49. How are pronouns divided? Give examples of the different kinds of pronouns. What different parts of speech may be represented by the word that? 50. Give an account of English metre down to the year 1700, with specimens in illustration. 51. What is the earliest language of Great Britain of which we have any knowledge? What language succeeded, and what others have been incorporated with the latter? 52. In what parts of England did the ancient language longest survive, and where in Great Britain is it still spoken ? 53. Account for the following terminations of names of places:Caster, chester, don, ton, ley, leigh, ly, wick, bergh, burgh, bury, borough, field, feld, by, bey, kirk, hythe, combe, thorp, fold, wold, toft— and give instances to illustrate your opinion. 54. What are the principal metres in which our best poets have written ? Give instances of each. 55. Mention any books that you conceive to have a greater influence than others upon our language. 56. It is sometimes said that the form John's coat' is simply an abbreviation of 'John his coat.' Is this assertion tenable ? and if not, why not? 57. Name the great writers in prose and verse of the eighteenth century. 58. Explain what is meant by the subject, predicate, and copula of a proposition. 59. Distinguish between absolute and relative nouns, and mention any which are sometimes absolute and sometimes relative. 60. Into how many moods are verbs divided? What differences of signification do they respectively imply? Define particularly the infinitive mood, the subjunctive mood, and the participle, and give examples of each. 61. State fully when the article an is to be used, and when a. Give examples. 62. What is apposition? What is the rule for substantives in apposition ? Give examples of it. What is the rule for substantives related to one another by a passive or neuter verb? Give examples of this relation. Parse the sentence, 'If you please.' 63. Give examples of nouns formed from the past participle of a verb, and of a diminutive noun. 64. How do nouns ending in y form the plural? Give examples of words which do not admit a plural, and of others in which the singular and plural are alike. 65. Of what other languages is the English language, as now spoken, made up, and how were they severally incorporated with it? Give examples of words derived from each. 66. Make a table of Latin, Greek, and Saxon affixes and prefixes, in three separate columns, putting those of similar signification opposite to each other. 67. What precise English meaning is to be assigned to the following Latin prefixes:-a, ab, ad, ante, co, con, de, dis, ob, per, pre, pro, re, se, sub, super, trans, ultra ? Give an example of each. 68. Enumerate the mute consonants, and distinguish between sharp and flat mutes. 69. How many words are there in the Lord's Prayer not of Saxon origin, and what are they? 70. What are the three elements of every simple proposition? Illustrate its structure by an example. 71. Explain the meanings of the words strong and weak, as applied to the conjugation of verbs, and give examples of their application. 72. What learned men flourished in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, and what are the titles of their most celebrated works? 73. Arrange in their proper classes, according to the divisions of articulate sounds, the following letters: b, d, f, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, t, v, x. 74. Give a list of words illustrating the vowel sounds in the English language. 75. Enumerate the cases, moods, and tenses used in the English language. Name the past tense indicative and the past participle of the following verbs:-Awake, arise, bear, begin, climb, draw, drink, flee, fly, hang, lay, lie, read, ring, ride, set, seat, sit, speak, spring, swim, tear, work. Where two forms exist, give both, and mark any that you consider obsolete. How have double forms originated in these verbs? 76. Give a list of auxiliary verbs. What are the rules for the use of the infinitive mood? Parse the following :-Do tell me, if you can. I would if I could. Do not do what he asks you. 77. Explain the following terms : In apposition, used absolutely, active, passive, transitive, intransitive, orthoepy, orthography, euphony, derivative, compound, inflection, declension, conjugation. 78. What is meant by inflection? What classes of words in English grammar are subject to inflection? Give instances. How is the want of inflection supplied in English? Give instances. 79. What is a pronoun ? How many sorts of pronouns are there? State the grammatical difference between-I, me, us, her, it, he, you, they, we, thou, him, thee, my, mine, theirs, who, which, what. 80. Explain the metre of the following verses: 'How sleep the brave who sink to rest, 'As near Porto-Bello lying On the gently-swelling flood.' 'Warriors and chiefs! should the shaft or the sword 'What beauties does Flora disclose! How sweet are her smiles on the Tweed!' 'High and embosomed in congregated laurels.' In Southwark, at the Tabard as I lay.' 'The song began from Jove, Who left his shining seats above.' 'Deserted at his utmost need By those his former bounty fed.' What is necessary to make a perfect rhyme? Apply your rule to the last two lines. 