the Kamschatkadales, appear to be of one family, inhabiting the northern frigid zone.

Vast regions, dreary, bleak, and bare!
There, on an icy mountain's height,
Seen only by the moon's pale light,
Stern Winter rears his giant form,
His robe a mist, his voice a storm;
His frown the shivering nations fly,

And, hid for half the year, in smoky caverns lie.-SCOTT. ICE MOUNTAINS, &c. OF THE FRIGID ZONE.

315. No inhabited land has yet been discovered in the southern frigid zone; but the climate and habits of living, the effect of climate, render all the inhabitants of the northern frigid zone of a deep brown colour approaching to blackness. Their statures are shrunk by cold to a diminutive size; and their countenances are as hideous, as their manners are savage.

316. Their usual height is four feet, and the tallest are not above five feet; their voices are thin and squeaking; their heads large; their cheek-bones high; their eye-lids drawn aside; their mouths large; and their lips thick, and turned outward.

Obs. Yet, they account themselves the handsomest and most civilized people in the world; and the Greenlanders, when they compliment a stranger, say, He is almost as well bred as a Greenlander.

The following is Dryden's description of the Polar regions:

The sun from far peeps with a sickly face,
Too weak, the clouds and mighty fogs to chase;
Swift rivers are with sudden ice constrained;
And studded wheels are on their back sustained-
The brazen caldrons with the frost are flaw'd;
The garment stiff with ice at hearths is thaw'd.
With axes first they cleave the wine; and thence
By weight, the solid potions they dispense.
From locks uncomb'd, and from the frozen beard,
Long icicles depend, and crackling sounds are heard.
Meantime perpetual sleet and driving snow,
Obscure the skies, and hang on herds below.
The starving cattle perish in their stalls,
Huge oxen stand inclos'd in wint'ry walls

Of snow conceal'd; whole herds are buried there ;-
Of mighty stags, and scarce their horns appear.
The dextrous huntsman wounds not these afar
With shafts or darts, or makes a distant war
With dogs, or pitches toils to stop their flight;
But close engages in unequal fight;

And while they strive in vain, to make their way
Through hills of snow, and pitifully bray;
Assaults with dint of sword, or pointed spears,
And homeward on his back the burthen bears,
The men to subterranean caves retire,

Secure from cold, and crowd the cheerful fire:
With trunks of elms and oaks the hearth they load,
Nor tempt th' inclemency of heav'n abroad."

Their jovial nights in frolic and in play

They pass, to drive the tedious hours away.

317. Their food consists of dried fish, and the flesh of bears, rein-deer and other wild animals. Their drink is water, or train-oil as a luxury, when they can get it.

Obs.--Two inhabitants of Nova Zembla were brought to Copenhagen a few years ago and they pined for want, till they met with some train-oil, which they drank with the same relish as we would drink chocolate or wine and they danced in ecstacy, when they found they were to be sent back to their own country.

318. The next variety of the human species are the Tartars, the Chinese, and the Japanese, who inhabit all that vast space of Asia from the great Ocean to

the Caspian Sea. They have broad foreheads and narrow chins, small sunk eyes, high cheek-bones, short and flat noses, large and separated teeth, short set statures, and olive complexions.

319. The Tartars have no settled habitation; but wander from place to place, and live with their horses and herds under tents covered with hides. The Chinese are the most numerous people in the world, inhabit the finest climate, and cultivate, with success, all the arts and sciences.

The Japanese inhabit certain large islands, and are not inferior to the Chinese in industry and ingenuity; but wisely allow little or no intercourse with meddling foreigners.

320. Another distinct family of the human race, are the black and swarthy inhabitants of India, and of the islands of the Indian Ocean. They have European features, long black straight hair, and slender shapes. Their manners are effeminate; but their dresses and houses are very elegant.

Many millions of them, called Gentoos, never eat flesh, or any thing that has lived; but subsist chiefly on rice and fruits, and enjoy health, strength and long life.

321. The peaceable habits of the Hindoos have, in all ages, rendered them a prey to foreign invaders.— The Tartars have frequently invaded and plundered them.

Latterly, the European nations, particularly the English, have established themselves among them; but though they have sometimes committed excesses, yet they are happily introducing among the natives, the arts, philosophy, and the religion of Europe.

322. The fourth variety of the human species, and the most remarkable of the whole are the Negroes of Africa. Their black colour, their woolly heads, their flat noses, and thick lips, are well known among us. For many ages an infamous and most shocking

traffic was carried on in these poor people, who were torn from their country to work in the sugar-plantations of the West Indies; but, happily, the slave-trade carried on by American and British merchants, has been abolished. There is also now a prospect that other nations, particularly the Spanish and Portuguese, through the intervention of Great Britain, will shortly abolish this nefarious trade.

323. These simple people inhabit all the coasts and interior of Africa between the tropics, and have been retained in a barbarous state by the effects of the slavetrade; which induced their tribes and nations to make war upon each other, for the purpose of stealing the people, and selling them for slaves to Europeans.

324. The next distinct family of men, are the native American Indians, spread in small tribes over the whole of that vast continent. They are of a dark copper-colour, have black hair, and small black eyes, high cheek-bones, and frequently flat noses.

As the Europeans advance, the natives retire, and form the inhabitants of what are called-the Back Settlements.

325. The sixth variety, or the European race, are the English, the French, the Germans, Italians, Spaniards, and other modern nations. These had their

origin partly from the Scandinavians, (Swedes and Goths,) characterised by light hair and blue eyes; and from the Celts, distinguished by black eyes and black hair.

The Swedes, English, Irish, Scotch, and Germans, are very fair; but the Italians, French, and Spaniards, are swarthy.