27 Newark Daily Advertiser, Jan. 7, 1853. 28 New York Herald, Dec. 6, 1851. 29 Ib., Dec. 4, Dec. 18, 1852. See also a strong article in New York Sun, quoted with an editorial on the Sonora incident, in Stiff's Radical Reformer (Gadsden, Ala), Feb. 26, 1853. Mobile Herald and Tribune, in Ib., Dec. 4, 1852; Mississippi Free Press (Natchez), Jan. 8, 1853. 30 Democratic Review, XXX: 234-252, XXXI: 88-96, 443-456, 624-628. 31 Congressional Globe, 32nd Congress, 2nd Session, 140. (Dec. 23, 1852); New Orleans Picayune, Jan. 2, 1853. 32 Congressional Globe, 32nd Congress, 2nd Session, 139-140. (Dec. 23, 1852); National Intelligencer, Jan. 22, 1853, report of speech of Jan. 15. 33 Speech of Jan. 25, 1853, National Intelligencer, Feb. 1. 34 Congressional Globe, 32nd Congress, 2nd Session, 146. 35 Speech of Jan. 26, National Intelligencer, Feb. 3, 1853; Bancroft, Life of Seward, I: 467-469; Seward, Works, G. Baker, ed., III: 605–618. 36 Congressional Globe, 32nd Congress, 2nd Session, 143. 37 New York Weekly Mirror, Jan. 7, 1853; New York Spectator, Dec. 7, 1852; Newark Daily Advertiser, Jan. 6, 1853; Providence Journal, Jan. 7; Arkansas Whig, Jan. 27; New York Atlas, Dec. 16, 1852; New York Tribune, Jan. 7, 1853; New York Times, Jan. 7; New York Express, Jan. 7; New York Courier and Enquirer, Jan. 8; New York Herald, Jan. 7, 1853, Dec. 25, 1852; Baltimore Sun, Jan. 6, 1853; Harper's Magazine, Feb., 1853. 38 National Intelligencer, Dec. 24; Connecticut Courant, Dec. 18; Republic, Dec. 18; Worcester Transcript, Dec. 16, 1852. 39 Washington Union, Dec. 17; Philadelphia Inquirer, Dec. 21, 1852; San Francisco Herald, Jan. 23, 1853. This paper dislikes the Mexicans and has no objection to the Sonora raid. 40 Congressional Globe, Appendix, 32nd Congress, 2nd Session, 73-76; New York Spectator, Dec. 30, 1852. 41 New York Herald, Dec. 11, 1852. 42 Union, Jan. 5, 1853. 48 Boston Transcript, Dec. 11, 1852. 44 New York Times, cited in State Capital Reporter (Concord), Dec. 24, 1852. 45 Providence Journal, Dec. 14, 1852. 46 Newark Daily Advertiser, cited in National Intelligencer, Dec. 14, 1852. Also Connecticut Courant, Dec. 18, 1852; Worcester Transcript, Dec. 21, 1852; New York Atlas, Dec. 12, 1852. 47 Treudley, 243-252. 48 Latané, 117–134; Callahan, 256–328. 49 National Intelligencer, Nov. 21, 1854; Richardson, Messages, V: 278, 302, 335. 50 Congressional Globe, 33rd Congress, 1st Session, 483. 51 Congressional Globe, 33rd Congress, 2nd Session, 826. 52 Congressional Globe, 33rd Congress, 1st Session, 484; Ib., 33rd Congress, 2nd Session, 826-8; Union, Mar. 18, 1854. 53 Congressional Globe, 33rd Congress, 2nd Session, 830-833. 54 New York Atlas, Dec. 10, 1854. 55 Carpenter, Hawaii, 102-105. 56 Congressional Globe, Appendix, 32nd Congress, 1st Session, 1084-1085. 57 Congressional Globe, 32nd Congress, 2nd Session, 146; National Intelligencer, Dec. 2, 1854. For the Hawaiian question in full, Carpenter, Hawaii, 95-105; Moore, International Arbitrations, I: 447-483; Richardson, Messages, V: 120; Johnson, America's Foreign Relations, 313–314, 517-522; Fish, American Diplomacy, 403. 58 Bassett, 521, 589, 643; Schouler, VI: 114–122, 269–274; T. K. Lothrop, Life of W. H. Seward, 290-4, 296-7, 290-300, 313-317, 350-351; Gideon Welles, Dairy, 1: 494-5, 339-40. 