been content to have enflaved millions, be mi have been more a monarch than an unpr king. But he did not only look upon his the guardian of the laws and liberties of his c try, but had also a pride in his nature that w bove vice; and chofe rather to be a victim bin than to facrifice his integrity. He had or part to act, which was that of an honch His enemies allowed themselves a much gr latitude; they loaded him with calumnies, hot him even for their own errors and mifconduciv helped to ruin him by fuch buffooneries as he pifed. He was a much greater, perhaps a happier, man, alone and in exile, than C II. upon his throne." His character is thase by Mr Walpole: "Sir Edward Hyde, who pofed an arbitrary court, and embraced the ty of an afflicted one, muft be allowed to har ted confcienticufly. A better proof was an a haviour on the restoration, when the torrent infatuated nation intreated the king and his a ter to be abfolute. Had Clarendon fought not but power, his power had never ceased. An rupted court and a blinded populace were caufes of the chancellor's fall, than an ungr king, who could not pardon his lordship's refufed to accept for him the flavery of h try. Like juftice herself, he held the bare tween the neceffary power of the fuprem giftrate and the interefts of the people. ver dying obligation his cotemporaries were to overlook and clamour againft, till they rem the only man, who, if he could, would have rected his mafter's evil government. Almos ry virtue of a minifter made his character veneran Ás an hiftorian, he seems more exception His majefty and eloquence, his power of pas characters, his knowledge of his fubject, randk in the firft clafs of writers; yet he has both out and little faults. Of the latter, his for a ghofts and omens are not to be defended capital fault is his whole work being a labo juftification of king Charles If he relates tin fome palliating epithet always flides in; a has the art of breaking his darkest shades da gleams of light that take off all impreflion of ror. One may pronounce on my lord Clara * in his double capacity of ftatesman and hitter that he acted for liberty; but wrote for pr tive."

cellor of the exchequer, a privy counsellor, and knight. Upon the decline of the king's caufe, he went to France, where, after the death of king Charles I. he was fworn of the privy council to Charles II. In 1649, he and lord Cottington were fent ambassadors extraordinary into Spain, and in 1657 he was conftituted lord high chancellor of England. In 1659, the duke of York fell in love with Mrs Anne Hyde, the lord chancellor's eldest daughter, but carefully concealed the amour both from the king and chancellor. After the reftoration, however, he fufilled his promife of marriage, and her father was chofen chancellor of the univerfity of Oxford ; foon after created baron Hindon, viscount Cornbury, and earl of Clarendon; and on the death of Henry lord Falkland, was made lord lieutenant of Oxfordshire. He took care neither to load the king's prerogative, nor encroach upon the liberties of the people; and therefore would not fet afide the petition of right, nor endeavour to raise the ftar-chamber or high-commiffion courts again: nor did he attempt to repeal the bill for triennial parliaments; and when he might have obtained two millions for a ftanding revenue, he asked only 1,200,ocol. a-year, which he thought would ftill keep the king dependent upon his parliament. In this juft conduct he is faid to have been influenced by his father's dying advice. Some years before, when he began to grow eminent in the law, he went down to vifit his father in Wiltshire; who, one day as they were walking in the fields, obferved to him, that men of his profeffion were apt to ftretch the prerogative too far, and to injure liberty; but charged him, if ever he came to any eminence in his profeffion, never to facrifice the laws and liberty of his country to his own intereft, or the will of his prince: he repeated his advice twice; and immediately falling into a fit of an apoplexy, died in a few hours. This circumftance had a lafting influence upon him. In 1662, he oppofed a propofal for the king's marriage with the infanta of Portugal, and the tale of Dunkirk : In 1663, articles of high treafon were exhibited againft him by the earl of Bristol; but they were rejected by the houfe of lords. In 1664, he oppofed the war with Holland. In Aug. 1667, he was removed from his post of lord chancellor; and in Novem ber following impeached of high treafon and o. ther crimes and mifdemeanors, by the houfe of commons: upon which he retired into France, when a bill was paffed for banifhing him from the king's dominions. See ENGLAND, $55, 56. He refided at Rouen in Normandy; and dying there in 1674, his body was brought to England and interred in Weftminster Abbey. He wrote, 1. A hiftory of the rebellion, 3 vols folio, and 6 vols 8vo; a 2d part of which was lately bequeathed to the public by his lordf.ip's defcendant the late lord Hyde and Cornbury. 2. A letter to the duke of York, and another to the duchess of York, upon their embracing the Romith religion. 3. An anfwer to Hobbes's Leviathan. 4. A history of the rebellion and civil wars in Ireland, 8vo. and fome other works. The rev. Mr Granger, in his Brographical History of England, obferves, that "the virtue of the earl of Clarendon was of too itubborn a nature for the age of Charles II. Could he have

