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CONTENTS
BOOK I. INTRODUCTORY REVIEW OF THE EIGHTEENTH
CHAPTER
CENTURY
I. AGE OF LOUIS XIV AND THE CONTEST OVER SPAIN
I. Clues to Modern European History .
II. Louis XIV and Absolute Monarchy
III. How Louis encouraged Art and Literature
IV. Louis XIV attacks his Neighbors.
V. Louis XIV and his Protestant Subjects
VI. War of the Spanish Succession
II. RUSSIA AND PRUSSIA BECOME EUROPEAN POWERS
I. Beginnings of Russia
II. Peter the Great . .
III. Origin of the Kingdom of Prussia.
IV. The Wars of Frederick the Great.
V. Three Partitions of Poland, 1772, 1793, and 1795 .
VI. The Austrian Realms: Maria Theresa and Joseph II
III. THE STRUGGLE BETWEEN FRANCE AND ENGLAND IN INDIA AND
NORTH AMERICA
PAGE
I
8
10
12
13
17
19
W N N N G 3
22
26
29
33
I. How Europe began to extend its Commerce over the Whole
World
37
II. Contest between England and France for Colonial Empire:
India . .
39
III. Revolt of the American Colonies from England
44
BOOK II. CONDITIONS AND REFORMS IN THE EIGHTEENTH
IV. LIFE OF THE PEOPLE IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY: NOBILITY
V. The English Established Church and the Protestant Sects . . 65
V. THE SPIRIT OF REFORM
I. The Development of Modern Science .
II. How the Scientific Discoveries produced a Tendency
toward Reform . .
III. New Ideas of Government and its Functions
VI. BEGINNINGS OF REFORM BEFORE THE FRENCH REVOLUTION
I. Reforms of Frederick II, Catherine II, and Joseph II.
II. England after the Revolution of 1688
III. The English Limited Monarchy in the Eighteenth Century
and George III.
95
BOOK III. THE FRENCH REVOLUTION AND NAPOLEON
VII. THE EVE OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION
I. Confusion of the Old Régime
II. The Privileged Classes: the Third Estate
III. Powers of the French King: the Parlements
IV. How Louis XVI tried to play the Benevolent Despot
VIII. THE FRENCH REVOLUTION
I. How the Estates were summoned in 1789.
II. First Reforms of the National Assembly, July to October,
1789
125
III. The National Assembly in Paris, October, 1789, to Septem-
ber, 1791.
129
IV. France becomes involved in a War with Other European
Powers.
133
III. How Bonaparte secured Peace in 1801 and reorganized
Germany
161
IV. Bonaparte restores Order and Prosperity in France.
V. How Napoleon destroyed the Holy Roman Empire.
VI. Napoleon humiliates Prussia: the Continental Blockade. 171
VII. Napoleon at the Zenith of his Power (1808-1812)
VIII. The Fall of Napoleon
176
183
165
167
BOOK IV. FROM THE CONGRESS OF VIENNA TO THE
FRANCO-PRUSSIAN WAR (1815-1870)
X. THE RECONSTRUCTION OF EUROPE AT THE CONGRESS OF VIENNA
I. The Congress of Vienna and its Work
II. Results of the Revolutionary Period: Nationalism
III. The Holy Alliance: Metternich becomes the Chief Oppo-
nent of Revolution
IV. Thought and Culture at the Opening of the Nineteenth
Century
XI. REACTION AND REVOLUTION AFTER THE CONGRESS OF VIENNA
I. The Restoration of the Bourbons in France
II. The Revolution of 1830
III. Establishment of the Kingdom of Belgium
IV. Formation of the German Confederation.
V. Restoration in Spain and Italy. . .
193
198
202
205
210
212
215
217
221
VI. The Spanish-American Colonies and the Revolution of 1820 223
XII. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
248
251
256
XIII. REVOLUTION OF 1848 IN FRANCE
I. Unpopularity of Louis Philippe's Government
II. The Second French Republic . .
III. Louis Napoleon and the Second French Empire
XIV. REVOLUTION OF 1848 — AUSTRIA, GERMANY, ITALY
XVI. FORMATION OF THE GERMAN EMPIRE AND THE AUSTRO-
HUNGARIAN UNION
I. Prussia assumes the Leadership in Germany.
288
II. The War of 1866 and the Formation of the North German
Federation. .
293
III. The Franco-Prussian War and the Foundation of the
German Empire.
IV. Austria-Hungary after 1866
295
301
III. Germany's Policy of Protection and Colonization; For-
II. Establishment of the Third Republic and its Constitution
III. The Separation of Church and State
329
332
IV. Political Parties in France: the Socialists.
337
339
V. Expansion of France
XIX. POLITICAL AND SOCIAL REFORMS IN ENGLAND
I. Extension of the Right to Vote
II. The English Cabinet.
III. Freedom of Speech and Opinion, and Reform of the
Criminal Law.
IV. Social Reforms.
V. Free Trade
VI. The Irish Question
BOOK VI. MERGING OF EUROPEAN HISTORY INTO WORLD
HISTORY
XX. THE EXPANSION OF EUROPE AND THE SPREAD of WESTERN
CIVILIZATION
I. How the Peoples of the Globe have been brought together
by Improved Means of Communication
II. Trade Competition; Imperialism; Rôle of the Mission-
aries
XXI. THE BRITISH EMPIRE IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY
I. The Extension of British Dominion in India
II. The Dominion of Canada.
III. The Australasian Colonies
IV. Growth of the British Empire in Africa
XXII. THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY
I. The Reigns of Alexander I (1801-1825) and Nicholas I
(1825-1855)
II. The Freeing of the Serfs and the Growth of the Spirit of
Revolution.
III. The Industrial Revolution in Russia.
IV. The Struggle for Liberty under Nicholas II.
394
397
406
410
416
418
XXIII. TURKEY AND THE EASTERN QUESTION
I. The Greek War of Independence
II. The Crimean War (1854-1856).
III. Revolts in the Balkan Peninsula
XXIV. EUROPEAN INTERESTS IN THE FAR EAST
I. Relations of Europe with China
II. Japan becomes a World Power; Intervention in China
III. War between Japan and China and its Consequences for
Europe
IV. Changes in China; the Boxer Rising
V. The Russo-Japanese War; the Revolution in China
XXV. EXPLORATION OF AFRICA AND THE STRUGGLE OF EUROPEAN
POWERS FOR ITS POSSESSION
I. Gradual Exploration of Africa by Europeans
II. Partition of Africa. . .
III. Question of Morocco and Egypt
IV. Decline of the Spanish Empire and Rise of the United
States as a World Power.
BOOK VII. THE TWENTIETH CENTURY AND THE WORLD
XXVI. EUROPE IN THE OPENING YEARS OF THE TWENTIETH
I. Review of the Previous Chapters .
II. War on Poverty in England, 1906-1914
III. Curbing of the House of Lords; Suffrage; the Irish
Question
IV. Germany as a World Power
V. France in the Twentieth Century.
VI. The Socialistic Parties . .
428
431
433
437