by the wind. Here it continues until of the proper strength to be drawn into the pickle room, and thus successively into those which remain. The lime, with which the water of the ocean abounds, is deposited in the lime room. The salt is formed into small crystals in the salt room, very white and pure, and weighs from 70 to 75 pounds a bushel. The process is carried on through the warm season. After the salt has ceased to crystallize, the remaining water is suffered to freeze. In this manner, a large quantity of Glauber's salt is obtained in crystals, which are clean and good. The residuum is a strong brine, and yields a great proportion of marine salt, like that already described. To shelter the vats from the dews and rains, each is furnished with a hipped roof, large enough to cover it entirely. The roofs of two vats are connected by a beam turning upon an upright post, set firmly in the ground, and are moved easily on this pivot by a child of fourteen, or even twelve years. To cover and uncover them, is all the ordinary labor."

EASTHAM.

THE original Indian name of Eastham was Nauset. After being purchased from the natives, it was granted by the court to the settlers at Plymouth, in 1644. This included the present townships of Eastham, Wellfleet, and Orleans. Some of the principal settlers were Thomas Prince, John Doane, Nicholas Snow, Josias Cook, Richard Higgins, John Smalley, and Edward Bangs: these persons are said to have been among the most respectable inhabitants of Plymouth. The settlement commenced the year (1644) the grant was made, and was incorporated as a town in 1646. A church was gathered soon after their arrival, but the inhabitants were not sufficiently numerous to support a minister till 1672, when Rev. Samuel Treat, of Milford, Con. was ordained.

The above is a representation of an ancient pear tree, on the land now owned by Mr. Nathan Kenny, twenty-one miles from Barnstable court-house. It was brought from England by Thomas Prince, for many years governor of Plymouth colony. Governor Prince removed from Duxbury to Eastham in 1640 or 1645, and, leaving Eastham, returned to Plymouth in 1665, so that this tree, planted by him, is now probably about two hundred years old. It is still in a vigorous state. The fruit is small, but excellent; and it is stated that it yields annually, upon an average, fifteen bushels of fruit. Governor Prince's house stood about thirty or forty rods eastward of this place. Mr. Treat, the first minister, lived about one fourth of a mile to the north-east. The house seen in the engraving stands on the site formerly occupied as a garrison house.

This town is situated on a narrow part of the peninsula of Cape Cod, and the soil, for the most part, is but a barren waste of sand. In an account given of the town in 1802, it is stated, "On the west side, a beach extends to Great Pond, where it stretches

across the township almost to Town Cove. This barren tract, which does not now contain a particle of vegetable mould, formerly produced wheat. The soil, however, was light. The sand, in some places, lodging against the beach grass, has been raised into hills fifty feet high, where twenty-five years ago no hills. existed. In others, it has filled up small valleys and swamps. Where a strong-rooted bush stood, the appearance is singular: a mass of earth and sand adheres to it, resembling a small tower. In several places, rocks which were formerly covered with soil are disclosed, and, being lashed by the sand, driven against them by the wind, look as if they were recently dug from a quarry." There are two churches, one Methodist and one Congregational. Population 1,059. Distance, twenty-three miles north-easterly from Barnstable, and, in a straight line, sixty-eight miles from Boston. In 1837, there were fifty-four establishments for the manufacture of salt, which produced 22,370 bushels; thirteen vessels employed in the cod and mackerel fishery; 1,200 quintals of cod-fish and 4,550 barrels of mackerel were caught.

Mr. Treat, the first minister in this town, was distinguished for his evangelical zeal and labors, not only among his own people, but also among the Indians in this vicinity; and he was the instrument of converting many of them to the Christian faith. He learnt their language, and once a month preached in their villages, visited them at their wigwams, and, by his kindness and affability, won their affections: they venerated him as their pastor, and loved him as their father. In 1693, Mr. Treat states that there were four Indian villages in the township under his care. These Indians had four teachers of their own choice and four schoolmasters. They also had of their own people six magistrates, who regulated their civil affairs; they held stated courts and punished criminals. There were five hundred adult persons in the villages, all of whom attended public worship. But notwithstanding every exertion made for the benefit of the Indians, they wasted away by fatal diseases and other causes, so that in 1764 they were reduced to four individuals only. Mr. Treat, having passed near half a century of most active labor, died soon after the remarkable storm, distinguished in the annals of New England by the name of the Great Snow, in February, 1717. The wind blew with violence; and whilst the grounds about his house were left entirely bare, the snow was heaped up in the road to an uncommon height. It was in vain to attempt making a path. His body was therefore kept several days, till an arch could be dug, through which he was borne to the grave; the Indians, at their earnest request, being permitted in turn to carry the corpse, and thus to pay the last tribute of respect to the remains of their beloved pastor. The second minister of Eastham was the Rev. Samuel Osborn, who was educated at the University of Dublin, and ordained here in 1718; the next year, the church being divided into two, Mr. Osborn removed into the south part of the township, and Rev. Benjamin Webb was ordained pastor of

the church that remained. Mr. Webb died in 1746, and was succeeded by Rev. Edward Cheever, who was ordained in 1751. Mr. Cheever was succeeded by Rev. Philander Shaw, who was ordained in 1795.

