approach of death in a calm and collected manner, and expressing in his last hours his ardent wishes for the welfare of his country.

As a general, Bolivar was distinguished, accomplishing great ends with inadequate means, and confounding his opponents by the rapidity of his movements and the vehemence of his attacks. Repeatedly defeated, his forces scattered, he himself escaping in a remarkable manner; when others despaired he continued to act, and with energies, irrepressible by adversity, he fought on in the great cause he had espoused, until he had expelled the Spanish armies from the American continent, and liberated the new world from the dominion of Spain.

As a statesman, he was not so eminent. His views were liberal, but they were often too enlarged for the sphere in which he moved. The celebrated congress of Panama, which originated in his mind, was well calculated to perpetuate his name in future ages. It aimed to s..L stitute the sway of reason and law to that of force among nations, to reform the code of national law as established in rude and barbarous ages, by introducing the maxims of a more enlightened period, and to protect the independence of the new republics by a combination of their forces. He did not, however, duly estimate the incongruous and discordant materials which were to be assembled in that body, or the difficulties to be overcome before the governments and communities there represented could be brought to lay aside their mutual jealousies, and to come to a cordial agreement on disputed principles of public law. The domestic dissensions which commenced in the republics, under his sway, shortly after this congress was proposed, prevented him from prose

cuting the design, and he did not thus fully realize the difficulties of the task he had undertaken. The congress was never formed, and cares nearer home prevented the project from being resumed. So, too, in his views, respecting the constitution of his own country,seeing it distracted by domestic dissensions, he deemed it necessary to repress them by a strong executive; and he did not properly rate the danger of subjecting the other branches of the government to the will of an individual. The government thus became arbitrary, and freedom was destroyed in the attempt to repress anarchy. In his desire to render Spanish America independent of Spain, he ran too near consolidating the republics of Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia, under one head, and subjecting himself to the charge of being governed in his career by an im moderate personal ambition. He was, however, the true friend of the independence of his country, and her liberator from foreign domination. With a noble disregard of money, he expended a large fortune in the public service; and if his ambitious designs have caused many to accuse him of being the Cæsar of his country, we may with perhaps better reason conclude that he was only prevented from imitating our own Washington, because his countrymen could not be so solely trusted with the government of themselves, as the countrymen of Washington.

His disapprobation of slavery was evinced in the emancipation of nearly 1000 slaves, belonging to his patrimonial estate; and his refusal of a crown when tendered by General Paez, demonstrated that in his aspirations after power, he did not seek to gratify his ambition through a monarchical form of government.

THE COUNTESS DE GENLIS. 1830. Dec. 31. At Paris, aged 84, the Countess de Genlis. The paternal name of this extraordinary woman was St. Aubin, and she was born near Autim. She inherited no fortune, but being of noble family, was received at the age of four years as Canoness of the noble Chapter of Aix; and after that time, was called La Comtesse de Lancy. As she grew up she was distinguished for her general talents and accomplishments, and a handsome person. These quali fications soon obtained her admission into the best society. Chance appeared to decide her lot in marriage. A letter which she had written to one of her acquaintances, fell into the hands of the Count de Genlis, who was so charmed with the style, that he aspired to acquaintance with, and afterwards became the husband of, the fair writer, when she was only in the seventeenth year of her age. By means of this union, Madame de Genlis had access to the family of the Duke of Orleans, whose son, then Duke de Chartres, had a rising family, which he determined to place under her care for their instruction this scheme was put in practice in 1782.

see a religious work proceed from the Palais Royal, the object of which was to prove that religion is the basis of all happiness and all philosophy. This work was, however, properly speaking, only edited by the accomplished Countess, and the Abbés Lamourette and Gouchat contributed largely to the materials.

When the Austrians reconquered Flanders, Madame de Genlis withdrew with her pupil to Switzerland, and wished to settle at Lug, where they were joined by the Duke de Chartres, who always retained an affection, amounting to veneration, for his governess; but the magistrates of the town would not permit their stay; and General Montesquieu, who had emigrated to Bremgarten, provided for these exiled and wandering females an asylum in the convent of St. Clair. The Princess of Orleans shortly after quitted Madame de Genlis, and went to reside under the care of her aunt, the Princess of Conti, who at that period resided at Friburgh.

