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In this plan, however strange the asser tion, or, rather, however notorious the fact may be, that the spire steeple of St. Paul's was never rebuilt after the accident of 1561; yet it plainly appears: we should, therefore (could we trace the smallest record to bear us out in the conjecture, as it is so often alluded to by the writers at the beginning of the seventeenth century), suggest, that a temporary wooden spire was actually erected; but of this not the least authentic document is to be found. In the print of St. Paul's in flames, 1666 (which will be given in the next number), the fabric is spireless; which we have no doubt was the real state of it. This seems in some respects to have been considered by the Puritans as a compliment to them; at least it is certain that they thwarted and opposed the building of steeple-houses; and it is said, that in their sermons they pretty broadly hinted, that the accident at Paul's augured the downfal of the establishment, which was in the course of the next century fully verified. The poets of the times, on the contrary, equally discerning, and dreading the influence of opinions which in their zenith became subversive of law, order, and religion, took every opportunity to oppose the spread of ignorance and its concomitant anarchy, and by ridicule and admonition to apprise and warn the government of the impending danger, an instance of which now lies before us. Randolph, in his comedy of the Muses' Looking Glass, evidently written at once to ridicule and reform the Puritans, has introduced two characters; the one BANAUsus, who is represented as ostentatious and vain-gloriously expensive; the other, MICROPREPES, who is in public works equally sordid and penurious: the latter (and we take this satire to be levelled at the parsimony of the times with respect to the metropolitan cathedral) says,

"I am churchwarden, and we are this year To build our steeple up; now to save charges, I'll get a high-crown'd hat with five low bells, To make a peal shall serve as well as Bow." Europ. Mag. Vol. LII. Aug. 1807.

that in the course of thirty-seven years a considerable number of houses had accumulated round St. Paul's: whether they were all encroachments we shall not pretend to determine; though we believe that we shall risk little in the assertion that many of them were, as they did not, as now, encircle the church, and form a regular, though certainly, if we consider the august size and exquisite beauty of the building, too contiguous a boundary, but were dispersed in clumps over the ceme tery, and interspersed with trees, or else adhered closely to, and seemed to form

a part of the fabric. These were un questionably encroachments, and, what was much worse, as we have already in a small degree seen, encroachments lit

To this Colar (the flatterer) replies,

"'Tis wisely cast, and like a careful steward of the church,

Of which the steeple is no part, at least, ub necessary part."

Bird (the Puritan). "Verily, it is true, They are but wicked synagogues, wherein

those instruments

Of superstition and idolatry ring,
Warning to sin, and chime all in to the devil."

Banausus then displays the magnificent ideas afloat in the minds of a few zealous pro

testants.

"And cause there be such swarmes of heresics rising,

I'le have an artist frame two wonderous weathercocks

Of gold to set on Paul's and Grantham steeple,

To shew to all the kingdom what fashion next The wind of humour hither means to blow."

The pulpit, which was deemed by far too mean for the church, does not escape the observation of the poet. MICROPRÉPES says,

"A wicker chair will fit them for a PULPIT." Colax. "It is the doctrine, Sir, that you respect."

Flowerdew (another Puritan). "In sooth, I have heard as wholesome instructions From a zealous wicker chair as c'er I did From the care'd idol of wainscot,"

In another part of the same scene, the erection of a pair of organs in the great cathedral church at Hog's Norton is proposed. The organs at Paul's and other churches had, by the Puritans, been declaimed against as popish and antichristian: the use that was made of them will be mentioned in a subsequent number. Bird calls them Babylonian bagpipes.

