Looking east from Crown Point Fort to Chimney Point. Crown Point Light on the right. Ruins of Old French Fort St. Frederick on the left.

Fort St. Frederick, begun by the French in 1731, enlarged and strengthened later, and destroyed by them in 1759.

Lake Champlain and the guns at whose bidding General Howe was to evacuate Boston the next spring had been captured in their name by a band of backwoodsmen under the command of New York outlaws. The next day Crown Point was captured by a force under Capt. Seth Warner.

2. Americans Possess Lake Champlain.The Green Mountain Boys would not have Col. Arnold for their commander, but he accompanied them and entered the fort at Allen's side. A few days later Allen and Arnold formed a plan for the capture of a British vessel at St. Johns. They had gained possession of a schooner and several bateaux. With these and such a force as they could carry, the expedition was made. Allen commanded the bateaux; Arnold, the schooner. A favoring wind soon enabled Arnold to outsail Allen. He captured the vessel and returning by the help of a changed wind, met Allen, who insisted on attempting to take St. Johns; but his force proved to be insufficient, and the whole party returned to Ticonderoga, By the capture of this vessel the Americans obtained control of the whole lake.

3. Warner's First Regiment.-As soon as practicable after their capture a force was sent from Connecticut to occupy the forts at Ticonderoga and Crown Point, and the Green Mountain Boys were discharged. Allen and others sought service for the colonies under the authority of New York, but as no reply was received Allen and Warner went to Philadelphia and laid their case before the Continental Congress. The Congress voted to pay the Green Mountain Boys for their service at Ticonderoga and recommended to the colony of New York to authorize the formation of a regiment on the New Hampshire Grants under officers of their own choice. With this recommendation and a letter from the president of Congress, Allen and Warner went to

New York, the residence of their most bitter enemies, and appeared before the provincial congress then in session there, asking leave to form a regiment according to the advice of the Continental Congress. The regiment was at length formed and Seth Warner was chosen commander.

4. Invasion of Canada.-In the early autumn an army was sent into Canada under the immediate command of General Montgomery, and Warner's regiment made a part of it. While the main army was besieging St. Johns, Colonel Ethan Allen and Major John Brown, who went to Canada with Peleg Sunderland for a guide the spring before, were sent, each with a small force, to arouse the Canadians for the American cause. Both were in the vicinity of Montreal, which was but slightly protected, and they formed a plan for its capture. They were to cross to the island in the night of Sept 4, and to attack the town from opposite sides at dawn. Allen crossed over at the time appointed, but Brown did not appear; and Allen, having but a small force, was taken prisoner after a severe conflict and was sent to England. Afterwards he was sent to New York and was exchanged in May, 1778.

Warner's regiment did good service, near Montreal and at the mouth of the Richelieu River, during the siege of St. Johns and until the capture of Montreal by Gen. Montgomery, soon after which it was honorably discharged from the service. After he had secured Montreal, Montgomery proceeded to Quebec, where he joined Col. Arnold, who with great difficulty had marched through the wilderness of Maine. An attempt to take Quebec by storm on the last night of the year resulted in a disastrous defeat of the Americans and in the loss of General Montgomery killed and of Col. Arnold wounded. The command of the defeated army

devolved upon Gen. Wooster of Connecticut, who, by personal letter, asked Warner to raise a Green Mountain corps and come to his assistance. Warner and his friends responded promptly and were of great service, especially in protecting the rear of the retreating army which reached Ticonderoga in June. Again Warner and his men were discharged.

5. A Continental Regiment.--The day after the adoption of the Declaration of Independence, Congress resolved to organize under its own authority a regiment of regular troops under officers who had served in Canada. Warner was made commander of the regiment and the other officers were mostly men of the New Hampshire Grants who had served with him before. The regiment was continued with Warner in command till 1781.

6. On Lake Champlain, 1776.-For several months of 1776, there was a navy-yard at each end of Lake Champlain. The British under Gen. Carleton at St. Johns and the Americans under Gen. Arnold at Skenesboro were making every effort to build and equip a fleet with which to control the lake. Arnold moved toward his enemy first, but the British fleet was the stronger. In a severe battle, fought October 11, between Valcour Island and the New York shore, Arnold's fleet was severely crippled. During the night in the darkness he sailed away to the south without attracting the enemy's attention. Pursuit began as soon as Arnold's escape was known to the enemy. Soon the British sighted a vessel through the dim twilight and fired upon it. Their two largest ships poured broadsides into it until the increasing light showed them that the rock since known as Carleton's prize, was receiving no damage. Arnold was moving south as fast as he could. The British over

took the American vessels and Arnold fought them with a part of his ships while the rest were making their way toward Ticonderoga. At last finding himself quite overpowered he ran his ships aground near the mouth of Otter Creek and set them on fire, escaping with his men to the shore. Gen. Carleton took possession of Crown Point and threatened Ticonderoga. Gen. Gates, commander of the American forces at Ticonderoga, called on the militia for assistance. The New Hampshire Grants furnished two regiments that a few weeks later, after General Carleton had retired to Canada, were dismissed with honor by Gen. Gates.

7. Campaign of 1777.-In 1775, the Americans drove the British from Lake Champlain, captured Montreal and besieged Quebec. The next year the Americans were driven from Canada and up the lake to Ticonderoga. For the campaign of 1777, the British had planned the recovery of the Champlain-Hudson valley and the establishment of a line of posts from the St. Lawrence River to the New York Bay, by which the confederate colonies would be divided and

coöperation between. the New England. colonies and those beyond the Hudson River would be prevented. To this end an army of more than seven thousand veteran troops, the best that Europe. could furnish, with Indians, Canadians and Tories enough to make up the num