difference between that price and the price for which the land would have been sold at the time of the breach. For failure to deliver property as per contract, the damages would be considered to be the value of such property at the time and place fixed for its delivery. On a covenant to convey real estate, in the absence of fraud, the measure of damage is the purchase money and interest. Where parties deviate from terms of a special contract to perform work and labor, the contract price will generally be the rule of damages, in an action for the work done. In an action at law, an unliquidated demand for damages is not a proper subject of set-off. If a party should agree to convey a certain lot of land for a thousand dollars, part of which was paid down, and to be received as part of the consideration money, and if the contract was not performed, and the party agreed that if he did not conform to his covenant he would forfeit four hundred dollars, it has been held that this sum would liquidate damages. BUSINESS LAW CONDENSED. There is a large amount of legal verbiage that can be boiled down, so to speak, into the following: — Value received is sometimes written on a note, and should be, but it is not necessary. The law presumes that value has been received when a note is given, and that the fact may be supplied by proof. The maker of an "accommodation" note, for which he has received no consideration, but merely lent his name or credit for the accommodation of the holder, while being bound to all other parties, is not bound to the person accommodated. It is precisely as if there was a good consideration. Where a transaction is illegal, no consideration is sufficient in law. Drafts and checks must be presented for payment without delay. If the maker of a check or draft changes his residence, the holder of same must use necessary diligence to find him. Checks and drafts ought to be presented in business hours, yet in this country the time extends through the day and evening. Banks confine the time within business hours. If a note is lost or stolen it does not release the maker. He must pay it, if the amount and consideration can be proven. Notes bear interest only when so stated. Each partner in a firm is responsible for the entire amount of its debts, except where the partnership is special. No one is excused on account of ignorance of the law. A minor's note is void, also a note made on Sunday. An agreement is void, if it be made without consideration. A note obtained from a person under the influence of liquor (being intoxicated) cannot be collected. Signatures with lead pencil are good in law. The acts of one partner bind all the others. PETTINGILL & CO., BOSTON. NEWSPAPER ADVERTISING AGENCY. It is fairly estimated that from eighty to eighty-five per cent of the newspaper advertising of the country is placed through newspaper advertising agencies. This fact alone should answer the question of the value of their services to the advertiser as well as to the publisher. The system required to properly and successfully conduct the advertising business is a constant occasion for remark by all who visit these offices. In the matter of choice of agencies, our uninterrupted connection of over forty years with the newspapers in all parts of the country, and a constant and careful study of newspaper peculiarities and changes, coupled with the fact of the enormous amount of business which we send to publishers, is an assurance that we can give the best service under the most favorable conditions to the advertiser. The house of Pettingill & Co. was founded in 1849, in the infant days of newspaper advertising, and is probably the oldest and best known newspaper agency in America. Without following its history through the long years of its existence, we will simply speak of its success during the past few years. It has always been the aim of this house to keep up with the march of progress; and the firm is always on the alert for every point of advantage touching their specialty. Artists of reputation and literary men of ability are to be found on their advertising staff; and some of the boldest lines of newspaper and magazine advertising, and those that have been most profitable to advertisers, have originated with Pettingill & Co. The preparation of attractive advertisements; a careful selection of desirable mediums for the business to be advertised; a knowledge of the proper prices to pay in each individual case, the latter information being gained only by large and frequent dealings with the newspapers, are among the advantages that make the services of Pettingill & Co. so valuable to advertisers. Another feature of this office is the checking system, by which all mistakes of the papers are quickly noted and their repetition prevented. Pettingill & Co. keep on file in a special department, which is extensive and complete, copies of all the leading papers and magazines published on the continent. Every issue is received, examined, and checked, a record made of any and all advertisements they have placed therein, and the paper or magazine is preserved for a time for further reference, if necessary, or for the customer's examination. If a client's advertisement is omitted, or incorrectly inserted in any issue, it is at once detected and the matter adjusted. The checking system employed by Pettingill & Co. is probably the most complete and accurate of any yet devised. The success that Pettingill & Co. have won in the advertising field is due to the fact that they realize the need of constant energy, absolute integrity, and the necessity of putting themselves in the place of their clients, and watching their interests as their own. With the advantages of their long experience, extensive contracts, and a complete comprehension of the wants of the great advertising public, and in every particular endeavoring to cover these wants, it has been possible for the house of Pettingill & Co. to maintain their position at the head of the advertising field, and become both an invaluable assistant to the general advertiser, and a firm of importance to the newspaper publishers. Among the clients of Pettingill & Co. are several of the most prominent advertisers in America, enterprising firms who realize the wonderful wealth-giving power of modern newspaper advertising. THE MAN OF BUSINESS AND THE BUSINESS MAN. (From "Worth and Wealth.") It is a great mistake to confound these two characters, as is frequently done by the thoughtless and unreflecting. The difference between them is the difference between the man who ascends the ladder of fortune with a quick, lithe, and easy step, and he who is always attempting to climb, and never gets beyond the first round or two of the ascent. And how many of this latter class do we see,—the men of business who are always standing at the bottom looking upward, yet never put their hands and feet to the work. They don't exercise the business talent and energies which they possess, but fold their hands and stand spellbound, while the man of quick, lively, and venturesome parts takes hold and mounts up, securing a firm grasp upon each round of the ladder, as he fearlessly and rapidly advances in the upward way of fortune. But we will endeavor to give a more definite explanation of the difference between these two classes. The man of business and the business man both have business to do; but the business man is the one who does it. The business man thinks, moves, acts, and makes himself felt in the world. If a thought comes into his head it is one of breadth and compass, it does n't centre on self and its narrow world. It reaches away and embraces others. It has a wide range, and does not stop till it touches and affects for good the interests of all. Nor are the thoughts of such men immobile. They become acting, living realities in the wide and busy world. The authors of them make of these business thoughts, actualities, give them "local habitation and a name," and steamboats are built, an ocean is navigated, and distant climes and nations brought together; an electric telegraph springs into being as by enchantment, and lightning becomes garrulous and voluble, and thought out-travels the winged winds; and in a twinkling the bands and shackles of trade are loosened. Such are the work He awakens the drowsy and helpless multitudes, puts life and thought, energy and action into them, and makes the world leap, rejoicing, along the path of ages. Where its step before was but a single year, now it strides by scores and fifties. "Men of thought, men of action, Clear the way." And they do clear the way their thoughts become tangible, moving, demolishing forces that break down and crush all opposing barriers, opening a pathway of progress, into which the more sluggish and timid portion of humanity may securely travel. But the man of business is emphatically what the name indicates. His business is always on his hands. He does n't do it. He doesn't know how to go to work in the right way. His thoughts are all measured and slow. He weighs self-made doubts and supposed contingencies, and, before he moves, the business man gets up and runs away from him and wins the race. He is The man of business won't go ahead; he only eddies round and round, he does n't" progress," his path is a circle. He does n't find himself at night many miles on his journey's way, but, like the hour-hand of a clock, just where he started. not clear and decided in what he does, but often stands hesitating and puzzled. He ventures and falls back; has a stout heart in fancy, but none in fact. Such a man may get a living- he may even help others to live, but the throbbing heart of the great world will not be accelerated by his presence nor his work. Thus you will perceive that a man of business is not necessarily a business man. 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