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On the north-east side of the church, Christopher Kendal and Widow Lownds had honses, whose cellars and a warehouse were vaults of the church; the entrance a window converted into a door. John Howe, verger, represented that the shroudes and cloysters under the convocation howse (where not long since sermons in foule weather were wont to be preached, and, according to the venerable Bishop Latimer, a terrible foul smell used to

be experienced f) are made a common lay

stall for boardes, trunks, &c. being let out to trunk-makers, where, by means of their daily knocking and noise the church is greatly 'disturbed." The house of Thomas China stood against the church. Mr. China had a closet in one of the rooms, four feet in height, two in depth, and two in width, which was literally dug in the wall. This might have been termed a china closet.

His words were, "I think verily many a man taketh his death in Paul's Church yard; this I speak of experience; for I myself, when I have been there some mornings to hear the sermons, have felt such an ill-favored unwholesome savour, that I was worse for it a great while after; and I think

no less, but that it is the occasion of great sicknesses and diseases." The shrowdes, as they were termed, were a covered place on the side of the church, by which, in bad weather, the congregation assembled at Paul's Cross were in some degree protected from the inclemency of the weather; but as they stood upon the loose earth of frequently new made graves, as the bishop says, the smell must have been intolerable.

This is a curious notice of a profession that has made a considerable noise, not only in the metropolis, but has been celebrated in all parts of the world; for it was a standing oast with British sailors of a Saturday night, after their wives and sweethearts had been given, to drink "the TRUNK-MAKER at the corner of St. Paul's." How the TRUNK MAKFR became such a favourite in our navy, we are yet to learn. We know that he has been immortalised by Addison as a theatrical eutic; and it is probable that the toast might have been introduced by Dogget, in the FAIR QUAKER OF DIAL; a piece which was, from the time of its first exhibition, the darLng of the sailors, who might have caught the sentiment from their favourite representative. There are at present two trunk-makers at the corners of St. Paul's, in Cheapside; and unquestionably in ancient times many more were in its vicinity: but we believe the British fars, in their cups, meant to commemorate alear ancient friend CLEMENTS, who, for what reason we do not pretend to guess, was called the original trunk-maker,

When the liberty of ST. MARTIN'S LE GRAND, curtailed of the power of protecting the enormities which its boundaries had for ages nurtured, had become not only reformed in religion but in morality, a great number of its inhabitants, who had long endeavoured to obtain an honest livelihood by administering to the vices of the younger class of citizens and others, removed still nearer PAUL'S; and it is said, the consecrated ground of its immediate vicinity became the site of gaminghouses, or, as they were termed, gaming ordinaries, and of other houses, which have, or rather had, for we think the term is almost obsolete, obtained the appellation of bagnios.

We are at this period to contemplate the cathedral of St. Paul, in a state of very considerable, though not that complete degradation to which it afterward became liable; and it has often been a subject of wonder, that Queen Elizabeth, whose visit to it must (even supposing that the church itself was puritied from the filth, &c.) have made her acquainted with the encroachments, and, generally speaking, its state with respect to the decorum observed in it, and the morality of its neighbours, did not, in these particulars, take some measures for its reformation. It would carry

Among these, we learn from Beaumont and Fletcher, that NETTLETON's and ANTHONIE's ordinaries were the principal.

In Dugdale's History of St. Paul's Ca. thedral, occurs an epitaph for Robert Braybrook, bishop of London :-Orate pro animá, &c. In a copy of this work which formerly belonged to Lord Colerain, and is now in the Harleian library, toward the end of it is a manuscript note, of which we shall quote a part, because it shows the state of the said cathedral in the time of the good bishop. "For the further reviving or preservation of the memory of Bishop Braybrook I shall add this, that I suppose him descended from Henry Braybrook, a judge of assize temp. Henry III. He was consecrated Jan. 5, 1581; was esteemed a very zealous and devout pillar of the church, as appears by seve ral acts of his at lus visitation, viz. in his enjoining chantries for the better performing divine service, &c, and that none, on pain of excommunication, should bury in the cathe dral, or defile so much as the church-yard with excrements; so that perhaps it was he that caused this verse to be set on the walls near the cathedral door,

Hic locus est sacer; kie-nulli mingere fas est.

