the square opposite the barracks of her Military Academy, the great glittering bronze of Calhoun,' who brought so much misery to them all. But as we go Westward, where the sandy soil of the plains yields to the clay of the foothills, and find the streams turning the wheels of the factory, and hear the whirl of the spindle tended by white operatives, and see the plough, generally followed by a white man, turning over the soil amidst the stumps of trees in fields newly reclaimed; and come at last to Spartanburg and read the inscription there on the monument recently raised to those who fell at Cowpens, by the old thirteen States and Tennessee, bringing to memory the days of Greene and Morgan, we cannot but believe instead of four and forty sovereign States, we shall, in Webster's words, have for all time, "one Nation, one Union, one Destiny."
1 This was written four years ago: Charleston now shows few signs of the earthquake, and Calhoun's statue has mellowed into a pleasing bronze color.
Adams, Charles Francis, Minister to England, 3
Adams, Henry, opinion concerning Virginia's estimation of
validity of United States laws, 100; controverted, 113-115
Adams, John, influence of Alien and Sedition laws on re-
election, 112
Alien and Sedition laws of 1798, 88; Jefferson's opposition
to, 88; influence in defeating federal party, 112
Amendments to Constitution, how made, 40; first ten arti-
cles, 78, 79
British opinion of right of secession, 213
Bryce, James, on right of Southern States, 3; theory of his
book, 3, note
Calhoun, John C., United States a confederacy, not a nation,
24; his youthful prominence in Congress, 34; his early
opinions of the Constitution, 134, 135; change of opinion,
137, 138; personal appearance, 138, 139; his reasoning on
right of nullification, 140; his argument considered, 140,
141
Chase, Salmon P., decision on secession, 34, 35
Clay, Henry, tariff compromise, 23
Clinton, George, his opinion as stated by Mr. Lodge, 5; his
written declaration that the United States Government is
perpetual, 77, 78
Compact, may be for national, indissoluble government, 28,
29; a voluntary union of independent nations must be by
compact, 28; Southern views of, 30
Confederacy of the Southern States, constitution and com-
pact as to slavery, 158
Confederacy of the United States, its failure, 31, 32; depen-
Constitution of United States, adoption by Continental Con-
gress, States, and people, 32; perpetuity declared in pre-
amble, 33, 34; supremacy, 35, 36, 49; oath of every
State officer and judge to support, 36; supremacy in all
sovereign powers, 37, 38; prohibitions to States, 38, 39,
47; power to coerce States in articles punishing treason,
41, 42, 43; can take all powers from States by amend-
ments, 45, 46; made States suable, 44; powers given by
Constitution to States, 46; naturalization, 47; takes from
States powers of resistance, 47, 48; its excellence proved
by few amendments, 159, 160; its adoption opposed on
account of its nationality and of excessive powers given,
69-73; no claim of right of secession or nullification sug-
gested in the conventions adopting the Constitution, 73
Convention that made the Constitution, its members and
mode of voting, 51-53; proposition of the delegation of
Virginia for a National Government debated and passed,
51-53; New Jersey plan amending confederacy, 54, 56;
resolves for a National Government again taken up and
passed, 56-62; representation in Senate, 58-60; a com-
promise of representation not a compromise of powers
granted, 60, 61; resolutions calling the proposed govern-
ment national referred to Committee to Report a Constitu-
tion, 61, 62; report of committee and articles again
considered separately, 62-64; change in preamble by
Committee of Style and Arrangement, 64; opinions of
members, 65, 66; its nationality and great powers, 70-72
Cooper, Thomas, pronounced in 1833, in South Carolina,
author of nullification, 141, 142
Davis, Jefferson, indicted for treason and not tried, 157;
asserted advantage of Southern soldiers, 157
Federal, the party, meaning of the term, 37
Franklin, Benjamin, services as member of the convention, 68
Georgia, suit of Chisholm against, 82-84; claim of sover-
eignty, 83; decision of Supreme Court, 83, 84; contro-
versy as to Cherokee Indians, 151; vigorous resolutions
in 1833 against South Carolina's nullification doctrines, 147
Gerry, Elbridge, objection to conferring power of amending
Constitution as fatal to the States, 45, 46; refused to sign
the Constitution, 68
Hamilton, Alexander, proposed plan for a strong government
not favored in the convention, 54, 55; his speech as to
democracy, 55; promised support of Constitution, 68;
correspondence with Madison, 72; successful support of
the adoption of the Constitution by New York, 72; states
in the Federalist the supremacy of the judicial power of
the United States, 129
Hartford convention, called by Massachusetts, discontent of
the State, 131; resolutions passed did not assert State
sovereignty, but proposed amendments to Constitution,
131, 132
Hayne, Robert Y., denunciation of the Eastern States, 8; his
doctrine, 9; approval of, by citizens of Charleston, 138
Henry, Patrick, Lodge's assertion as to his opinion, 5; strenu-
ous objection to adoption of the Constitution as national,
70, 71; opposition to the Virginia resolutions, 113; his
declaration that Virginia was to the United States as a
county to Virginia, 113, 114
Iredell, James, dissenting opinion in Chisholm against Georgia
was not by reason of sovereignty of Georgia, 83
Ireland, bill of 1886 for home rule, 40
Jackson, Andrew, his proclamation against nullification, 21,
22; his popularity and arbitrary exercise of power, 23;
his character and early life, 143; experience in politics
and law, 144; proclamation his own work, 142, 143, 145;
threat to hang Calhoun, 22; collected duties after South
Carolina declared they should not be levied, 145, note, 146
Jay, John, wrote, "the convention and people agreed a
National Government was necessary," 71, 72; his opinion
in Chisholm vs. Georgia as to sovereignty of United
States, 80, 81
Jefferson, Thomas, reputed author of Kentucky resolutions,
88; approval of coercing States, 93; became president
immediately after passage of Kentucky resolutions, 116;
his inaugural address national, 116-118; approved of
bills in favor of a national road, 118; approval of the use
of the army and navy against Pennsylvania in the Gideon
Olmstead case, 118–121; approval of annexation of Lou-
isiana, 123; opinion as to nullification and secession, 125;
opposition to Alien and Sedition laws, 126, 127; national
views, the embargo, 129, 130; prescribed Federalist as
text-book in University of Virginia, 128, 129
Judiciary of the United States, made supreme by the Consti-
tution, 37; power to decide on laws of Congress, 49, 50;
supremacy of the Government uniformly sustained by it,
148-151
Kentucky resolutions, 90; not much noticed as coming from
a new State, 89; merely the opinion of the legislature
that passed them, 89; their doctrine considered, 90–93;
they deny that the United States Government could pun-
ish any crime except when the power is specifically
given, 93, 94; they protest against laws of Congress, do
not treat them as invalid, 94, 95 ; not sanctioned by other
State legislatures, their purport escaped notice, IoI;
State let them drop, 101, 102; no assertion of their doc-
trine until 1830, 133
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