To know how to breathe properly is an essential requirement for the public speaker. Nothing concerns the production of a good voice in speaking more than a knowledge of proper breathing. This is the very foundation of vocal expression-The so-called diaphragmatic Learn to breathing is the best method for the speaker to adopt. By the mastery of proper breath control the speaker is enabled to keep his throat open and free for the passage of the voice. Thus the throaty quality is done away with and clearness, resonance and power insured. The subject of proper breathing can not be treated at length or in detail here as to do so would take up an undue amount of space. The student is advised to consult some special text-book or books, if available, on the use of the voice, and if possible secure a little personal instruction from some teacher who understands proper breathing as it relates to voice production. In speaking throw your heart and soul into your work. Be in earnest. Earnestness is the prime essential in effective delivery. Earnestness in delivery will cover a multitude of sins; and defects which would otherwise de Be tract will pass unnoticed under the cover of intense earnestness. If the audience can be made to feel that the speaker is in earnest they are ready to give respectful attention. Earnestness in delivery can be developed. If you are naturally lacking in this element of personality devote yourself to the development. of it for it is very essential indeed to effective delivery. Synopsis of Chapter II. I. For General Study and Discussion. 2. Planning Your Speech. II. Thought Purpose of Lesson II. 2. To Learn to Stick to Subject. III. Delivery Purpose. 1. To Throw Out the Voice. IV. Practice Selection for Power in Throwing out the Press on! surmount the rocky steeps, V. Assignment. Be prepared at next meeting of class to give a five minute extemporaneous speech on some subject of your own choosing, paying especial attention to the points about which you have learned in Chapter II. QUESTIONS ON CHAPTER II. Paragraph I. 1. What is one of the first questions that confronts the speaker when called upon for a speech at a certain time? 2.-State what you should and should not do? 3. What kind of subjects should you choose for your first speeches? 4. Is the choosing of a subject for a speech an easy matter. What must you do? 5. Paragraph II. 1. What comes after your subject has been chosen? 2. What is the best plan to follow in the beginning? 3 What two things should the speaker not do? 4. In what condition should the mind be left as you face your audience? 5. Do you need to say a great many things on each point of your speech? 6. Rather what should the speaker do? Paragraph III. 1.-What two main things should the speaker consider in getting material for his speech. 2. What source should the speaker seek first? 3. After you have "thought out" the subject carefully what should you then do? 4.-State some things which it is well for the speaker to observe in regard to the kind of material. Paragraph IV. 1. In addition to mastery of situation and mastery of self what is necessary? 2. What is meant by mastering your subject? 3. What especially should you concern yourself with? Paragraph V. 1. When making a speech what should you do? Why? 2. How is the power of many a speaker spoiled? 3. In what is there always a great temptation? 4. If you wish to become an effective speaker, what should you learn at the outset? Paragraph VI. 1. How is the highest power of the speaker manifested? 2. Of what must you convince your audience? 3. How can you carry conviction to the minds of your hearers? Paragraph VII. 1. To have a good delivery the speaker must learn what? 2. What does this require? 3. What kind of voice action is required to speak in public and hold the attention of a large audience? 4. What must you not be afraid to do? 5. What will dispel attention and put an audience to sleep quicker than anything else? Paragraph VIII. 1.—What concerns the production of a good voice in speaking as much as anything else? 2. What kind of breathing is the best? 3. What is the speaker able to do by proper mastery of breath control? 4. What is the student advised to do in regard to this subject? Paragraph IX. 1. What is one of the prime essentials in effective delivery? 3. If the audience can be made to feel that the speaker is in earnest what are they ready to do? 4. Can earnestness in delivery be developed? 5-If you are naturally lacking in this element of personality, what should you do? CHAPTER III. In Chapter I. we spoke of the General Object of the Study of Extempore Speaking. It is well also to consider the Practical Object. We may say that the general object and the practical object over-lap to some extent, but the latter is more specific. For example we may say that the general object is to acquire ease, fluency Practical Extempore and power in public speech, while the practical object may be said to be to learn how to use and apply this power and ability in a practical way-i. e., for the accomplishment of practical purposes. You are not learning to speak in public merely as an accomplishment. It is a fine thing to be an accomplished speaker, but to use your ability merely for display is not the highest purpose by any means. There are many times and occasions when you can use your ability to further the welfare of your community. One should always study the art of Public Speaking for the practical benefit he may hope to derive from it, and for the practical value of which he may hope to be to his fellow-men. Difference As can readily be perceived there is a great difference between Declamation and Extempore Speaking. Each has its place, but there is no doubt that the study of Extempore Speaking will give to the student greater power than the study of Declamation. In Declamation you are giving the thoughts and ideas of some one else which you have committed to memory. In Extempore Speaking you are giving your own ideas and the result of your own observations expressed in your own words and fresh from the forge of your Extempore own thought. In Declamation the proSpeaking. cess of the mind is one of recalling to memory what you have previously learned. In Extempore Speaking the mental process is one of actual thinking and at the same time clothing the thought in appropriate words. As has been said, Declam Declamation and |