and assistant. Mineralogy, including crystallography, is taught for one term, general geology one term, and applied geology two terms.

Natural history and geology occupy one story in Science Hall, where the museum, laboratory, and lecture rooms are located. Instruction is given by lectures, recitations, and laboratory and field work.

At Cumberland University, Lebanon, a new university building is in process of erection in which the geological collections, laboratory and lecture room will be placed. At Maryville College, Maryville, a new science building is contemplated and an enlargement of the course in geology. The subject is taught at present for two terms, one in general geology and one in the geology of Tennessee.

At the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, geology is temporarily attached to the school of agriculture. Instruction is given in mineralogy, general geology, and the geology of Tennessee.

At Burritt College, Spencer, instruction is given now for one term, but it is expected soon to add another.

They are planning to develop the subject of geology more extensively at Washington College in the near future.

TEXAS.

Geology is taught in 9 institutions in Texas, but in only 1 does it form a separate department.

At the University of Texas geology was first taught in 1888 by Robert T. Hill, now of the United States survey. At present instruction is given by Frederic W. Simonds, professor of geology, who offers the following courses: (1) General geology, one year, including physical geography, dynamical and structural geology; (2) paleontology, two terms, for 1894-95, brachiopoda; (3) mineralogy and crystallography, one term; (4) economic geology (one third course); (5) petrography (one third course) [not given in 1894-95.]

After 1894-95 a course in mining will be offered in the school of geology.

The geological lecture room and laboratories are in the west wing of the main building, and the display and reference collections, filling 18 cases, are in a central portion of the main building.

At Austin College, Sherman, it is expected soon to make the subject of geology more prominent in the curriculum.

UTAH.

In April, 1894, the University of Utah received $60,000 from the Salt Lake Literary and Scientific Association for the endowment of the Deseret professorship of geology. The new building and museum of the association has also been placed at the disposal of the institution. The museum is a very valuable one. estimated at $75,000. It contains 3,000 mineral and rock specimens, 500 vertebrates, 2,000 invertebrates, and nearly 1,000 ethnological specimens. There are also about 7,500 specimens in the university

museum.

The year 1894-95 is the first under the endowment. Instruction is given by James E. Talmage, president and Deseret professor of geology and mineralogy. William D. Neal's name also appears on the faculty list as instructor in geology and mineralogy. The following courses are offered: (1) Elementary mineralogy, one term; (2) advanced mineralogy, two terms; (3) elementary geology, one term; (4) advanced geology, one year. The elementary geology is required; the others are elective. The announcements for 1895-96 offer three courses in mineralogy and four in geology.

VERMONT.

While not a separate departmant in either of the two Vermont colleges, geology occupies a prominent place in each.

In the University of Vermont, Burlington, geology was first taught in 1839 by Prof. G. W. Benedect. At present general geology is taught a half year by George H.

Perkins, professor of natural history; mineralogy a half year by Horatio Loomis, professor of mineralogy and agriculture; geology, including soils, tillage, drainage, and fertilizers, by Joseph L. Hills, professor of agricultural chemistry. The museum is well equipped with illustrative material. Among the several thousand minerals and rocks of special note are the collection of sulphur and associated minerals from Sicily, lavas from Mount Vesuvius, and the native rocks and minerals. There is a large fossil collection which is not enumerated in the table at the end of this chapter. It is the intention to make geology and mineralogy a separate department.

Geology is taught at Middlebury College by Henry M. Seely, professor of natural history. There are no data at hand concerning the courses given. The college is making a complete collection of the rocks and fossils of the Champlain Valley.

VIRGINIA.

In Virginia geology is taught in 9 different institutions, and forms a separate department in 1, the University of Virginia.

Geology was first taught in the University of Virginia in 1840 by the well-known geologist, William B. Rogers. The present professor is William M. Fontaine. No particulars are at hand concerning the courses of instruction, further than the statement that both graduate and undergraduate instruction is given in geology and mineralogy. The university is admirably equipped for teaching the subject. The cost of the building and specimen cases is $52,500; of the specimens, $30,884; of the instruments, maps, etc., $7,750.

At the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College, Blacksburg, while geology is in the department of chemistry, yet the instructor in geology and mineralogy, Thomas L. Watson, teaches only these branches.

