COMMON LAKE HERRING, Leucichthys artedi

The common lake herring of Lake Erie. It ranges also to Lake St. Clair and Lake Huron, and has been planted in Lake Ontario from Lake Erie.

JUMBO HERRING, Leucichthys eriensis

Found in Lake Erie and northward. As a food fish it is far superior to the other lake herrings, and is as good as the best Whitefish.

ONTARIO LONGJAW, Leucichthys prognathus

Deep waters of Lake Ontario, in depths of 60 fathoms and Sometimes called bloater.

more.

TULLIBEE, Leucichthys tullibee

This is known to the fishermen as "Oneida Lake whitefish." It was formerly abundant in Onondaga Lake, where it is now absent or rare; but abundant in Oneida Lake. Highly prized as a food fish. The Oneida Hatchery force collected upwards of 60,000,000 of Tullibee eggs last fall. As a fresh fish or salted or smoked, it is one of the best food fishes in the lake.

LABRADOR WHITEFISH, Coregonus clupeaformis

Known also as Lake Superior whitefish; Manitoba whitefish; Musquaw River whitefish; whiting of Lake Winnepesaukee and shad of Lake Champlain. The Otsego whitefish, locally known as Otsego bass in Otsego Lake, is believed to be identical with this species. This is the common whitefish of all the Great Lakes, Lake Erie excepted. It is also found in many of the smaller lakes of New York. This is one of the most valuable of all of our food fishes.

The Commission has obtained more than 13,000,000 eggs of this fish from its Adirondack Hatcheries.

LAKE ERIE WHITEFISH, Coregonus albus

Found in Lake Erie and Lake St. Clair; introduced into other lakes. This species is not so good as the Labrador whitefish; but it is a very important food fish. It is not known to take the hook

Stirring pike perch eggs, Constantia, N. Y.

while the Lake Superior whitefish, or Labrador whitefish, takes the hook readily, large numbers being taken every day in season in the locks at Sault Ste Marie by local anglers. The Commission collected over 7,000,000 eggs of this whitefish last Fall in Lake Erie.

FROSTFISHI, Coregonus quadrilateralis

This is known also as the Menominee whitefish, pilot fish, round whitefish and shadwaiter. It extends throughout the New England lakes, Upper Great lakes and northwest to Alaska. This is not highly valued as food; but it is important for the food of Lake Trout and other good fish. The Adirondack Hatchery obtained 446,000 eggs of this species last Fall.

CHATEAUGAY LAKE WHITEFISH, Coregonus sp.

This appears to be identical with Stanley's whitefish, of Maine. It is a little fish, extremely abundant in Chateaugay Lake, where it is sexually mature at a length of 9 or 10 inches. The Adirondack Hatchery collected more than 4,000,000 eggs of this fish for a first experiment, and they are in process of hatching, although they do not seem to be as hardy as eggs of the frostfish and Labrador whitefish. This small species is valuable for the food of lake trout and other food fish.

It seems to be not generally known that both the whitefishes and the ciscoes, or herrings, take the baited hook freely, and some of the Herrings are easily caught with artificial or natural flies.

Jordan and Evermann, writing of the Labrador whitefish which is the commonest kind in our New York Lakes except Erie, say that it takes the hook readily, large numbers being caught every day in season in the locks at Saulte Ste Marie by local anglers. Charles G. Atkins, when fish commissioner of Maine, published the following account concerning the Labrador whitefish: "In Moosehead Lake they sometimes take the fly. In June last, we saw one taken with a fly near Mount Kineo by Artemus Libby, Esq., of Augusta. It weighed one and one half pounds. They can be taken with a hook at any season of the year in deep water. Almost any bait will answer, but the best is a piece of small fish. The most of them are taken in winter. The greatest

success is obtained by sinking through a hole in the ice, at the end of a line a cusk thoroughly gashed with a knife (cusk is a fish of the cod family). This remains there one day and tolls a great many whitefish around. They are then taken by smallest baits on small hooks.

Fish Commissioner H. O. Stanley, of Maine, published the following notes on this whitefish: "Some 20 years ago the U. S. Fish Commission sent me some whitefish eggs, I think from one of the lakes in Michigan. I hatched them at Rangely and planted them in the upper Rangeley lakes. This winter they have been caught with hook and line in considerable numbers in Umbagog Lake, which is the fourth lake below. These whitefish were caught with a small live minnow by fishing through the ice."

The so-called Otsego bass of Otsego Lake is a small race of this Labrador whitefish according to the latest information. It is well known to expert anglers on the lake at Cooperstown that the fish can be taken in large numbers by hook and line. The apparatus for this kind of fishing is a line with a sinker at the bottom and with a piece of spring wire attached horizontally about 4 inches above the sinker. At each end of this wire is fastened, at a slight angle, a No. 16 Sproat hook, and this is fastened to the line by an ordinary gut snell. Protector Miles Hazelton mentions a variation in the rig consisting of a rubber band connecting the two parts of the line about 2 feet above the hooks; this keeps the hooks in motion without the necessity of jigging which was necessary in the original form of whitefish rig. Each hook is baited with a minnow an inch long or with a small piece of fish.

Concerning the Rocky Mountain whitefish, Jordan and Evermann state that during the spring and early summer it takes the fly freely as well as the baited hook. The smallness of the mouth requires the use of very small hooks. When bait is used, very small grasshoppers, salmon eggs and small bits of fresh meat of almost any kind have proved effective. Good fishing localities are the headwaters of Salmon River and Big Payette Lake, in Idaho, streams near Dillon, Montana, Lakes Pend d'Oreille and Coeur d'Alene and Provost River, Utah. As a pan fish it holds very high rank.