Madame de Genlis herself quitted the Convent of St. Clair in May, 1794, and went to Altona, whence she removed to Hamburgh. She next retired to a farm-house at Silk, in Holstein, where she wrote her works entitled The Knight of the Swan,' 'Rash Vows,'' The Rival Mothers,' and 'The Little Emigrants.' She also published a refutation' of the calumnies which had been heaped upon her for her conduct during the revolution.

Education' is considered much the best of them; all, however, are written in a very graceful style, with much ingenuity, and display an active mind and an elegant fancy.

Ever since the return of Louis Philippe of Orleans (the present King) to France, after the restoration of the Bourbons, great kind. ness was shown to this accomplished writer, by his family, up to the last moment of her life. For two days previous to her death she had, as usual, been occupied with her literary and other labors until a late hour. Up to twelve at night, she was dictating to her attendant; after which she commenced arranging a letter to the King. Scarcely a day passed in which some of the royal family did not give her some token of kind remembrance. To a letter offering for her acceptance splendid apartments in the palace of the Tuileries, the Countess was engaged in writing a grateful denial, and her reasons for it, to his majesty, until nearly three o'clock in the morning of her decease. At that hour she was put to bed, and at ten o'clock she was found a corpse.

FEV. ROBERT HALL. 1831. Feb. 21. At Bristol, aged 68, the Rev. Robert Hall, M. A., Pastor of the Baptist Church, Broadmead, in that city, one of the most eminent ministers of the gospel in the present age. He was son of the Rev. Robert Hall, a minister of the Baptist persuasion. For his education, he was first placed under the care of the Rev. Dr. Ryland, at Northampton, and then sent to the Baptist Academy at Bristol, whence he proceed ed, in 1781, to the King's college at Aberdeen. After four years residence there, he returned to the

Academy at Bristol, to become assistant to Dr. Caleb Evans, in which situation he continued until 1791, when he succeeded the Rev. Robert Robertson, as minister at Cambridge. While there resident, he became known to, and admired by, some of the most distinguished scholars of the age. It is said that he was offered ordination by Bishop Barrington. From Cambridge, about 1804, he removed to Leicester, where he was pastor of the meeting in Harvey-lane, until invited to succeed Dr. Ryland, at Bristol, in 1826.

The name of Mr. Hall stood prominent, as one of the first pulpit orators of the day. From bad health, he hardly ever, of late years at least, studied any of the orations that he delivered, or even thought of them until he had entered the pulpit. His addresses were in consequence unequal; but when his health was firm, his spirits good, and his theme congenial, no man ever rose to higher and happier flights than he did in these purely extemporaneous compositions.

The remains of this talented and virtuous man were interred on the 2d of March, in the burying-place adjoining his chapel, in Broadmead, Bristol.

He has left a widow, one son, and three daughters.

KING OF SARDINIA. 1831. April. At Genoa, aged 66, Charles Felix Joseph, King of Sardinia.

He was born April 6th, 1765, the fifth of the six sons of King Victor Amedeus, and the Archduchess Maria Antonetta Frederica, daughter of the Emperor Joseph the second. Before his accession to the throne, he bore the title of Duke of Genoa. On the abdication of his brother, King

Victor-Emmanuel, he was declared Sovereign of Sardinia, March the 13th, 1821, and confirmed on the 19th of the same month. Two sisters of this family were the wives of Louis 18th and Charles 10th of France. King Charles married, April 6th, 1807, Maria Christina, daughter of Ferdinand the 4th, King of the Two Sicilies, but had no issue. His cousin, Charles Amedeus, Prince of Savoy Carignan, has succeeded to the throne.

MRS. SIDDONS.

1831. June. Aged 75, Mrs. Sarah Siddons, the celebrated act

ress.

This highly talented lady was born at Brecknock, the eldest daughter of Mr. Robert Kemble, the manager of an itinerant company of comedians, and made her first essay as a singer, but soon abandoned that line, and attempted tragedy. Early in life she conceived a passion for Mr. Siddons, in which, not being indulged by her parents, she quitted the stage, and engaged herself as lady's maid in the family of Mrs. Greatheed, of Guy's Cliff, near Warwick, where she remained about a year, and then resolved to unite herself with the man of her affections. She was married to Mr. Siddons, and soon after, joined a strolling company of no great reputation. Both she and her husband had, however, the good fortune to be engaged by Mr. Younger, to perform at Liverpool, Birmingham, &c.; with him she remained a few years, and acquired a celebrity which procured her an engagement at Drury Lane. Her first appearance was made Dec. 29, 1775, and the impression made upon the audience by this effort was of the most negative description. She was at that time considered merely a second rate

actress, and being unfortunately placed in an unsuccessful afterpiece, written by the editor of a newspaper, who omitted no opportunity of injuring her reputation, she quitted the London boards for a time, to return to them afterwards with increased lustre.