59 Motley, Correspondence, II: 63; Motley and His Friends, 133–138. 60 Richmond Daily Examiner (Confederate), cited in Charleston Daily Courier (Confederate), May 16, 1863. 81 Mobile Evening News (Confederate), July 10, 1862. 62 National Intelligencer (Union), Dec. 2, 1862. 63 Seward, Works, V: 376-381; Welles, Diary, 1: 235-6; Storey, Sumner, 241-242; Lothrop, Seward, 353-355; Reports of Committee of Foreign Relations, 1789-1901, VI: 219–221. 64 Horace Greeley, The American Conflict, II: 484. 65 Philadelphia Evening Journal, Jan. 2, 1863, and citing Washington Republican and New York Tribune. Be New York Herald, Jan. 5, 1863. 67 New York Evening Post, Feb. 18, 1863. 68 Charleston Courier, Jan. 1, Jan. 13, Feb. 12, Feb. 28, April 3, 1863. 69 North Carolina Standard (Confederate), Oct. 23, 1863. 70 Richmond Whig, Mar. 5, 1863. 71 Pierce Butler, Life of Judah P. Benjamin, 305–307. 72 Jefferson Davis, The Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government, II: 369–371. 78 House Executive Documents, 37th Congress, 3rd Session, No. 54: 530. 74 Nicolay and Hay, VI: 30-48; VII: 396-405; Lothrop, Seward, 388-392; Bancroft, Seward, II: 419-442; Schurz, Reminiscences, II: 280–283, 288–292; Storey, Sumner, 220-221; Schouler, VI: 260-269, 427-429; Latané, 221-247; Henderson, 71; Rhodes, IV: 345-6; McMaster, VIII: 440 ff.; F. H. Seward, Life of W. H. Seward, III: 85. 75 National Intelligencer, Nov. 30, 1861. 76 lb., June 5, June 19, Oct. 21, Oct. 30, 1862. 77 Personal Memoirs of General W. T. Sherman, 1: 369; See also a very flattering article on Maximilian, praising his friendly feeling for the United States, and saying that if a foreign prince is to be imposed on Mexico, "no more conscientious man, no better neighbor, could have been selected," by F. L. Sarmiento in Harper's Magazine, 27: 831-834, (1863). 78 Philadelphia Inquirer, cited Baltimore Clipper, Dec. 14, 1861. 79 Baltimore Clipper, May 6, June 3, 1862. so Boston Post, cited in Maryland Republican, May 10, 1862. 81 New York Evening Post, Jan. 28, 1863. 82 lb., Feb. 11, 1863. 83 New York Herald, cited in Charleston Courier (Confederate), Feb. 13, 1863. 84 Welles, Diary, 1: 385. 85 Charles Sumner, Works, VII: 367–373. Article by Sumner on Slidell in Atlantic Monthly, VIII: 36-38, (1863), also illustrates his attitude toward the French. Storey, Sumner, 250-253. 88 "The French Struggle for Naval and Colonial Power," G. Reynolds, Atlantic Monthly, XII; 626-636. Hastings (Minnesota) Independent, Dec. 3, 1863, against the French in Mexico. 87 Butler, Benjamin, 303–304; Rhodes, IV: 346. 88 Nicolay and Hay, Lincoln, VIII; 268; Butler, Benjamin, 294–299; New York Herald, Feb. 13, 1863; New York Times, Jan. 18, 1863; Jas. M. Mason, Public Life and Diplomatic Correspondence, Virginia Mason, ed., 552-560. 89 Richmond Examiner, cited in Mobile Daily Advertiser and Register, (Confederate). 90 Lothrop, Seward, 392; Storey, Sumner, 238-9; Congressional Globe, 37th Congress, 3rd Session, 694–5; Edward McPherson, Political History of the United States of America during the Great Rebellion, 348-9; Nicolay and Hay, Lincoln, VII: 407-410. 91 Lothrop, Seward, 392-395; Congressional Globe, 1st Session, 38th Congress, 1408. 