WHERE CLEMENCEAU LIVED IN NEW YORK In this building on 12th Street, in the neighborhood now known as Greenwich Village, Clemenceau, as a young physician, opened an office in the late sixties. From this house he wrote letters to French newspapers, but went afterward to Stamford, Conn., where he taught in a ladies' seminary and was married I THE EXPLOITS OF CHAPMAN, PRINCE, ROCKWELL, GUYNEMER, MARCHAL, IMMELMANN, BOELKE, RICHTHOFEN, AND OTHERS G January 23, 1916-March 8, 1918 ERMANY for more than a year relied principally on Zeppelins in making aerial attacks on England, but on January 23 and January 24, 1916, hostile aircraft of another kind made notable raids on the east coast. Early in the morning of the 23d, an airplane dropt nine bombs on a Kentish town, killing one man, wounding two men, a woman and three children, and damaging some private property. Twelve hours later two airplanes made an attack on the same locality, but without effecting damage or causing casualties. British naval and military machines gave chase, but the raiders escaped. These were the first raids that had been made on England since October 13, 1915, when Zeppelins bombed the London district, killing and wounding more than 150 persons. The bright moonlight and the absence of wind made ideal conditions for the dash. The airplanes probably came from a German base in Belgium. On February 6 two women and one child were injured when two airplanes again raided the Kentish coast. Three missiles fell on the outskirts of Ramsgate and four near a school at Broadstairs. The material damage was confined to the shattering of glass. The attack was made in broad daylight. That afternoon two seaplanes had been seen approaching the Kentish coast, and a few minutes later flew over Ramsgate and Broadstairs. the four bombs dropt on Broadstairs all but one fell near property of Lord Northcliff. At Ramsgate six or eight bombs were dropt in rapid succession, all of which fell in fields between Ramsgate and Broadstairs. Of Sergeant Pilot Guynemer, twenty-one years old, of the French Flying Corps, brought down, on February 7, his fifth German adversary, and was mentioned for his exploit in an official communication. Previously he had been decorated with the cross of the Legion of Honor, the War Cross and the Military Medal. Guynemer was a lad in college when the war began and enlisted at once. At the end of seven days of training he made his trial flight for a pilot's license and afterward made a record for hunting German airplanes. In one instance he brought down, single-handed, a large German biplane. Guynemer made flights alone, as did Garros and Pégoud, but used a great biplane on which he could make ninety miles an hour instead of a monoplane. He put four machines out of business in nine days. One of these exploits occurred in December when he fought a spectacular duel directly over the French lines, his comrades-inarms cheering him enthusiastically from below. He was engaged at that time with one of the famous Fokker airplanes. Altho there were two men aboard the Fokker, he maneuvered skilfully until he brought his gun in range. At fifteen yards he delivered a mortal blow from "The Old Charles," the name given to the biplane which Guynemer manipulated. He was armed with a weapon which he handled with remarkable facility and precision, at the same time that he maneuvered his airplane. Between his fourth and fifth successful duels he had a narrow escape in a fight with a Fokker. At the moment of firing, at a distance of thirty yards, his gun became jammed, the lubricating oil having frozen. In attempting a quick turn, he was carried on by the momentum until he struck the German machine with his upper plane and began to descend abruptly. After falling rapidly for 500 yards the biplane righted itself. Guynemer then returned to headquarters, but had missed his fifth machine. He accounted for it a few days later when his antagonist went to earth in flames after a short combat. Guynemer tho French was of Scottish extraction. Contemporary with the battle of Verdun, in 1916, occurred an unusual amount of activity in aviation work. On February 26 nine French bombing aeroplanes traveled behind the German lines and dropt 114 bombs on the Metz-Sablons station, and on the same day another French air-squadron inflicted similar damage on German establishments at Chambley, north |