TITLE III Attachment of property. Article 1. Cases where a warrant of attachment may be granted; and proceedings upon granting the same. 2. Executing the warrant, pending the action. 3. Vacating or modifying the warrant; discharging the attachment. 5. Proceedings after judgment; right of parties and duties of the ARTICLE FIRST. Cases where a warrant of attachment may be granted; and proceedings upon granting the same. Sec. 635. In what actions. 636. What must be shown to procure the warrant. 637. Warrant in action against public officer, etc., for peculation. 639. Affidavits to be filed. 640. Security on obtaining warrant. 641. Contents of warrant; to whom directed. 642. Validity of undertaking. § 635. [Am'd, 1895, 1916.] In what actions. or A warrant of attachment against the property of one more defendants in an action, may be granted upon the application of the plaintiff, as specified in the next section, where the action is to recover a sum of money only, as damages for one or more of the following causes: 1. Breach of contract, express or implied, other than a contract to marry. 2. Wrongful conversion of personal property. 3. An injury to person or property, in consequence of negli gence, fraud or other wrongful act. 4. A wrongful act, neglect or default by which the decedent's death was caused, when the cause of action arose in this state before or after the passage of this act and the action is brought by an executor or administrator against a natural person who, or a corporation which, would have been liable to an action in favor of the decedent by reason thereof if death had not ensued as prescribed by section nineteen hundred and two of this act. Am'd by L. 1895, ch. 578; L. 1916, ch. 441, in effect May 9, 1916. § 636. [Am'd, 1895, 1899.] What must be shown to procure the warrant. To entitle the plaintiff to such a warrant, he must show, by affidavit, to the satisfaction of the judge granting the same, as follows: 1. That one of the causes of action specified in the last section exists against the defendant. If the action is to recover damages for breach of contract, the affidavit must show that the plaintiff is entitled to recover a sum stated therein, over and above all counterclaims known to him. 2. That the defendant is either a foreign corporation or not a resident of the state; or, if he is a natural person and a resident of the state, that he has departed therefrom, with intent to de fraud his creditors, or to avoid the service of a summons, or keeps himself concealed therein with the like intent; or, if the defendant is a natural person or a domestic corporation, that he or it has removed, or is about to remove, property from the state with intent to defraud his or its creditors; or has assigned, disposed of, or secreted, or is about to assign, dispose of or secrete property with the like intent; or where, for the purpose of procuring credit, or the extension of credit, the defendant has made a false statement in writing, under his own hand or signature, or under the hand or signature of a duly authorized agent, made with his knowledge and acquiescence as to his financial responsibility or standing; or, where the defendant, being an adult and a resident of the state, has been continuously without the state of New York for more than six months next before the granting of the order of publication of the summons against him, and has not made a designation of a person upon whom to serve a summons in his behalf, as prescribed in section four hundred and thirty of this act; or a designation so made no longer remains in force; or service upon the person so designated cannot be made within the state, after diligent effort. L. 1895, ch. 578; L. 1899, ch. 598, in effect May 16, 1899. § 637. [Am'd, 1894.] Warrant in action against public officer, etc., for peculation. A warrant of attachment, against the property of one or more defendants in an action, may also be granted, upon the application of the plaintiff, where the complaint demands judgment for a sum of money only; and it appears, by affidavit, that the action is brought to recover money, funds, credits, or other property, held or owned by the state, or held or owned, officially or otherwise, for or in behalf of a public governmental interest. by a municipal or other public corporation, board, officer, custodian, agency, or agent, of the state, or of a city, county. town, village, or other division, subdivision, department, or portion of the state, which the defendant has, without right, obtained, received, converted, or disposed of; or in the obtaining, reception. payment, conversion, or disposition of which, without right, he has aided or abetted: