a tittle, if you are not very good, and do not (one of you, at least) write to me punctually.

This letter, I confess, will not give you much encouragement, for I can absolutely tell you nothing. I dined at Mr. Grenville's to-day, where, if there had been anything to hear, I should have heard it; but all consisted in what you will see in the papers some diminutive battles in America, and the death of the King of Poland,3 which you probably knew before we did. The town is a desart; it is like a vast plain, which, though abandoned at present, is in three weeks to have a great battle fought upon it. One of the colonels, I hear, is to be in town to-morrow, the Duke of Devonshire. I came myself but this morning, but as I shall not return to Strawberry till the day after to-morrow, I shall not seal my letter till then. In the mean time, it is but fair to give you some more particular particulars of what I expect to know. For instance, of Monsieur de Nivernois's cordiality; of Madame Dusson's affection for England; of

is thought, be recognized; and as the published parliamentary debates are extremely imperfect for the whole time to which this correspondence relates, Mr. Walpole's spirited sketches are additionally valuable.

"These letters also give a near view of the proceedings of political parties during that interesting period; and although the representation of so warm a partisan must be read with due caution, a great deal of authentic information on this subject will be found, and even the very errors of the writer will sometimes tend to elucidate the state of parties during one of the busiest periods of our domestic dissensions.

"Mr. Walpole's party feelings were, indeed, so warm, and his judgment of individuals was so often affected by the political lights in which he viewed them, that the Editor has thought it due to many eminent political characters to add a few notes, to endeavour to explain the prejudices and to correct the misapprehensions under which Mr. Walpole wrote. In doing so, the Editor has, he hopes, shown (what he certainly felt) a perfect impartiality; and he flatters himself that he has only endeavoured to perform (however imperfectly) what Mr. Walpole himself, after the heat of party had subsided, would have been inclined to do.”To the notes here spoken of, the letter C. is affixed.

1 John Harris, Esq. of Hayne, in Devonshire, who married Anne, Lord Hertford's eldest sister.-E.

2 The actions at Detroit and Edge Hill, on the 31st of July and 5th and 6th of August, between the British and the Indians. In the former the British were defeated, and their leader, Captain Dalyell, killed; in the latter engagements, under Colonel Bouguet, they defeated the Indians.-C.

3 Stanislaus Augustus, Elector of Saxony and King of Poland. He died at Dresden, on the 5th of October.-E.

3

my Lord Holland's joy at seeing you in France, especially without your secretary; of all my Lady Hertford's cousins at St. Germains; and I should not dislike a little anecdote or two of the late embassy, of which I do not doubt you will hear plenty. I must trouble you with many compliments to Madame de Boufflers, and with still more to the Duchesse de Mirepoix, who is always so good as to rememHer brother, Prince de Beauvau,5 I doubt has forgotten me. In the disagreeableness of taking leave, I omitted mentioning these messages. Good night for to-night-Oh! I forgot pray send me some caffé au lait: the Duc de Picquigny (who by the way is somebody's son, as I thought) takes it for snuff, and says it is the new fashion at Paris; I suppose they drink rappee after dinner.

ber me.

Wednesday night.

I might as well have finished last night; for I know nothing more than I did then, but that Lady Mary Coke arrived

an

'Mr. Fox, so long a political leader in the House of Commons, had been lately created Lord Holland, and was now in Paris. Mr. Walpole insinuates, in his letter to Mr. Montagu of the 14th of April, that Lord Holland's visit to France arose from apprehension of personal danger to himself, in consequence of his share in Lord Bute's administration absurd insinuation! What is meant by his joy at seeing Lord Hertford in France is not clear; but the allusion to the secretary probably refers to the absence of Sir Charles, then Mr. Bunbury, who was nominated secretary to the embassy, but who had not accompanied Lord Hertford to Paris: as Mr. Bunbury had married Lady Holland's niece, there may have been some family reason for this allusion.-C.

2 Lady Hertford was a grand-daughter of Charles II, and therefore cousin to the Pretender, who, however, was at this period in Italy; and the cousins alluded to were probably the family of Fitz-James.-C.

John, fourth Duke of Bedford, was Lord Hertford's predecessor. Mr. Walpole had been on terms of personal and political intimacy at Bedford-house; but political and private differences had occurred to sharpen his resentment against the Duke, and even occasionally against the Duchess of Bedford.-C.

The Maréschale de Mirepoix was a clever woman, who was at the head of one class of French society. She, however, quarrelled with her family, and lost the respect of the public by the meanness of countenancing Madame du Barri.-C.

"Son of the Prince de Craon: he was born in 1720; served with great distinction from the earliest age, and was created, in 1782, marshal of France. His conduct in discountenancing the favouritism of the last years of Louis XV. was very honourable, as was his devotion to Louis XVI. in the first years of the revolution. The marshal survived his unfortunate sovereign but three months.-C.

6 Son of the Duke de Chaulnes.-E.

VOL. IV.

X

this evening. She has behaved very honourably, and not stolen the Hereditary Prince.1

Mr. Bowman called on me yesterday before I came, and left word that he would come again to-day, but did not. I wished to hear of you from him, and a little of my old acquaintance at Rheims. Did you find Lord Beauchamp3 much grown? Are all your sons to be like those of the Amalekites? who were I forget how many cubits high.

Pray remind Mr. Hume of collecting the whole history of the expulsion of the Jesuits. It is a subject worthy of his inquiry and pen. Adieu! my dear lord.