81. Write out the following names in a column, according to chronological order; add two other columns, and in them, on a line with each name in the first column, write (a) the reign under which the author lived; (b) his principal work or works : Addison, Bacon, Burke, Chaucer, Cowley, Cowper, Defoe, Dryden, Goldsmith, Gray, Hume, Johnson, Pope, Robertson, Spencer, Swift. NOTE. For Examination Questions on Analysis of Sentences,' Paraphrasing,' English Parsing,' Punctuation,' and' Figurative Language,' see end of Companion to English Grammar.' LONDON PRINTED BY SPOTTISWOODE AND CO. NEW-STREET SQUARE Works by the same Author. COMPANION to ENGLISH GRAMMAR, BEING A GUIDE TO ANALYSIS OF SENTENCES, PARAPHRASING, HIGHER ORDER OF PARSING, PUNCTUATION, COMPOSITION OR STYLE, FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE. With numerous exercises for Pupils. For the use of Schools. Specially adapted to the tuition of PupilTeachers, Queen Scholars, and the Advanced Pupils in Academies, Seminaries, and Boarding-Schools. 12mo. Price 2s. 6d. THE object of this work is to pro- | contains the parsing of some of the vide for the use of teachers, students, most difficult passages in the English and advanced pupils a more concise and practical Manual on Analysis, Paraphrasing, Higher Parsing, and Composition than it is believed at present exists. The part on Analysis contains every kind of sentence analysed and explained, with numerous exercises for pupils. The part on English Parsing dwells on every point of difficulty, and language, forming a useful supplement to the Author's work on English Parsing and Derivation. Appended are several explanatory chapters on Synonymy, Obsolete Words, Law Terms, &c. with general questions and exercises for pupils, selected from the Government Examination-Papers during the last eight or ten years. 'THE usefulness of this little work is considerably increased by the fact that it may be employed with any grammar. Its nomenclature seems to us particularly simple and plain. The examples are numerous, and well selected from many different authors.' EDUCATIONAL TIMES. 'A capital grammar for advanced pupils. The exercises are admirably arranged, and have special reference to examinations for Government certificates, Queen scholarships, and the scholastic profession. For these purposes it is the best grammar which has yet issued from the press, and we recommend it to all students who wish to perfect themselves in the English language.' CITY PRESS. ⚫ THIS small volume is the best we have seen of the class of books to which it belongs. It treats of the analysis of sentences, varieties of expression, paraphrasing, parsing, punctuation, composition, and figurative language. The arrangement is good, the classification minute, the examples numerous, and the explanations ample. Teachers and pupil-teachers will find it truly valuable.' EDUCATIONAL PAPER. A SYSTEM of ENGLISH PARSING and DERIVATION: with the Rudiments of English Grammar, including the Construction of Sentences, and a short History of the English Language. Specially adapted for the use of Pupil-Teachers. Eighth Edition, revised. 18mo. Price 1s. The SPELLING and DICTATION LESSON-BOOK; or, an Easy Way of Learning to Spell well, with Examples of different Ways of Teaching the Art. Second Edition. 12mo. Price 1s. THE principal design of this work is to assist pupils in the attainment of the Art of Spelling in an easy and pleasant manner, and also to suggest to teachers various ways in which this important subject can be taught efficiently. The practice of writing from dictation is dwelt upon largely; for this exercise, when properly conducted, combines more advantage to the learner in one operation than any other school exercise. While it furnishes a lesson in writing and spelling, it may also be so arranged as to form a useful exercise in punctuation, reading, and the use of capital letters. The orthographical transpositions will be new exercises to many teachers, and will suggest others of a similar kind, which will be useful to them in the schoolroom. The first and second examples will suit the younger classes; the third and fourth the more advanced pupils. Such a large collection of inventions, discoveries, and historical facts will be useful to pupil-teachers and others preparing for examination, as well as being suitable for head-lines in copy-books. The ELEMENTS of EUCLID for BEGINNERS: Designed for the Upper Classes in Elementary Schools; specially adapted to the Tuition of Pupil-Teachers in the Third Year of Apprenticeship; and intended as a First Book for Students in Geometry. Second Edition. 12mo. Price 9d. The Author's main object in this work has been to make the demonstrations as strict and concise as possible, and at the same time to reduce them to the most simple form. In order to afford every facility to the learner, each demonstration is begun and completed on the same page with the figure to which it refers; so that the inconvenience arising from having the demon stration on one page and the figure to which it refers very often on another, is completely removed. Prefixed is an Historical Introduction, showing the rise and progress of this science, with the explanations of the principal terms; and at the end is a selection of useful Problems and Theorems as exercises for pupils. |