side in columns. Some of them wore bandages on their heads; others had their arms in slings. Children ran forward throwing flowers in front of the marching Americans. Flowers were tossed through the air from sidewalks or came fluttering down from windows, to be caught up by American soldiers, who stuck them into the muzzles of their rifles, or tucked them into their belts. From every window women and girls waved handerchiefs or flags. Thousands

of children from primary schools in the quarter, assigned to best places, called out "Teddy!" "Teddy!" "Teddy!" and threw flowers to the soldiers.

At the cemetery where Lafayette is buried, the battalion passed through the arched gateway leading to an old convent, and thence to the little burial-ground adjoining. Here were gathered three or four hundred other persons, including prominent Americans and Frenchmen. In the presence of Ambassador Sharp, Pershing and Joffre, a wreath was placed by the Americans on the plain stone clab above Lafayette's grave. A remark attributed to Pershing at this time, much quoted afterward, was, "Lafayette, we are here." This cemetery, known as the Cemetery of Picpus, lies in the old St. Antoine neighborhood, south of the Place de la Nation, and not far from the Bois de Vincennes. Some of the oldest families in France have buried their dead

in Picpus. A part of it was formerly known as the Cimetière de Guillotinés, 1,370 victims of the revolution having been buried there in 1793. The chapel, or oratory, which the cemetery adjoins, belongs to the nuns of the Sacré-Cœur de Jésus et de Marie. Lafayette died in 1837, his wife, the Comtesse de Noailles, who is also buried in Piepus, in 1807.

Various other events, such as a great public meeting at the Sorbonne, the placing of a wreath by the Municipal Council at the foot of the statue of Washington in the Place des États Unis, and one by the French society of Army and Navy Veterans, marked this observance of our great national holiday. It was said at police headquarters, by officials familiar with demonstrations, that at least a million people must have seen the parade along its line of march. When the last man had passed, great crowds surged to the middle of streets, breaking through the police and military

guards and blocking traffic for a long time afterward. More people were massed in the Tuileries Gardens than were seen on the Esplanade at the Invalides. Few could get even a glimpse of the parade as it came back from the Invalides, but all joined in a tremendous outburst of cheering that did not diminish in volume until the last man in the line had disappeared from view down the Rue de Rivoli, bound next day for the American training-camp that had been set apart for Pershing's men behind the fighting line. President Poincaré, at the conclusion of the day's ceremonies, sent a cablegram of felicitation to President Wilson.

General Pershing, in a notable report to the War Department on November 20, 1918, dealing with America's military operations from May 26, 1917, to the signing of the armistice on November 11, 1918, declared that the warmth of his reception in England and France was only equaled by the readiness of the Commander-in-Chief of the veteran armies of the Allies and their Staff to place their experience at our disposal. Altho the French and British armies were then at their maximum strength "all efforts to dispossess the enemy from his firmly entrenched positions in France and Belgium had failed," so that it became necessary for the United States to plan for a force "adequate to turn the scale in favor of the Allies." Keeping in mind the strength of the Central Powers-the period here referred to was the eve of the inconclusive Second Battle of Flanders and of the German advance in Russia which promised to make the Germans virtually masters of Russia-"the immensity of the problem that confronted us could hardly be overestimated."

A general staff "broadly organized and trained for war" had not then existed in our army, but in France "as models to aid us, we had the veteran French General Staff, and the experience of the British." By selecting from each "the features best adapted to our basic organization, and fortified by our own early experience in the war," a General Staff for the Americans was finally completed, and soon there was outlined and started "a system of schools" where instruction could be given by "officers direct from the front." One was a school where staff-work "was taught to carefully selected officers," another a school for men in the ranks

who were candidates for commissions, and there were also artillery- and aviation-schools, all so coordinated as to "develop an efficient army out of willing and industrious young men, many of whom had not known even the rudiments of military technique." Haig and Pétain had placed at Pershing's disposal officers and men "to whom we became deeply indebted for the opportunity given to profit by their valuable experience."

It was not until the end of October that the first of our divisions had passed sufficiently through the preliminary

"OLD GLORY" AT THE INVALIDES IN PARIS

Descendants of Frenchmen who fought in our revolution presented these flags to American soldiers in Paris

stages of training to go to trenches for a final period of instruction there. Just as this division, which was the Second, was ready to start for the trenches (by that time we had landed 200.000 men on European soil), a reception was given at Pershing's headquarters to Marshal Joffre, who now saw face to face an army which he in this visit to the United States had been instrumental in bringing to France. In front of Pershing's headquarters, French

officers attached to Pershing's staff were drawn up with a battalion of poilus in faded blue, bayonets fixt and rifles at present arms, while both ends of a narrow cobblestoned street were choked with people crowding and pushing for a sight of Joffre. Then came the blast of an automobile siren and gendarmes pushing back the crowd, after which a big blue limousine swung around the corner and stopt in front of headquarters. An officer sprang out to open the doors

of the machine, three buglers blew a salute, and the powerful erect figure of the Marshal stept lightly to the street. He had motored with Pershing through more than a score of French villages in which American. troops were billeted, and had received everywhere remarkable demonstrations of esteem alike from soldiers and people. At the review both men were loudly cheered when they came into view, and so were the French soldiers when they swung by in review, and

Americans when the Marshal walked before them. A French band had burst into the "Marseillaise" and women and little children had joined in the singing. The Marshal made his speech in French, saying he was sorry he could not deliver it in English, but that he was not accustomed to much public-speaking in any language. He said:

"In every way you have realized our hopes. The best proof of your earnestness, your determination to help win this war against autocracy, may be read in your eyes as I look into them. Under the direction of General Pershing you are getting ready to face the enemy. Guided by that eminent chief, guided by the zeal with which your great new armies are being perfected, you will move forward to gather the laurels and glory that lies before you.

"All the news I have from America is to the effect that there, as well as here, you are working in the same intense manner. Guided by such men as General Pershing, your Secretary of War, Mr. Baker, and your Chief of Staff, General Bliss, you are rapidly going ahead, and I am confident our enemy will see before him one of the most formidable war machines which could ever be imagined.

"Our enemy believed, in his foolish pride, that he could dominate the universe. Your reply to him has already been most eloquentmore eloquent than he ever dreamed. You have come here to join the Allies in delivering humanity from the would-be yoke of German intolerance. Let us continue to be united, and victory surely will be ours."

The Marshal for this occasion was attired in his familiar

A DEFENDER OF NEW YORK HARBOR

One of the 14-in. disappearing guns mounted at Sandy Hook