or to recover damages for so obtaining, receiving. paying, converting, or disposing of the same; or the aiding or abetting thereof; or in an action in favor of a private person or corporation, brought to recover damages for an injury to personal property where the liability arose, in whole or in part, in consequence of the false statements of the defendant as to his responsibility or credit, in writing, under the hand or signature of the defendant or his authorized agent, made with his knowledge and acquiescence. In order to entitle the plaintiff to a warrant of attachment, in the case specified in this section, he must show, by affidavit, to the satisfaction of the judge granting it, that a sufficient cause of action exists against the defendant for a sum stated in the affidavit. L. 1894, ch. 736. § 638. [Am'd, 1877.] When and by whom the may be granted. warrant The warrant may be granted by a judge of the court, or by any county judge, to accompany the summons, or, at any time after the commencement of the action, and before final judg ment therein. Personal service of the summons must be made upon the defendant, against whose property the warrant is granted, within thirty days after the granting thereof; or else before the expiration of the same time, service of the summons by publication must be commenced, or service thereof must be made without the state, pursuant to an order obtained therefor, as prescribed in this act; and if publication has been, or is thereafter commenced, the serivce must be made complete, by the continuance thereof. Substitute for Co. Proc., § 228, and the latter part of § 227. $$ 435-7, ante. § 639. [Am'd, 1877.] Affidavits to be filed. See The plaintiff procuring the warrant must, within ten days after the granting thereof, cause the affidavits, upon which it was granted, to be filed in the office of the clerk. Co. Proc., last sentence of § 229. § 640. Security on obtaining warrant. The judge, before granting the warrant, must require a written undertaking, on the part of the plaintiff, with sufficient sureties, to the effect, that if the defendant recovers judgment, or if the warrant is vacated, the plaintiff will pay all costs, which may be awarded to the defendant, and all damages, which he may sustain by reason of the attachment, not exceeding the sum specified in the undertaking, which must be at least two hundred and fifty dollars. But this section does not apply to a case, where the action is brought for a cause specified in section 637 of this act, or where it is specially prescribed by law that security may be dispensed with, or where the security to be given is specially regulated by law. Id., § 230, am'd. See § 811, post. 641. Contents of warrant; to whom directed. The warrant must be subscribed by the judge and the plaintiff's attorney, and must briefly recite the ground of the attachment. It may be directed, either to the sheriff of a particular county, or, generally, to the sheriff of any county. It must require the sheriff to attach and safely keep, so much of the property, within his county, which the defendant has, or which he may have, at any time before final judgment in the action, as will satisfy the plaintiff's demand, with costs and expenses. The amount of the plaintiff's demand must be specified in the warrant, as stated in the affidavit. Warrants may be issued at the same time, to sheriffs of different counties. Id., § 231, am'd and enlarged. See ante, § 55. See also Rule 13. § 642. Validity of undertaking. It is not a defence to ap action upon an undertaking, given upon granting a warrant of attachment, that the warrant was granted improperly, for want of jurisdiction, or for any other cause. 135 ARTICLE SECOND. Executing the warrant, pending the action. Sec. 643. [Repealed.] 644. Sheriff must attach property of defendant. 645. What interest in real property may be attached. 646. Attachment of unpaid subscription to foreign corporation. 648. Id.; bond, note, etc. 649. How property to be attached. 650. Certificate of defendant's interest to be furnished. 651. Person refusing certificate may be examined. 652. Rights of owner or master of shipped. vessels by which goods have beep 653. Foregoing section not to apply in certain cases. €55. Sheriff may maintain actions. 656. Perishable goods and animals to be sold. 657. Claim of property; how tried. 658. Proceedings, if claimant succeeds. 658a. Discharge of personal property from attachments. 659. Finding, not to prejudice right of claimant. 660. Proceedings on claim to domestic vessel. 661. Appraisers to be sworn; valuation to be returned. 663. Vessel; when to be discharged. 