ORDINANCES, ACTS AND, OF BRITISH POSSESSIONS-continued.

Labuan has no Act or Ordinance.

Leeward Islands, 471

becoming limited liability companies, 78

cannot appeal from decision by Court of Formal Investigation, 187
censure or acquittal by Courts of Inquiry, recommended by
Committee of 1836, 5

OWNERS-continued.

costs of, payment by, ordered at Formal Investigations, 125
jurisdiction as to, as parties to Formal Investigation, 98

of ships wrecked, inquiry into conduct of recommended by
Committee of 1836, 4

order of addressing Court by, 124

order of examination of witnesses by, 118, 119

registry of ships by, 79

responsibility of, for loading in foreign port, 276

service of notice of Investigation upon, 107, 108

to report accidents to, loss of, or supposed loss of, ships to the
Board of Trade, 32

OWNERSHIP

of British ships, 76

by corporation, members of which are foreigners, 78

PARTIES TO FORMAL INVESTIGATIONS,

Board of Trade and certificated officers served with notice of
Investigation, 109

by permission of the Judge, 111

jurisdiction as to, 98

rules as to, 63, 69, 109, 110, 111

service of notice of Investigation, and summonses upon, 107
subject to authority of Courts of Investigation, 84

PARTIES

to Investigations by Naval Courts, 174

to re-hearings and appeals, objection to, 206

to appeal may be aded by Court, 206

PAST LEGISLATION,

estimate of results of, 27

founded upon recommendation of Committees of 1836 and 1842, 5

PENAL JURISDICTION,

of Courts of Formal Investigation, 87

only as to costs against persons other than certificated officers, 98

PENALTIES.

PLACE

See OFFENCES UNDER MERCHANT SHIPPING ACTS.

for Formal Investigations, selection of, 67

for holding Courts of Inquiry into charges of incompetency and
misconduct, 133

of imprisonment by Naval Court to be approved, 162

for summoning Naval Court, 164

POLICE COURTS,

Formal Investigations not to be heard in, 65, 68

PORTS

at which Formal Investigations chiefly held, 68

POWERS

of Inspectors uuder Merchant Shipping Acts, 34

of Courts of Formal Investigation. See JURISDICTON OF COURTS
OF FORMAL INVESTIGATION.

of Courts of Inquiry (incompetency or misconduct), 132-139
of Colonial Courts. See JURISDICTION OF COLONIAL COURTS.
of Naval Courts. See JURISDICTION OF NAVAL COURTS.

PRELIMINARY INQUIRIES,

application for Formal Investigation by person holding, 46
cases giving rise to, 31, 57, 63, 70

identical with those giving rise to Formal Investigations, 32
classification of, 30

conducted by Receiver of Wreck, 33

depositions. See RECEIVER OF WRECK.

expenses of witnesses attending, 34

foreign ships sustaining casualties on the coasts of the United

PRELIMINARY INQUIRIES- continued.

persons, a Receiver of Wreck, examination of witnesses by, 31,

34, 36

instructions to, 347

powers of, 31, 34, 36

PROCEDURE AT INQUIRIES,

alteration in, recommended by Royal Commission of 1873, 25

PROCEDURE

at Formal Investigations, Rules of. See SHIPPING CASUALTIES

RULES, FORMAL INVESTIGATIONS.
as affecting jurisdiction, 69
provisions regulating, 69

at Investigations into charges of incompetency or misconduct.
See COURTS OF INQUIRY.

at Colonial Courts of Inquiry subject to, and controlled by

Colonial enactments, 157

at Naval Courts. See NAVAL COURTS.

at Courts of Appeal. See APPEALS.

See RE-HEARINGS.

at Formal Investigations, 111

at Naval Courts, 159, 167

PROOF

by affidavit at Formal Investigations, of service of documents,

at Naval Courts, of service of copy report or state-
ment of case and summonses to parties, 174
of evidence before Court of Appeal or Court re-hearing, 206
of entries in official log, 117 (n)

of report of Naval Court, 161

PROTESTS

cannot be received in evidence on behalf of master and
owner, 115

PUBLIC INSPECTION

of certain depositions taken by Receiver of Wreck at Preliminary
Inquiries, 37

PUNISHMENT,

remission or mitigation of, 9, 60, 138, 152, 163, 180

by Courts of Formal Investigation, difference of opinion as to, 88
QUALIFICATIONS,

of assessors, 51

QUALIFICATION

of British masters, mates and engineers under existing law, 381
QUEBEC,

rules approved for stowage of grain cargoes at, 308

QUEENSLAND,

Order in Council relating to certificates, 394

ordinance relating to Wreck Inquiries, 500

QUESTIONS AT FORMAL INVESTIGATIONS,

affording persons charged an opportunity of defence, 120

certificates affected, statement to be made by Board of Trade, 122

Court not limited to consideration of technical charges, 120

difficulty in formulating such charges, 120

forms of, 557

general principles of framing, 120

officer's conduct cannot be questioned after formal notification

to the contrary, 123

one series of, relating to two casualties, 121

raise issues for decision, 121

relate to causes of casualty and conduct of persons connected

therewith, 119, 120

rule as to, 119

signature and delivery of, 122

statement of, delivered in writing, 121

substituted for repealed rule requiring a charge to be formu-
lated, 120

to be answered at length in report, 101