(2.) HYDE, Henry, E. of Clarendon, the fa the Chancellor, (N° 1.) was born in 168 took the degree of M. A. at Oxford, aftert ftoration, which he co-operated with his fathe forwarding, (having early acquired the art of phering,) and was made chamberlain to the q The perfecution his father fuffered from the tiers led him to join the oppofition, among w he made a confiderable figure as a public foci in both houfes; for he continued his opport to the court measures, after fucceeding his fat in 1674. But, upon his oppofing the bill of clufion, he was made a privy counsellor in th On the acceffion of James II, he was made b privy feal, and lord lieut. of Ireland, but was the zealous a proteftant,to be long continued by th bigotted monarch in thefe offices. Upon the volution, however, he refufed to take the e

. William, upon which he was imprisoned in Tower for a few months. After this he lived - d at his country feat, where he died in 1709, 171 His State Letters during his government reland, and his Diary for 1687, 8, 9 and 90, - published in 2 vols 4to in 1763, from the endon prefs, Oxford.

to the Carnatic, and cut to pieces a British detachment under Col. Baillie; but his victorious career was foon ftopt by Sir Eyre Coote, who, with a force scarce exceeding 7000 men, gained a complete victory over Hyder Ali at the head of 150,000, and defeated him 6 times fucceffively afterwards, the laft of which victories was obtained on the 7th June 1782. Hyder died in Dec. 1782, five months before Gen. Coote.

) HYDE, Thomas, D. D. professor of Arabic Oxford, and one of the most learned writers le 17th century, was born in 1636; and ftudirft at Cambridge, and afterwards at Oxford. re he was 18 years of age, he was fent from bridge to London to affift Mr Brian Walton he great work of the Polyglot Bible; and a that period undertook to tranfcribe the PerPentateuch out of the Hebrew characters, Abp. Ufher, who well knew the difficulty e undertaking, pronounced to be an impofifk to a native Perfian. After he had happicceeded in this, he affifted in correcting fevearts of Mr Walton's work, for which he was y qualified. He was made archdeacon of icefter, canon of Chrift-church, head keeper e Bodleian library, and professor of Hebrew Arabic, in the university of Oxford. He nterpreter and secretary of the Oriental lanes, during the reigns of Charles II, James II, William III.; and was perfect y qualified to us poft, as he could converfe in all these lan8. There never was an Englishman in his tion of life who made fo great a progrefs; is mind was fo engroffed by his beloved ftu that he did not appear to advantage in comconverfation. Of all his learned works (the catalogue of which, as obferved by Anth. d, is a curiofity,) his Religio Veterum Perfais the most celebrated. Dr Gregory Sharpe, learned and ingenious mafter of the Temhas collected feveral of his pieces formerly ed, and republished them, with fome addiI differtations. and his life prefixed, in two nt vols. 4to. He died on the 18th Feb. 1702. ng his other works are, 1. A Latin tranflaof Uing Beig's obfervations on the longitude laritude of the fixed ftars; and, 2. A catat of the printed books in the Bodleian library. HYDE, a maritime county of N. Carolina, ewbern district; bounded on the E. by the ntic, S. by Carteret, W. by Beaufort, and y Tyrrel counties. It contained 3,072 citiand 1048 flaves in 1795.

7) HYDE, 3 English villages, in Berkshire, fet hire and Warwickshire.