ing, whither most of your courtly gal lants do resort, let it be your use to repaire thither, some halfe an houre after eleven, for then you shall find most of your fashion-mongers planted in the roome waiting for meate; ride thither upon your galloway nag or your Spanish jennet a swift ambling pace in your hose and doublet (gilt rapier and

thought, or, to express ourselves more correctly, of genius, which has, in different ages, stimulated men to the same pursuits, and produced works, the ideas of which are in a considerable degree similar. Swift has been allowed to possess as much originality as any modern writer, for we do not upon this occa

ric prose has been thought to display a pithi-` ness peculiarly its own, which we are certainly irony, he is generally believed to have been not prepared to dispute; and with respect to the father of it. But upon this subject it is best to hear what he says of himself.

bs much too far beyond the limits of our subject, were we to attempt accurately to inquire into the religious principles of the queen, or to assign any other reason for the neglect and disornamenting of churches, of which in this reign there are many instances, except those that are to be gathered from the prevalence of meeting-house doctrines, and the desire of at least some members of her administration to obtain popularity by complimenting a rising party. Be this as it may, the indecorums and enormities both within and without St. Paul's continued long after her death, and were indeed succeeded by still greater enormities, to which we shall in the sequel have occasion to allude. Considering the church-sion mean to allude to the ancien. His satiyard of this national edifice as the emporium of gayety, gallantry, and their concomitants, idleness and profligacy, which have, in the course of years that have elapsed since the reigns of Elizabeth and James, travelled westward, and settled first in the Black and White Friars, then in Covent-garden and in its vicinity, and for the present rested in Boudstreet, it becomes a necessary appendage to the moral purposes of this work to contemplate the manners of the juvenile class of metropolitans; and this cannot perhaps be better done than by is not only the circumstance of using a mode viewing one of them at one of the houses, which, as we have before observed, had obtained the appellation of ORDINARIES, because in those places, devoted to relaxation, the human mind was unbent, and free scope, as we apprehend, was given to the human sions and propensities: we shall therefore, from a work of very considerable humour, and consequently entertainment, entitled,

"THE GULS HORNE-BOOKE
Stultorum plena sunt omnia
Al Savio mena parola Bastar
By T Dekker

pas

Printed at London, for R S. 1609." quote part of the chapter in which the author instructs a young gallant how he should behave himself in an ordinary.

"CHAP. 5.

"First having diligently enquired out an ordinary of the largest reckon

It is a pleasing speculation to contemplate and to compare that coincidence of

"Arbuthnot is no more my friend,
Who dares to IRONY pretend,
Which I was born to introduce;
Refin'd it first, and shew'd its use."

Yet that IRONY was known and practised
long before the birth of Swift, the chapter
above quoted is a proof, to which, were it
necessary, we could add many other. But it

of writing in which the meaning is contrary to the words, that a coincidence is to be ob

served betwixt Dekker and the Dean, but in the ideas and arrangement of the matter. This is particularly apparent in "THE GULS HORNE-BOOKE' of the former, and the "DIRECTIONS TO SERVANTS" of the latter.

They both proceed upon the same principle: the first instructs the young gallant how he shall behave at the play, the ordinary, &c. and the second, more diffusive certainly, as the nature of his subject obliged hun to be, directs his introductory rules to servants in general, and then to each in his or her individual capacity; yet both pursue the same end, reprobation of vice and folly, by the same means, ridicule reflected through the medium of instruction: both hold the mirror up to nature, and shew to parents, guardians, mas-, ters, &c. all the different shades of relative and domestic deformities. Whether Swift, whose reading had, we think, been pretty desultory, had ever seen the work of Dekker, of which we have quoted part of a chapter, it is now impossible to say; but certainly if he had not, the coincidence upon which we have observed is extremely singular. If he had, his originality with respect to his "Direc tions to Servants" we must, without attempting to detract from its merit, observe, is less than has been generally estimated,

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