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be approved and admitted, in the usual form, by the government to whom it may be sent; and any of the contracting parties can except from the residence of consuls such particular parts as either of them may think proper to except.

XI. For the better security of commerce between the citizens of Colombia and the subjects of his Britannic Majesty, it has been agreed that if at any time any interruption of their amicable commercial intercourse should unfortunately take place, or in case of any rupture happening between the two contracting parties, the citizens or subjects of either of the two contracting parties, resident in the territories or dominions of the other, shall have the privilege of remaining or continuing their traffic there, without any kind of interruption, so long as they shall conduct themselves peaceably, and shall not commit any offence against the laws; and such of their effects and property as may be already confided to private individuals, or to the state, shall not be subject to seizure or sequestration, or to any other demands other than what are made upon similar effects or property belonging to the citizens or subjects of the state in which they may reside.

XII. The citizens of Colombia shall enjoy throughout all the dominions of his Britannic Majesty, a perfect and unlimited liberty of conscience, and the exercise of their religion publicly, or privately in their own houses, or in the chapels or places of worship destined for that purpose, conformably to the system of toleration established throughout the dominions of his Britannic Majesty. In like man

ner the subjects of his Britannic Majesty, resident in the territories of Colombia, shall enjoy the most perfect and entire liberty of conscience, without being in any manner exposed to be molested, disquieted, or disturbed, on account of their religious belief, nor in the free exercise of their religion, provided it be performed in their private houses, and with the reverence due to the divine worship, respecting the laws, usages, and customs established. The subjects of his Britannic Majesty shall also have liberty of interment for such of them as die in the said territories of Colombia, in such places as they may deem fit and proper to establish for such purpose, with the consent of the local authorities; and the funerals or burial-places of the dead shall not be violated in any manner, nor on any pretext.

XIII. The government of Colombia engages to co-operate with his Britannic Majesty to obtain the total abolition of the slavetrade, and to prohibit in the most effectual manner all persons inhabiting the territories of Colombia from taking any part in such traffic.

XIV. And inasmuch as it is convenient and necessary to facilitate to the utmost a mutual good understanding between the two contracting parties, and to remove beforehand every kind of difficulty, and that other articles may be proposed and added to the present treaty, which, for the want of time and the pressure of circumstances, cannot now be drawn up with the proper precision, it has been agreed, and is hereby agreed, on the part of both powers, that they shall mutually endeavour, with the least

possible

possible delay, to treat and agree upon the articles that may be found wanting in this treaty, and which may be judged mutually advantageous; and such articles, when they are agreed upon and duly ratified, shall form part of the present treaty of alliance, commerce, and navigation.

XV. The present treaty of alliance, commerce, and navigation, shall be ratified by the president or vice-president intrusted with the executive power of the republic of Colombia, with the consent and approbation of the congress of the same, and by his Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; and the ratifications shall be exchanged in London within six months from the present day, or sooner if possible.

In testimony of which the respective plenipotentiaries have mutually signed and sealed these presents.

Given in the city of Bogota, the 18th day of the month of April, in the year of our Lord, one thousand eight hundred and twenty-five.

PEDRO GUAL.

PEDRO BRICENO MENDEZ. JOHN POTTER HAMILTON. PATRICK CAMPBELL.

Additional Article.- Inasmuch as in the present state of the Colombian marine, it would not be possible for any Colombian to take the benefit of the reciprocity established in the fifth, sixth, and seventh articles of the treaty signed this day, if that part which stipulates that in order to be considered as a Colombian vessel, the vessel must have been really built in Colombia, it has been agreed 1825.

that for the space of seven years, reckoned from the date of the ratification of this treaty, all vessels, wherever they may have been built, that are bona fide the property of one or more of the citizens of Colombia, and whose captain and three-fourth parts of the mariners, at the least, are also Colombian citizens, except in those cases especially provided for by law, shall be considered as Colombian vessels, his Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland reserving to himself the right, at the end of the said term of seven years, to enforce the principle of mutual restriction stipulated in the seventh article above referred to, if the interests of the British shipping should be injured by the present exception of that reciprocity in favour of Colombian vessels.

The present additional article shall have the same force and validity as if it had been inserted, word for word, in the treaty signed this day it shall be ratified, and the ratifications exchanged at the same time.

In faith of which the respective plenipotentiaries have severally signed and put their seals to it.

Given in the city of Bogota, the 18th day of the month of April, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and twenty-five.

(Signed as above.)

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of February, by Don Manuel Jose Garcia, plenipotentiary of the United Provinces of Rio de la Plata, and Mr. Woodbine Parish, plenipotentiary of his Britannic Majesty, the following is a true copy of the same.

An extensive commerce having existed for many years between the dominions of his Britannic Majesty and the united provinces of Rio de la Plata, it seems advisable, for the safety and promotion of the said commerce, and the consolidation of good understanding between his Majesty and the said provinces, that these existing relations should be formally recognized and confirmed by a treaty of friendship and navigation. With this view, they have named for their respective plenipotentiaries, viz. his Majesty the King of Great Britain, Mr. Woodbine Parish, his Majesty's consulgeneral at Buenos-Ayres; and the United Provinces, Don M. Jose Garcia, minister for foreign affairs, &c. who, having exchanged their full powers, have agreed on the following articles:

I. Stipulates perpetual friendship between the dominions and subjects of the two parties.

II. Reciprocal freedom of trade, on the same footing as any other foreign subjects.

! III. His Britannic Majesty agrees that in all his dominions in Europe, and other parts of the world the inhabitants of the United Provinces shall enjoy the freedom of trade stipulated in the preceding articles, to the whole extent that it is now permitted, or may be permitted in future, to any other -nation.