YDER ALY, or ALI, a famous Indian ufurper, for fome time a formidable opponent of the fh intereft in the East Indies. He was the of a killadar, or governor of a fort, to the king lyfore, and acquired his skill in military tactics e French army In 1753, he diftinguished elf as their auxiliary at Trichinopoly. In 3, being commander of the Myfore army, he roned his fovereign, and governed the kingunder the title of regent. In the wars with British between 1767 and 1770, he difplayed Et foirit and abilities; but in 1771 he was to defeated by the Mahrattahs. During the e that followed he greatly improved his army revenues. In 1780, he made an irruption in

HYDESPARK, a township of Vermont, in Orleans county, 126 miles N. by E. of Bennington. HYDNUM, in botany: A genus of the natural order of fungi, belonging to the cryptogamia clafs of plants. The fungus is echinated or prickly on the under fide. One of the fpecies, viz.

HYDNUM IMBRICATUM, is a native of Britain, and is found in woods. It has a convex hat, tiled, ftanding on a smooth pillar, of a pale flesh-colour, with white prickles. It is eaten in Italy, and is faid to be of a very delicate taste.

(1.) * HYDRA. n. f. [hydra, Lat.] A monfter with many heads lain by Hercules: whence any multiplicity of evils is termed a bydra.— New rebellions rife

Their bydra heads, and the falfe North displays Her broken league to imp her ferpent wings. Milton.

More formidable hydra ftands within, Whofe jaws with iron-teeth feverely grin.

Subdue

Dryden's En.

The hydra of the many headed hiffing crew."
Dryden.

(2.) HYDRA, in fabulous hiftory, was a ferpent in the marth of Lerna, in Peloponnefus, with many heads, one of which being cut off, another, or two others, immediately fucceeded in its place, unless the wound was inftantly cauterized. Hercules attacked this monfter; and having caufed Iolaus to hew down wood for flaming brands, as he cut off the heads he applied the brands to the wounds, by which means he deftroyed the Hydra. This hydra is fupposed to have been a multitude of ferpents, which infefted the marihes of Lerna near Mycene, and feemed to multiply as they were deftroyed. Hercules, with the affiftance of his companions, cleared the country of them, by burning the reeds in which they lodged.

13.) HYDRA, in aftronomy, a fouthern conftellation, confifting of a number of stars, imagined to reprefent a water ferpent. See ASTRONOMY, 548.

(4.) HYDRA, in geography, an island in the Grecian Archipelago. Lon. 43. 25. E. of Ferro. Lat. 37. 15. N.

(5.) HYDRA, in zoology, a genus of the order of zoophyta, belonging to the clafs of vermes. There are feveral fpecies, known by the general name of polypes. See ANIMALCULE, 5, 8; and POLYPE.

(1.) HYDRABAD, a province of Hindoostan, now called GOLCONDA, which fee.

(2.) HYDRABAD, the capital of Golconda, and of the Deccan, a large city, feated in a plain, on the banks of a river that runs into the Kiftna. It is turrounded with walls, and defended with towers; and contains above 100,000 inhabitants. It is 690 miles S. of Delhi, and 270 NNW. of Ma.

dras

dras, according to Mr Cruttwell, but Dr Brookes and J. Walker make it 352 miles N. by E. of that city. Lon. 78. 52. E. Lat. 17. 17. N.

(3.) HYDRABAD, a fort of Hindoostan Proper, in the province of Sindy, the refidence of a Mahometan prince, who is tributary to the king of Candahar. It is feated on the Indus, near Nufferpour. Lon. 69. 30. E. Lat. 25. 29. N.

(1.)* HYDRÁGOGUES. n. f. [dwg and yw; bydragogue, Fr.) Such medicines as occafion the difcharge of watery humours, which is generally the cafe of the ftronger catharticks, because they thake moft forcibly the bowels and their appendages. Quincy.

(2.) HYDRAGOGUES, [from dwg, water, and ays, to draw,] are used in dropfies; but the original ufe of the term proceeded upon a mittaken fuppofition, that every purgative had fome particular humour which it would evacuate, and which could not be evacuated by any other. It is now, however, difcovered, that all ftrong purgatives will prove hydragogues, if given in large quantity, or in weak conftitutions. The principal medicines, recommended as hydragogues, are the juice of el. der, the roots of iris, foldanella, mechoacan, jalap, &c.