WASHINGTON.

It is interesting to note that in the 4 institutions in Washington in which geology is taught, all began the subject in 1894, which seems to be the earliest date that geology was taught in the State, unless it might be in the University of Washington, Seattle, which was not heard from either by letter or by catalogue.

At the Agricultural College Experiment Station and School of Science geology is not taught, but there is a short course in mineralogy.

WEST VIRGINIA.

In West Virginia geology is taught in 3 institutions, in 1 of which it forms a separate department; in the other 2 there is but one term in each.

In the West Virginia University, Morgantown, geology is a separate department, under Prof. S. B. Brown. The subject was first taught in 1868 by Prof. J. J. Stevenson, now of the University of the City of New York. William M. Fontaine, now of the University of Virginia, and Israel C. White, of West Virginia, have given instruction in geology here. The following courses are now offered: (1) A course in general geology extending through the year, three hours a week; (2) mineralogy two hours a week through the year; (3) economic geology, three hours a week through the year, and (4) physical geology. In 1893-91 there were 25 students in geology; in 1894-95 there were 34. There were no graduate students.

WISCONSIN.

In Wisconsin geology is taught in 7 institutions, in 2 of which it is a separate department and in the others it is a prominent feature in the course.

University of Wisconsin, Madison.-Charles R. Van Hise, professor of geology; William H. Hobbs, assistant professor of mineralogy and petrology; J. M. Clements, assistant professor of geology. Geology was first taught at the University of Wisconsin in 1869 by Roland D. Irving. Prof. T. C. Chamberlin, now of the University of Chicago, ED 9454

formerly State geologist of Wisconsin and president of the University of Wisconsin, was for many years professor of geology. Prof. Rollin D. Salisbury, now at the University of Chicago, was formerly at the University of Wisconsin. The following courses are offered by the present faculty: (1) General geology, one term, Van Hise; (2) historical geology, one term, Clements; (3) systematic paleontology, Clements; (4) field geology, one term, Van Hise and Clements; (5) applied geology, one term, Van Hise; (6) general course in mineralogy, divided into three parts: (a) general mineralogy, (b) blowpipe analysis, (c) optical mineralogy, Hobbs; (7) short course in mineralogy, Hobbs; (8) blowpipe analysis and determinative mineralogy, Hobbs; (9) petrology, two courses, Hobbs.

Advanced and graduate work is offered, the character of the work adapted to the individual students. Special facilities are offered in physical and pre-Cambrian geology by Professor Van Hise; in paleontology by Professor Clements; in petrology by Professor Hobbs. There is also a course of synoptical lectures by the three professors, given in 1893-94 and alternate years thereafter.

There were 4 graduate students taking geology as a major study in 1893-94. Of the undergraduates about 33 per cent of the class of '94 clected geology.

The college is well equipped in apparatus and illustrative materials. The geological and mineralogical museum occupies the second floor of the south wing of Science Hall. It contains many topographic relief models; a number of casts of gigantic fossil forms; the Powers collection of fossils, a systematic mineral collection of 2,500 to 3,000 specimens; the W. T. Henry collection of minerals, containing 30,000 to 40,000 specimens, especially representative of the lead and zinc ore deposits of Wisconsin; the Stürtz-Rosenbusch collection of typical European rocks, and the Julien collection of typical American rocks, etc.

At Beloit College geology is taught for nine terms by George L. Collie, professor of geology. No particulars are at hand concerning the courses. The department occupies two floors of Pearson's Science Hall, in which the collections are displayed.

WYOMING.

In Wyoming geology is taught for three terms in the University of Wyoming, Laramie, by Wilber C. Knight, professor of mining engineering and geology. Six courses are offered-five in geology and one in mineralogy: (1) General geology, five hours per week, one year; (2) mineralogy; (3) paleontology, and (4) economic geology, each sixty hours; (5) dynamic and structural geology, sixty hours; (6) field work and thesis, sixty hours. The subject was first taught in 1887 by Prof. J. D. Conley. The Wyoming Collegiate Institute, Big Horn, opened in September, 1894, and will have geology in its course when a class is far enough advanced. It will be taught by H. N. Robinson, jr., along with physics and chemistry.