TO GEORGE MONTAGU, ESQ.

Strawberry Hill, Nov. 12, 1763.

I SEND you the catalogue as you desired; and as I told you, you will, I think, find nothing to your purpose: the present lord bought all the furniture pictures at Navestock: 5 the few now to be sold are the very fine ones of the best masters, and likely to go at vast prices, for there are several people determined to have some one thing that belonged to Lord Waldegrave. I did not get the catalogue till the night before last, too late to send by the post, for I had dined with Sir Richard Lyttelton at Richmond, and was forced to return by Kew-bridge, for the Thames was swelled so violently that the ferry could not work. I am here quite alone in the midst of a deluge, without Mrs. Noah, but with half as many animals. The waters are as much out as they were last year, when her

The Hereditary Prince of Brunswick was at this time betrothed to the King's eldest sister; and Mr. Walpole, a constant friend and admirer of Lady Mary, affects to think that her beauty and vivacity might have seduced his Serene Highness from his royal bride. Lady Mary lived till 1810.-C.

2 This gentleman was travelling tutor to Lord Hertford's eldest son, and had been lately residing with him at Rheims.-C.

3 Francis, afterwards second Marquis of Hertford, who died in the year 1822.-E.

David Hume, the historian. He was at first private secretary to Lord Hertford, and afterwards secretary of embassy.-E.

5 In Essex, the seat of the Waldegraves.-E.

2

vice-majesty of Ireland,1 that now is sailed to Newmarket wit both legs out at the fore glass, was here. Apropos, the Irish court goes on ill; they lost a question by forty the very first day on the address. The Irish, not being so absurd or so complimental as Mr. Allen, they would not suffer the word adequate to pass. The prime minister is so unpopular that they think he must be sent back. His patent and Rigby's are called in question. You see the age is not favourable to prime ministers: well! I am going amidst it all, very unwillingly; I had rather stay here, for I am sick of the storms, that once loved them so cordially over and above, I am not well; this is the third winter my nightly fever has returned; it comes like the bellman before Christmas, to put me in mind of my mortality.

Sir Michael Foster3 is dead, a Whig of the old rock: he is a greater loss to his country than the prim attorney-general,* who has resigned, or than the attorney's father, who is dying, will be.

My gallery is still in such request, that, though the middle of November, I gave out a ticket to-day for seeing it. I see little of it myself, for I cannot sit alone in such state; I should think myself like the mad Duchess of Albemarle, who fancied herself Empress of China. Adieu !

5

TO THE EARL OF HERTFORD.

Arlington Street, Nov. 17, 1763.

IF the winter keeps up to the vivacity of its début, you will have no reason to complain of the sterility of my letters. I do not say this from the spirit of the House

1 The Countess of Northumberland.-E.

2 To prevent the presentation of a more objectionable address from the corporation of Bath, in favour of the peace, Mr. Allen had secured the introduction of the word adequate into the one agreed to; which gave such offence to Mr. Pitt that he refused to present it.-E. 3 One of the judges in the court of King's Bench.-E.

4 The Hon. Charles Yorke.

Widow of Christopher Duke of Albemarle, and daughter of the Duke of Newcastle.

2

of Commons on the first day,' which was the most fatiguing and dull debate I ever heard, dull as I have heard many; and yet for the first quarter of an hour it looked as if we were met to choose a King of Poland, and that all our names ended in isky. Wilkes, the night before, had presented himself at the Cockpit: as he was listening to the Speech, George Selwyn said to him, in the words of the Dunciad," May Heaven preserve the ears you lend !” 4 We lost four hours debating whether or not it was necessary to open the session with reading a bill. The opposite sides, at the same time, pushing to get the start, between the King's message, which Mr. Grenville stood at the bar to present, and which was to acquaint us with the arrest of Wilkes and all that affair, and the complaint which Wilkes himself stood up to make. At six we divided on the question of reading a bill.5 Young Thomas Townshend divided

Parliament met on the 15th of November. The public mind was at this moment in a considerable ferment, and the King's speech invited Parliament "to discourage that licentious spirit which is repugnant to the true principles of liberty and of this happy constitution." It was expected that these words would, from their being understood as a direct attack on Mr. Wilkes, have opened a debate on his question, which was then uppermost in every mind; but the opposition were unwilling to put themselves under the disadvantage of opposing the address and of excepting against words, which, in their general meaning, were unexceptionable; they, therefore, had recourse to the proceedings so well described in this letter.-C.

2 He means, that parties were so violent that the members seemed inclined to come to blows.-C.

3 The King's speech, which is now read at the house of the minister, to a selection of the friends of government, was formerly read at the Cockpit, and all who chose attended.-C.

"Yet oh, my sons! a father's words attend;

So may the Fates preserve the ears you

lend."-E.

5 "As soon as the members were sworn at the table, Mr. Wilkes and Mr. Grenville, then chancellor of the exchequer, arose in their places, the first to make a complaint of a breach of privilege in having been imprisoned, &c.; and Mr. Grenville, to communicate to the House a message from the King, which related to the privileges of the House: the Speaker at the same time acquainted the House, that the clerk had prepared a bill, and submitted it to them, whether, in point of form, the reading of the bill should not be the first proceeding towards opening the session. A very long debate ensued, which of these three matters ought to have the precedence, and at last it was carried in favour of the bill." Hatsell's Precedents, vol. ii. p. 77.-E.

Afterwards Lord Sydney. The Townshends were supposed to be