HYDRANGEA, in botany: a genus of the digynia order, belonging to the decandria clafs of plants; and in the natural method ranking under the 13th order, Succulenta. The capfule is bilocular, biroftrated, and cut round, or parting horizontally. There is but one fpecies, viz.

HYDRANGEA ARBORESCENS, a native of North America, from whence it has lately been brought to Europe, and is preferved in gardens, more for the fake of variety than beauty. It rifes about 3 feet high; and has many foft pithy ftalks, garnifhed with two oblong heart-shaped leaves placed oppofite. The flowers are produced at the top of the ftalks in a corymbus. They are white, composed of 5 petals with 10 ftamina furrounding the ftyle. Thefe plants are easily propagated by parting the roots, in the end of October. They thrive beft in a moift foil, but must be sheltered from froft.

HYDRARGYRUM, mercury, or quickfilver; fo called from dwg, water, and agyugos, filver; q. d. avater of filver, on account of its refembling liquid or melted filver.

HYDRASTIS, in botany, a genus of the poly gamia order, belonging to the polyandria clafs of plants; and in the natural method ranking with thofe of which the order is doubtful. There is neither calyx nor nectarium; there are 3 petals; and the berry is compofed of monofpermous acini. * HYDRAULICAL.

the motion of fluids, and the construction of £ kinds of inftruments and machines relating ther to. See HYDROSTATICS, Part II.

HYDRAULICO-PNEUMATICAL, adj. a term plied to engines, which raise water by meat air. See HYDROSTATICS, Part II. Sec. VII–L HYDRENTEROCELE, in furgery, a fpecie.r hernia, wherein the inteftines defcend into t scrotum, together with a quantity of water.

(1.) HYDRIA, or IDRIA, a town of Germ in Carniola, 9 miles SSW. of Crainburg, and, of Vienna.

(2.) HYDRIA, a river of Carniola, which riser Gewelb, and runs paft the town of Hr (N° 1.) into the Lifonzo.

(1.)* HYDROCELE. n. f. [vnàn; byórsve Fr. A watery rupture.

(2.) HYDROCELE, in furgery, denotes any be nia arifing from water; but is particularly for fuch a one of the ferotum, which fometas grows to the fize of one's head, without pain, exceedingly troublesome. See SURGERY,

12.

(1.) HYDROCEPHALUS. ». f. [idwg and gaan.] A dropfy in the head.-A bydrocepbom, = dropfy of the head, is only incurable whe ferum is extravafated into the ventricles of tæ brain. Arbuthnot on Diet.

(2.) HYDROCEPHALUS is a preternatural fion of the head to an uncommon size, by ze nation and extravafation of the lymph; when collected in the infide of the cram then termed internal; as that collected at outside is termed external. See MEDICINE, ham

HYDROCHARIS, the LITTLE WATERLEN a genus of the enneandria order, belonging to tr dicia clafs of plants; and in the natural sexd ranking under the first order, Palms. The tha of the male is diphyllous; the calyx the corolla tripetalous; the three interior file ftyliferous. The female calyx trifid; the cam tripetalous; the ftyles fix; the capsule has to and is polyfpermous inferior. There is any fpecies, a native of Britain, growing in r ftreams and wet ditches. It has kidney-ky": leaves, thick, smooth, and of a brownih gu colour, with white bloffoms. There is a va with double flowers of a very sweet smell.

HYDROCOTYLE, WATER NAVELWORT, genus of the digynia order, belonging to the tandria class of plants; and in the natural mat ranking under the 45th order, Umbellate. [umbel is fimple; the involucrum tetraphy the petals entire; the feeds are half round -compreffed. There are several species, ac which are ever cultivated in gardens. One

grounds, is fuppofed by the farmers to occa the rot in sheep. The leaves have central ftalks, with about 5 flowers in a rundle; they' tals are of a reddith white.

HYDROGENE GAS, or ) See CHEMIST HYDROGENOUS GAS. Index. Chisevic bon, an ingenious French chemiit, has cont ́s a method of producing from hydrogene as only a very clear light, but a very free les Judging both from the implicity and extr dinary effects of this experiment, (lays a Fu writer) it feems to be an application of the f*

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