The following is the inscription on the monument of Mr. Treat, the first minister.

Here lyes interred ye body of ye late learned and Revd. Mr. Samuel Treat, ye pious and faithful pastor of this church, who, after a very zealous discharge of his ministry for ye space of 45 years, & a laborious travel for ye souls of ye Indian nativs, fell asleep in Christ, March ye 18, 1716-17, in ye 69 year of his age.

FALMOUTH.

THIS town, forming the south-western extremity of the peninsula of Cape Cod, was incorporated in 1686. Mr. Samuel Shireick labored in this place as a minister previous to 1700. Rev. Joseph Metcalf, who graduated at Cambridge, was chosen minister. Ĥe died in 1723, and was succeeded by Mr. Josiah Marshall. Rev. Samuel Palmer was ordained in 1731, and was succeeded by Mr. Zebulon Butler, who was ordained in 1775, and dismissed in 1778. The next minister, Rev. Isaiah Mann, was ordained in 1780, and died in 1789. Rev. Henry Lincoln was ordained in 1790 and dismissed in 1823. His successor, Rev. Benjamin Woodbury, was ordained in 1824, and dismissed in 1833. The next minister was Rev. Josiah Bent, who was installed in 1834, and dismissed in 1837, and was succeeded by Rev. Henry B. Hooker, who was installed the same year. The Congregational church in East Falmouth was organized in 1810, and the one in North Falmouth in 1833.

The town is bounded on the west by Buzzard's Bay, and on the south by Vineyard Sound. A chain of hills, which is continued from Sandwich, runs on the west side of the township, near Buzzard's Bay, and terminates at "Wood's Hole," a harbor at the south-western point of the town. The rest of the land in this township is remarkably level. The soil is thin, but superior in quality to the light lands in the eastern part of the county. An extensive pine forest is situated between the villages of Falmouth and Sandwich. There are not less than forty ponds in the township, and give a great variety to the scenery.

The engraving shows the appearance of Falmouth village, as it is seen from an elevation to the westward, on the road leading to Wood's Hole. The village, which is one of the handsomest on the Cape, consists of about one hundred dwelling-houses, two churches, (one Congregational and one Methodist,) an academy, and the Falmouth Bank, with a capital of $100,000. The village is twenty-two miles from Barnstable, eighteen from Sandwich, and seventy-one from Boston. Wood's Hole is four miles to the southwest; at this place there is a village, and ships of the largest class can go up to the wharf. The landing at Falmouth village is about three fourths of a mile from the Congregational church.

The mail is carried over from this place to Holmes's Hole, on Martha's Vineyard, three times a week, in a sail-boat. The distance between the two landings is seven miles.

Two streams afford a water power, on which are two woollen mills, having three sets of machinery. There are five houses of worship: three Congregational, one for Friends or Quakers, and one Methodist. Population 2,580. In 1837, there were "nine vessels employed in the whale fishery; tonnage of the same, 2,823; sperm oil imported, 4,952 barrels, (148,560 gallons); whale oil, 275 barrels, (8,250 gallons); hands employed in the fishery, 250; capital invested, $260,000; salt manufactured, 35,569 bushels.' The following is copied from monuments in the village graveyard :

Here lies interred the body of the Rev. Samuel Palmer, who fell asleep April ye 13th, 1775, in the 68th year of his age, and 45th of his ministry.

His virtues would a monument supply,

But underneath these clods his ashes lie.

In memory of Capt. David Wood, who died in his 42d year, in Cape Francois, August 10th, 1802, of the yellow fever, with 4 of his men.

He's gone, the voyage of human life is o'er,

And weeping friends shall see his face no more.
Far from the tenderest objects of his love
He dies, to find a happier world above.
Around this monument his friends appear,

To embalm his precious memory with a tear.

His men who died were Edward Butler, aged 15 years, and Prince Fish, aged 19 years, both died August 10; Henry Green, aged 20 years, Willard Hatch, aged 12 years, both died August 17.

These hopeful youths with life are called to part,
And wound afresh their tender parents' heart.

HARWICH.

THE original town of Harwich extended across the peninsula of Cape Cod. What is now called Harwich, was the second society