Mrs. Siddons made her second appearance at Drury Lane, on the 10th October, 1782, in the character of Isabella. Her fame was soon spread abroad, and the theatre overflowed every night; the taste for tragedy returned; and the manager, whose 'Critic' seemed to have been expressly to drive Meipomene from the stage, far from being ungrateful, generously gave Mrs. Siddons an extra benefit, and increased her salary.

Mrs. Siddons' extra benefit was given her before Christmas; she then appeared in Belvidera, and gained fresh laurels and an enormous receipt. The two counsellors, Pigot and Fielding, were so highly delighted, that they collected a subscription among the gentlemen of the bar, of one hundred guineas, and presented them to her, accompanied with a polite letter, as a token of their esteem. This was

an honor which had not been conferred on any actor or actress since the time when Booth gave such general satisfaction in the character of Cato.

The ensuing summer, this great and amiable actress went to Dublin, the inhabitants of which were equally astonished at her powers.

On her return for the winter, (1783-4,) she performed for the first time, By command of their Majesties.' During the succeeding summer, she took a second trip to Ireland, and also visited Edinburgh in both places she not only received great salaries, but very considerable presents.

When Mrs. Siddons visited Dr.

to

Johnson, he paid her two or three very elegant compliments. There were not chairs enough in his room accommodate his company. 'You see, Madam,' said the Doctor, wherever you come, there is a dearth of seats.' When she retired, he said to Dr. Glover, Sir, she is a prodigiously fine woman.' Yes,' replied Dr. Glover, but don't you think she is much finer on the stage, when adorned by art?' Sir,' said Dr. Johnson, 'on the stage, art does not adorn her; nature adorns her there, and art glorifies her.'

6

Sir Joshua Reynolds never marked his name on his pictures, except in the instance of Mrs. Siddons' portrait as the Tragic Muse, when he wrote his name upon the hem of her garment. When Mrs. Siddons first saw the picture in its finished state, she perceived it contained his name; upon remarking it to Sir Joshua, who was present, he very politely observed, I could not lose the honor this opportunity offered to me, for my name going down to prosperity on the hem of your garment.' Mrs. Siddons was less taciturn in private society, than is generally imagined by those who had infrequent opportunities of seeing her. She sang many simple ballads with infinite taste; and when in a very limited society, she introduced a peculiarly dry humor into those amusing trifles. Joanna Baillie says, the effect she gave to the comic passages of Shakspeare, was the most wonderful proof of her genius.

FIELD MARSHAL DIEBITSCH. 1831. June 10th. At his headquarters, Kleczewo, near Pultusk, of cholera morbus, aged 46, Fieldmarshal Count Diebitsch Sabalkanski.

This celebrated chieftain was

descended from an ancient Silesian family, and was born May 13, 1785. In his earliest years, it is said, he had so singularly retentive a memory, that when he had attained his fourth year he was capable of resolving arithmetical questions with greater readiness than most adults. The Count's father was an officer of distinguished talent, whom Frederick the Great, a short time before his death, appointed on his personal staff as extra adjutant; he afterwards entered the Russian service, and was intrusted with an important command, in consequence of which his son also enlisted under Russian banners. The stratagetic acquirements of young Diebitsch, as far as regards theory, were perfected in the military school at St. Petersburgh. He rose rapidly from the guards, to an appointment in the staff; though young in years his talent was so eminent as to entitle him to the grades of lieutenant-general and quarter-master-general in the campaigns of 1813 and 1814; and he became subsequently adjutant-general to the late Emperor, whose confidence in him descended to his successor Nicholas. In the conflict at Austerlitz he was wounded by a spent ball, which lodged in the palm of his hand. He also distinguished himself in the actions of Eylau and Friedland, and in the celebrated campaign of 1812. The appointment of Count Diebitsch to the supreme command of the Russian army, at the commencement of the campaign against Turkey, in 1829, was the exclusive act of the Emperor. The nomination excited considerable discontent in the first instance, because the person selected was not a native Russian. The operations of the campaign, and its result, show that the choice of the Emperor was not misplaced; and the