Synopsis of Chapter VI. I. For General Study and Discussion. 1. Value of Enthusiasm in Extempore Speak ing. 2. Value of Enthusiasm as an Element of Personality in Actual Life. 3. What is necessary to make others feel. II. Thought Purpose. To feel Enthusiasm. 1. Mental. 2. Physical. III. Delivery Purpose. 1. To Impart Enthusiasm. 2. To arouse appreciation in others. IV. Practice Selection: "Hark to the bugle's roundelay! Boot and saddle! Up and away! Ride as ye would were your sisters and wives. IV. Assignment-Prepare five minute extempore speech with special attention to thought and delivery purpose of Lesson VI. QUESTIONS ON CHAPTER VI. Paragraph I. 1. What is a valuable asset in extempore speaking? 2. Will the audience ever be more enthusiastic over a subject than the speaker himself? 3. If the audience goes to sleep whose fault is it? 4. Tell of the incident of Henry Ward Beecher and the young preacher, 5. To what kind of a speaker does every audience prefer to listen? Paragraph II. 1.—What is always an incentive to work for the student? 2. What qualities can be developed in the Public Speaking class? 3.—What kind of a man will always be the greatest power for good in a community? 4. What kind of a man do we always like? 5. What will be accomplished by striving to put enthusiasm into your speeches before the class? Paragraph III. 1. 2. he do? 3. What should always be the aim of the student? If he is lacking in the quality of enthusiasm what should How can this be done? 4.- -What can you say of the help to be derived from committing certain passages to memory and practicing on them? 5. What are some of the things the student must do in developing enthusiasm? Paragraph IV. 1. What must one do before he can impart enthusiasm to others? 2. What is one of the best ways to develop this feeling of enthusiasm? 3.- -What must you do that has been stated in a previous lesson? 4. What final injunction is given? Paragraph V. 1. What are the two different kinds of enthusiasm? 2. What is said of many speakers who are mentally enthusiastic but not physically enthusiastic? 3. 4. 5. What are these speakers unable to do? What three things did Demosthenes say were necessary to a successful public speech? From what only can action come? Paragraph VI. 1. Can any man without a great abundance of physicial enthusiasm ever become a great public speaker? 2. State some examples of this. 3. What does Nathan Sheppard say of Gladstone? 4. What does an English newspaper say about the value of enthusiasm? 5. What comment on this does Sheppard make? 6. In what are the majority of our public speakers no doubt deficient? Paragraph VII. 1. Does it necessarily imply that a speaker is going to impart enthusiasm simply because he is enthusiastic himself? 2. What important thing comes in here? 3. State some of the things necessary for the speaker to do in this matter of enthusiasm. 4. What is the kind of enthusiasm that accomplishes results? 5. What is the thing the student should strive for? 6. What is the quotation given in this paragraph showing the relation bettween physical and mental enthusiasm? Paragraph VIII. 1. What should be the constant aim of the student? 2. What is it makes a subject interesting to an audience? 3. What is one of the surest ways to arouse the appreciation of your hearers? 4. How may the best thought be spoiled? 5. What is worthy of the highest consideration and most earnest effort of the student? 6. When is one in a fair way to become an effective speaker? Paragraph IX. 1. What should be the aim of every speaker? 2. How may this response be manifested? 3. Is a speech a failure without this response manifested in some form or other? 4. What are some of the objects of speeches on various occasions and how is response manifested? 5. What should the speaker learn to do? 6. What is a powerful factor in achieving the speaker's object whatever it may be? CHAPTER VII. PREPARATION FOR EXTEMPORE SPEAKING. As has been previously stated in Chapter I. Extempore Speaking does not mean speaking without preparation. As Pittenger has said: "True extemporization relates to the words alone, and leaves full room for the complete preparation of thought." The extemporaneous speaker should always prepare carefully and thoroughly for his speech; and the more careful and thorough his preparation is the more successful his speech As Applied will be. To leave your preparation till to Extempore the last minute or to wait and depend Speaking.. upon the inspiration of the moment is What Is Meant by Preparation very apt to prove fatal to your success. For to the beginning speaker the moment of facing an audience is likely to be anything but an inspired one. The consciousness of having made thorough preparation, the feeling that he has mastered his subject so far as lies in his power is the best support for the speaker in the trying moment of facing an audience to commence his speech. We may say then that preparaton for Extempore Speaking means full preparation so far as the thought is concerned, but leaving the choice of words to the moment of speaking. There are two kinds of preparation involved in the making of extemporaneous addresses, general preparation and special preparation. General Preparation may be said to consist chiefly in having a mind well stored with general knowledge which may be drawn upon at ony time when the making of the speech may require it. This general preparation is secured by General by cultivating the habit of constant Preparation. reading, study, observation, and reflection. He should have an eye out for the constant gathering of speech material. He should learn to think as a speaker, that is with the idea in mind of reproducing his thoughts before an audience. This will necessitate the thorough assimilation of all impressions and ideas that may come to the mind. He should always be on the lookout for pertinent illustrations and anecdotes and store them away in the memory for use in his speech-making whenever occasion may demand. And in this process of general preparation for public speaking it is well to aid the memory by filing away these illustrations, anecdotes and other speech material in some convenient form where they may be available upon demand. It is surprising how when one begins to "think as a speaker" general material for speech-making will crowd in upon him from every hand. Henry Ward Beecher said that he did not believe he ever met a man on the street or see anything in nature which did not contribute some element for a sermon. When one begins to think with the process of speech-making ever before his mind he will find himself making notes from his general reading; he will find himself making clippings from newspapers and magazines, etc., which he can use later on. He will find himself constantly storing away material. And in this constant accumulation of knowledge and speech material the speaker will find his greatest source of General Preparation for Extempore Speaking. And perhaps the best foundation for this general preparation is a good general education. For while one may not use all he knows in any particular speech or upon any particular occasion, yet this general education will give him a power of thought and a breadth of view which the less educated man cannot have. A knowledge of History and of Literature are especially valuable to the speaker in this process of general preparation, for one may often strengthen an argument by an apt historical allusion or comparison; and to be able to enforce a thought by an appropriate quotation will always add strength and interest to a speech. The accumulation of a large knowledge of facts is a necessary element in this general preparation, and, says one great writer upon this subject: "In order to accumulate facts there must be perpetual alertness of mind"; and the same writer further says: "The extemporizer should have as keen a scent for facts as the hound for game." It is impossible to discuss the subject fully here, but enough has been said no doubt to give the student some idea of what is meant by General Preparation |