92 Boston Courier, Apr. 7, 1864. 93 New York Times, Apr. 5, 1864. 94 Washington Chronicle, cited in Alexandria Gazette, Apr. 9, 1864. 95 Cheshire Republican, Apr. 13, 1864. 96 New York World, cited Ib. 97 Weekly Pioneer and Democrat (St. Paul, Minnesota), Apr. 25, 1864. 98 New York Evening Post, May 11, 1864. 99 Congressional Globe, 38th Congress, 1st Session, 2427. 100 Congressional Globe, 38th Congress, 1st Session, 2475. The French Government shortly after published the substance of Seward's explanation in a circular which was sent to all French agents in foreign ports. Richmond Despatch, June 25, 1864, cited this in full. McPherson, 354. 101 Cheshire Republican, June 1, 1864. 102 New York Evening Post, June 1, 1864. Similar, Boston Courier, May 28. 103 New York Herald, cited in Mobile Daily Tribune (Confederate). 104 Cincinnati Daily Gazette, June 2, 1864. 105 National Intelligencer, June 2, 1864. 106 Boston Advertiser (Semi-weekly), June 11, 1864. 107 McPherson, 413. 108 Ib., 406-7; Nicolay and Hay, Lincoln, IX: 69–71. 109 New York Evening Post, June 15, 1864; Philadelphia North American and United States Gazette, June 11, 1864; Cincinnati Daily Gazette, June 9, 1864. 110 Albany Evening Journal, June 18, 1864. 111 Abraham Lincoln, Complete Works, Nicolay and Hay, eds., II: 538. 112 House of Representatives, Reports of Committees, 38th Congress, 1st Session, II: No. 129; Senate Executive Documents, 38th Congress, 1st Session, No. II; Congressional Globe, 38th Congress, 1st Session, 3339-40, 3359-60, 2458, 3499-3500; 38th Congress, 2nd Session, 48, 50, 52, 55, 65-67. 118 New York Times, Apr. 30, 1864. 114 Folsom Telegraph (Cal.), May 7, 1864. Other typical articles, G. Reynolds, in Atlantic Monthly, July, 1864, on Mexico; New York Times, Apr. 15, Apr. 22, 1864; Philadelphia Inquirer, Apr. 4, Apr. 30; Richmond Sentinel, Apr. 28, reporting speech of United States Military Governor of Texas; Philadelphia North American, June 21; New York Atlas, Dec. 17, Dec. 24, 1864. 115 Richmond Whig, Apr. 6, 1864. 118 Richmond Sentinel, Apr. 11, 1864. 117 Richmond Dispatch, Apr. 12, 1864. 118 Richmond Examiner, cited in New York Weekly Post, Apr. 27, 1864. 119 Richmond Dispatch, Apr. 14, Apr. 16, June 25, 1864. 120 Richmond Sentinel, Apr. 20, 1864. 121 Richmond Whig, Apr. 28, 1864. 122 Richmond Examiner, June 1, 1864. 123 Charleston Tri-weekly Courier, Dec. 13, 1864. 124 Nicolay and Hay, Lincoln, X: 93–100, 164; Alexander H. Stephens, A Constitutional View of the War between the States, II: 601-604, 608, 618; Davis, Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government, II: 612-620; Daily Confederate (Raleigh, N. C.), Feb. 13, 1865; Schouler, VI: 535–537. 125 Philadelphia North American, Feb. 17, 1865. 126 Welles, Diary, II: 317, 332–3, 338, 367, 485–6, 622–626, 648; Lieut. Gen. John M. Schofield, Forty-Six Years in the Army, 378-393; Gen. Philip H. Sheridan, Personal Memoirs II: 210, 213-228; Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, Personal Memoirs, II: 545-547; Alexandria Gazette, May 13, 1865; Knoxville Whig, citing Albany Evening Journal, May 24, 1865; New York Evening Post, Dec. 21, 1865. 