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spirit against his administration and the unmeasured abuse that was heaped upon him by their papers and public speakers.

The French republic soon got itself into a war with England. Then it demanded that the United States should join it in that war, because France had helped the colonies to get their liberties. The French sympathizers, who had already done so much to paralyze Washington's government and abuse him, now sought to revive the old hatred of England and force America to join France in the bloody conflict. It required all Washington's sagacity and moderation to avoid this wreck of his new nation, and when he secured a treaty of peace and intercourse with England through Mr. Jay, the very best that could be got for this country, and which resulted in immense and permanent benefit, he was more violently abused than ever before, even the House of Representatives unconstitutionally and insultingly demanding his reasons for signing the treaty.

There was from the beginning much difference between the northern and southern states in their business and social life. It was with difficulty that this difference could be adjusted in the constitution. Slavery was dominant in the south, and grew more so. It waned in the north, and soon departed. The south inclined to looser and less scrupulous exactness in morals and social life, and to less devotion to business. The north was exacting, organizing, thrifty and more devoted to constituted forms and the instituted customs of society, and hence moved more in masses, more by the rules of combination and law.

This general difference soon developed a prevailing sympathy with Jefferson and his free views in the south, while in the north the more conservative views of Hamilton, who was anxious that the government should be strong and united-a firm nationality-a power to be feared and honored, prevailed. In the south this free spirit which magnified the individual and the state at the expense of the nation soon showed itself in individuals and also in states, and developed a disloyal and arrogant notion of indivídual and state rights. The nation was never so much prized in the south as in the north, simply because the individual and the state were more prized. In the

south individual and state rights were supposed to be dominant in the American idea. In the north the nation and its rights were supposed to be dominant in the American idea. In the north Hamilton's teachings have prevailed; in the south, Jefferson's. At last, after more than a hundred years of jar and conflict, the north and south are likely to come to a better understanding and thoroughly respect the individual and at the same time magnify the nation.

In the second administration of Washington the spirit of this difference was rampant, fanned into a flame by French zealots and radicals and made more demonstrative by hatred of British tyranny, which it was restrained by Washington's strong and wise hand from fighting. Grandly now does Washington's commanding figure rise up against the black and fierce cloud of those early and troublous times.

When Washington made his final address to Congress, December 5, 1796, the Senate heartily approved it; but in the House there was dissension. Mr. Giles, of Virginia, made a strong speech against approval, and when the vote came to be taken twelve names were recorded against it and stand there yet, among them the name of Andrew Jackson, then a young man of twenty-nine years of age, just admitted from the new state of Tennessee.

WASHINGTON'S DEATH.

At the close of his second term as president, March 3, 1797, Washington repaired to Mount Vernon, grateful for his release from public duty. John Adams was his successor, who very soon found himself threatened with a war with the French republic, and he looked at once to Washington to lead it, should it be forced upon the country. He had had but a few month's peace when this war cloud rose in the east. He at once set about the plans for organizing an army, but before the settlement of the difficulties he died from the effects of a severe cold, on the night of the fourteenth of December, 1799, in the sixty-eighth year of his age.

Thus closed unexpectedly the earthly life of one of the greatest and best of men, who, while he was subject to all human frailties, was not brilliant or specially endowed with any marked power above many, was yet one of the greatest men that has ever lived in the soundness of his judgment, strength of his fortitude, self-control, patience and persistence under difficulties, and in the power to combine and control great affairs and great bodies of men and bear them on to a triumphant issue of great and good purposes. Jefferson said of him: "His integrity was most pure; his justice the most inflexible I have ever known,-no motives of interest or consanguinity, of friendship or hatred, being able to bias his decision. He was in every sense of the word, a wise, a good and a great man."

Adams, in his inaugural address, spoke of him as one "who by a long course of great actions, regulated by prudence, justice, temperance and fortitude, had merited the gratitude of his fellow citizens, commanded the highest praises of foreign nations and secured immortal glory with posterity."

THE GRAVE OF GEORGE WASHINGTON.

The sacred enclosure which holds the dust of George Washington is at Mount Vernon, near the mansion in which he lived and died, and which has now become a shrine visited, probably, by more people than the resting place of any other mortal man. It is on the west bank of the Potomac river, seventeen miles below Washington. The mansion and tomb are some two hundred feet above the river and afford a fine outlook over water and land.

The original Washington estate was eight thousand acres. In 1856 the state of Virginia passed an act authorizing the purchase of Mount Vernon by the ladies of the Mount Vernon Association. The ladies purchased two hundred acres, for which they paid two hundred thousand dollars, since which great improvements for preserving and beautifying the place have

been made. The worn and decayed parts of the buildings have been renewed; the grounds are being made more beautiful every year.

Mr. Lossing has dedicated his book entitled "The Home of Washington":

TO HIS

PATRIOTIC COUNTRY WOMEN,

BY WHOSE EFFORTS

THE HOME AND TOMB OF WASHINGTON

HAVE BEEN

RESCUED FROM DECAY.

The tomb of Washington is in a quiet, secluded place, but a short distance from the mansion. It is made of brick according to his will, though it was not made till thirty-eight years after his death. Till then his body rested in the old tomb. The new tomb is in a small ravine coming down from a well-wooded hillside. The place abounds with sweet-briar, trailing arbutus and other flowers.

The front of the tomb is plain, with wide, arching gateway and double iron gates, above which, upon a plain marble slab, is this inscription:

WITHIN THIS ENCLOSURE

REST THE REMAINS OF

General George Washington.

The ante-room in which are the sarcaphagi, which hold the remains of George and Martha Washington, is about twelve feet square. Behind this room is the vault in which repose the remains of about thirty members of the family. For a time, through fear of disturbance, the sarcophagi were kept in the vault; but on the seventh of October, 1837, they were placed

where they now rest, in the ante-room, the vault closed and locked and the key thrown into the river.

The right-hand sarcaphagus, as seen from the gate, holds the remains of the "Father of his Country"; the one on the left, those of his wife.

On a tablet over the door of the tomb, are these words of the Great Teacher:

"I am the resurrection and the life.
He that believeth in me,

though he were dead, yet shall he live."

The sarcophagus of Mrs. Washington is without ornament or symbol; and has on it these words:

Martha,

CONSORT OF WASHINGTON,

DIED MAY 21st, 1801; AGED 71 YEARS.

The sarcophagus of Washington is ornamented with the United States coat of arms upon a draped flag.

It has this one word on it:

Washington.

Near the entrance to the vault are four white marble monu ments with inscriptions commemorating the lives and deaths o the members of the family whose forms rest there.

Everything is being done, and will continue to be done, to make Mount Vernon and its sacred tomb one of the most marked and hallowed mausoleums in the world. Its great sleeper there is a mighty magnet drawing all the world reverently to his resting place.

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