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be subjected, in the dominions of the other, to higher duties than similar articles from other foreign countries; nor shall any prohibition to export or import any articles of produce or manufacture, from or into the respective dominions, be imposed, unless such prohibition include the same articles of other countries.

V. Vessels of above 120 tons of either party shall not pay any tonnage, light-house, pilotage, salvage, or other local duty, in any of the ports of the other party, higher than the national vessels of the country to which the port belongs.

VI. Articles of the produce or manufacture of either party shall pay the import duties in the ports of the other, whether they are imported in the ships of Great Britain or of the United Provinces; and the same bounties, allowances, and drawbacks shall be paid on the exportation of such articles of produce or manufacture from either country, whether exported in British ships or those of the United Provinces.

VII. To prevent misunderstandings, it is stipulated that all ships built in his Majesty's dominions, which are owned, manned, and registered according to the laws of Great Britain, shall be considered as British ships; and that all vessels built in the territories of the said provinces, duly registered, owned by citizens of the same provinces, or of any one of them, whose captain and threefourths of the crew are citizens of the said provinces, shall be considered as vessels of the United Provinces.

IV. No article of the produce: VIII. Every merchant, comor manufacture of either party shall mander of a ship, and other sub

jects

jects of his Britannic Majesty, shall enjoy, in all the territories of the United Provinces, the same liberty as the natives to manage his own affairs, to confide them to whoever he pleases as his factor, agent, or interpreter, without being obliged to employ or pay for that purpose any persons whatever, unless he thinks fit to employ them; the buyer and seller to have at all times full liberty to contract and fix at their pleasure the price of all effects, merchandise, &c. imported into or exported from the said United Provinces.

IX. In all points relative to the unloading of vessels, the security of merchandise and effects, the disposal of property of every description by sale, donation, exchange, or other mode whatsoever, as well as to the administration of justice, the subjects of the contracting parties shall enjoy respectively in the dominions of each other the same rights, privileges, and franchises, as those of the most favoured nations. They shall not pay higher duties in taxes than the subjects of the state in which they reside; they shall be exempt from all military service whatever, either by sea or land, from all forced loans, exactions, or military requisition; nor shall they be obliged to pay any ordinary contributions under any pretext greater than the natural subjects and citizens of the other party.

X. Each of the parties may appoint consuls as usual, who shall not exercise their functions till duly approved by the government to which they are sent, and either party may except to the residence of consuls in such particular places as it may please to except.

XI. For the greater security of commerce between the subjects of the contracting parties, it is stipulated that in case of any unfortunate interruption of the amicable relations of commerce, or a breach between the two parties, the subjects and citizens of each residing in the dominions of the other shall have the privilege of remaining and continuing their trade, without any interruption, so long as they behave peaceably, and do not in any way offend the laws; and their effects and property, whether confided to individuals or to the state, shall not be subject to embargo or sequestration.

XII. The subjects of his Britannic Majesty, residing in the United Provinces of Rio de la Plata, shall not be disturbed, persecuted, or molested on account of their religion, but they shall enjoy a perfect liberty of conscience in them, celebrating divine worship in their own houses, or in their own particular churches or chapels, which they shall be authorized to build and maintain in convenient situ ations, which shall be approved of by the government of the said United Provinces; it shall also be permitted to bury the subjects of his Britannic Majesty, who shall die in the country of the United Provinces, in their own cemeteries, which they may in like manner form and maintain there. On the other hand, the subjects of the said United Provinces shall enjoy in all the dominions of his Britannic Majesty, a perfect and unlimited freedom of conscience, and the exercise of their religion, public or private, in the houses where they reside, or in the chapels and religious houses destined for that purpose, conformably to the sys

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tem of toleration established in his Majesty's dominions.

XIII. The subjects of his Britannic Majesty residing in the United Provinces may freely dispose of their property of every description in whatever form they please, or by will, as they think fit; and if a British subject should die in the United Provinces without a will or disposition of his property, his Majesty's consul-general, or, in his absence, his representative, shall be authorized to appoint guardians, who shall take care of the property for the lawful heirs and creditors, without any interference, giving notice to the authorities of the country, and reciprocally.

XIV. His Britannic Majesty, anxiously desiring the abolition of the slave-trade, the United Provinces of Rio de la Plata engage to co-operate with his Majesty in accomplishing so beneficial a work; and to prohibit all persons residing in the United Provinces, or subject to their jurisdiction, in the most effectual manner, and by the

most solemn laws, from taking any

part in the said traffic.

XV. The above treaty shall be ratified, and the ratification exchanged in four months, or sooner, if possible.

In testimony whereof the said plenipotentiaries have hereunto set their hands and seals.

Done at Buenos Ayres, the 2d of February, in the year of our Lord 1825. (L.S.) (L.S.)

M. J. GARCIA.
WOODBINE PARISH.

We, Juan Gregorio de las Helas, captain-general and governor of the province of Buenos Ayres, charged with the supreme execu

tive power of the United Provinces of Rio de la Plata, now assembled in congress, having, in conformity with the fundamental law of the 23d of January, 1825, communicated the said treaty to the constituent congress for its assent, and having obtained its full powers and approbation to ratify and confirm the said treaty, by this present act we ratify and confirm it in due form, promising and engaging, in the name of the said United Provinces, that all the stipulations and obligations in the same shall be sacredly and inviolably fulfilled.

In testimony whereof, we sign with our hand the present instrument of ratification, and have caused it to be attested by our minister of war and marine, solemnly sealing it with the national seal at Buenos Ayres, the 19th of February, in the year of our Lord 1825.

JUAN GREGORIO DE LAS HELAS.
FRANCISCO De la Cruz.

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