127 Mobile Evening News, citing New York Herald, May 27, 1865; St. Louis Democrat, May 9; Baltimore Clipper, May 5, 1865, May 13, citing Philadelphia Inquirer; Philadelphia Press, May 4; New York Evening Post, May 6, 9, 10; New York Daily News, May 6; New York Atlas, May 13; Alexandria Gazette, May 22; Alexander K. McClure, Recollections of Half a Century, 75-8. 128 National Intelligencer, May 6, 11; New York Times, May 1; Baltimore Clipper, Jan. 31, 1865; New York World, June 19; Dr. Gwin's Plan for Colonization, Evan J. Coleman, Overland Monthly, XVII; 497–519, 593–606; XVIII; 203–213. 129 Schurz, Reminiscences, II: 301-302; National Intelligencer, May 12, 1865; New York Times, May 9, 1865; California Weekly Alta, Aug. 19, 1865. 130 Congressional Globe, 39th Congress, Ist Session, 17, 19, 22, 70, 77, 106, 170, 811, 1068, 3217-3218, 39th Congress, 2nd Session, 267, 458-459, 487; Richardson, Messages, VI: 438, 455-6. 131 Fuller accounts of later stages of French attitude toward the United States and of the Mexican affair, as well as of the American feeling and action in regard to these incidents,-Rhodes, VI: 388-390; Nicolay and Hay, Lincoln, VII: 405–423; VIII: 266-280; Schouler, VI: 429-435; Latané, 247-265; Bigelow, France and the Confederate Navy; James D. Bulloch, The Secret Service of the Confederate States in Europe; J. M. Callahan, The Diplomatic History of the Southern Confederacy; Messages and Documents of the Presidents, 1862-3, Part I: 307-441, "France and the Confederacy"; Messages and Documents, Department of State, 1864-5, Part III: 1– 254, "France and the Confederacy, Mexico"; Diplomatic Correspondence, 1863, Part 11: 689-762, same, continued; Senate Executive Documents, 38th Congress, 2nd Session, I: No. 11; 30th Congress, 1st Session, 1: Nos. 5, 6, 8, 11: Nos. 54, 56; Thurlow Weed, Memoirs, II: 390-399; Lothrop, Seward, 394; William Cullen Bryant, Prose Works, Parke Godwin, ed., II: 237–241; Philadelphia Inquirer, July 1, 1867; Philadelphia North American, July 4, 1867. Bryant was very bitter in regard to Maximilian, whom he characterized as "Napoleon's hired assassin," and whose tragic death he did not condemn, since it should "serve as a lesson to future invaders of unoffending republics, and teach the monarchs of the Old World to respect the liberties of the New." 172 THE CHAPTER 6 The Franco-Prussian War HE reign of Napoleon III drew toward the end. Observers on the continent and in the United States recognized the insecurity of the Empire, recognized that the flame of its brilliance flickered. Yet none might guess how soon it would be spent. The Napoleonic tradition shielded absolutism. The material prosperity of France mocked at criticism. Administrative concessions served to placate democratic instincts, and the Imperial rule was endorsed in a plebiscite by an overwhelming majority. American sentiment remained suspicious and critical. John Hay, then Secretary of the American Legation in Paris, wrote in his diary, August, 1865, burning verses expressing his aversion and scorn. "The Charlatan whom the Frenchmen loathe And the cockneys all admire. Afraid to fight and afraid to fly He cowers in an abject shiver; -The people will come to their own at last,- His description of Napoleon is singularly vivid. |