664. When undertaking to be sued. 665. Defence in such an action; plaintiff's recovery. 667. Notice thereof. 668. Plaintiff to give undertaking with sureties. 669. Vessel; when to be discharged. 670. Terms on which debtor may claim vessel. 671, 672, 673. When vessel to be sold. 674. Sheriff to keep property. 675. Sheriff may be directed to pay money into court. 676. When he may be directed to release or deliver property. 677. Plaintiff may bring action in name of himself and the sheriff. 679. Plaintiff may be joined with sheriff, after action commenced. § 643. [Repealed, 1877.] § 644. Sheriff must attach property of defendant. The sheriff must immediately execute the warrant, by levying upon so much of the personal and real property of the defendant, within his county, not exempt from levy and sale by virtue of an execution, as will satisfy the plaintiff's demand, with the costs and expenses. He must take into his custody all books of account, vouchers, and other papers, relating to the personal property attached, and all evidences of the defendant's title to the real property attached, which he must safely keep, to be disposed of, as prescribed in this title. warrant of attachment is delivered, may levy, from time to The sheriff, to whom a time, and as often as is necessary, until the amount, for which it was issued, has been secured, or final judgment has been rendered in the action, notwithstanding the expiration of his term of office. Co. Proc., part of § 232, and 2 R. S. 4, § 7 (2 Edm. 4), am'd. 4 645. What interest in real property may be attached. The real property, which may be levied upon by virtue of a warrant of attachment, includes any interest in real property, either vested or not vested which is capable of being aliened by the defendant. (See §§ 1-53, 1874.) § 646. Attachment of unpaid subscription to foreign corporation. Under a warrant of attachment against a foreign corporation. other than a corporation created by or under the laws of the United States, the sheriff may levy upon the sum remaining unpaid upon a subscription to the capital stock of the corporation, made by a person within the county; or upon one or more shares of stock therein, held by such a person, or transferred by him, for the purpose of avoiding payment thereof. Substitute for part of L. 1845, ch. 234, § 1 (3 Edm. 680). § 647. [Am'd, 1911.] Interest in shares or bonds. The rights or shares which the defendant has in the stock of an association or corporation, or in a bond negotiable or otherwise, together with the interest and profits thereon, may be levied upon; and the sheriff's certificate of the sale thereof entitles the purchaser to the same rights and privileges, with respect thereto, which the defendant had when they were so attached. Co. Proc., § 234, and final clause of § 237. Am'd by L. 1911, ch. 419, in effect Sept. 1, 1911. § 648. [Am'd, 1877, 1907.] Id.; bond, note, etc. The attachment may also be levied upon a cause of action arising upon contract; including a bond, promissory note, or other instrument for the payment of money only, negotiable or otherwise, whether past due, or yet to become due, executed by a foreign or domestic government, state, county, public officer, association, municipal or other corporation, or by a private person, either within or without the State; which belongs to the defendant, and is found within the county. The levy of the attachment thereupon is deemed a levy upon, and a seizure and attachment of, the debt represented thereby. The attachment may also be levied upon a right or interest, present or future to any of the property or estate of a deceased person which may belong to the defendant and which could be legally assigned by him as legatee or distributee, whether the same exists by reason of the provisions of a last will and testament admitted to probate at the time the attachment is granted, or by operation of the law in case of the intestacy of the deceased. Levy of the attachment thereupon is deemed a levy upon, and a seizure and attachment of, the rights and interests of the defendant at the time of such levy, subject to the rights of the executor, administrator or trustee of such estate to admister the same according to law. Am'd by L. 1907, ch. 318. In effect Sept. 1, 1907. § 649. [Am'd, 1889, 1907.] How property to be attached. A levy under a warrant of attachment must be made as follows: 1. Upon real property, by filing with the clerk of the county, where it is situated, a notice of the attachment, stating the names of the parties to the action, the amount of the plaintiff's claim, as stated in the warrant, and a deser on of the particular property levied upon. The notice must 1 sbscribed by the plaintiff's |