237. Joint resolution authorizing the President to employ the Armed Forces of the United States for protecting the security of Formosa, the Pescadores, and related positions and territories of that area, 238. Report of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations on the Mutual Defense Treaty with the Republic of China, February 8, 1955---- 239. Report of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations on the Inter- American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance (Rio Pact), December 5, 1947. 974 PREFACE By Senator Hubert H. Humphrey, Chairman A major part of the history of the League of Nations related to the search for a means of reconciling disarmament and security. The same problem has held much of the attention of the United Nations. For the past decade these interrelated questions, disarmament and security, have been the subject of almost continuous diplomatic negotiations between nations. A new element has been added to the urgency of the problem since 1945-nuclear power, with its possibilities of mass destruction. It has made the control of armaments one of the great issues of our times. This collection of documents has been prepared at my request to facilitate the inquiry of the Subcommittee on Disarmament into the problem. It is the first time, so far as I am aware, that an attempt has been made to bring together in a single volume not only important documents on control and reduction of armaments, but a sufficient number of those related to security to afford a basis for a balanced. consideration of the subject. The 239 documents included in this collection in full text or excerpt are divided into three main parts: (I) Disarmament: Historical Background (1919-1945); (II) Problems of Disarmament and Security; and (III) Related Action in Congress. Part I consists of some of the main treaties relating to disarmament which were entered into during the interwar period. The documents in part II are grouped under "problem area" headings, designed to facilitate consideration of the interrelationship of disarmament, security and peaceful settlement; the international control of weapons of mass destruction; the complex and crucial issues of inspection, control, and phasing in a disarmament system; control of arms, ammunition and strategic materials; and problems of disarmament and security from a regional standpoint, in Europe, the Far East, the Middle East, and Latin America. Part III parallels the second in its main outlines, providing a collection of illustrative congressional acts, reports, and resolutions, particularly those of the Senate. It indicates the significant part Congress has played and continues to play in these matters. There is appended to the collection a selected bibliography of supplementary official documentation as well as books and articles on aspects of disarmament from nonofficial sources. Mary G. Shepard, Foreign Affairs Division, Legislative Reference Service, Library of Congress, compiled the documents under the direction of the subcommittee staff. The collection is intended primarily for the use of the Subcommittee on Disarmament during the course of its study. I hope that it may also be helpful to the executive branch and to the American public in examining the issues and formulating policies respecting disarmament. The collection does not necessarily reflect the views of the subcommittee or any of its members. XV DISARMAMENT AND SECURITY A Collection of Documents 1919-55 PART I. DISARMAMENT: HISTORICAL BACKGROUND (1919-45) 1. LIMITATION OF ARMAMENTS OF GERMANY: THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES, JUNE 28TH, 1919 (EXCERPT).1 In order to render possible the initiation of a general limitation of the armaments of all nations, Germany undertakes strictly to observe the military, naval and air clauses which follow. EFFECTIVES AND CADRES OF THE ARMY. ARTICLE 160. (1) By a date which must not be later than March 31st, 1920, the German Army must not comprise more than seven divisions of infantry and three divisions of cavalry. The total number of effectives in the Army of the States constituting Germany must not exceed one hundred thousand men, including officers and establishments of depots. The Army shall be devoted exclusively to the maintenance of order within the territory and to the control of the frontiers. The total effective strength of officers, including the personnel of staffs, whatever their composition, must not exceed four thousand. (2) Divisions and Army Corps headquarters staffs shall be organised in accordance with Table No. 1 annexed to this Section. The number and strength of the units of infantry, artillery, engineers, technical services and troops laid down in the aforesaid table constitute maxima which must not be exceeded. The following units may each have their own depot: An Infantry regiment; A Cavalry regiment; A regiment of Field Artillery; A battalion of Pioneers. (3) The divisions must not be grouped under more than two army corps headquarters staffs. Ratifications exchanged at London, March 18th, 1922. League of Nations. Armaments Yearbook 1937. Document Official No. C.290.M.191.1937.IX. Geneva, October 1937, pp. 924-932. The Treaty of St. Germain-en-Laye with Austria (September 10, 1919), the Treaty of Trianon with Hungary (June 4, 1919), and the Treaty of Neuilly with Bulgaria (November 27, 1919), contained similar provisions for the limitation of the armaments of the defeated countries. 73652-56 1 The maintenance or formation of forces differently grouped or of other organisations for the command of troops or for preparation for war is forbidden. The Great German General Staff and all similar organisations shall be dissolved and may not be reconstituted in any form. The officers, or persons in the position of officers, in the Ministries of War in the different States in Germany and in the Administrations attached to them, must not exceed three hundred in number and are included in the maximum strength of four thousand laid down in the third sub-paragraph of paragraph (1) of this article. TABLE NO. I. STATE AND ESTABLISHMENT OF ARMY CORPS HEADQUARTERS STAFFS AND OF INFANTRY AND CAVALRY DIVISIONS. These tabular statements do not form a fixed establishment to be imposed on Germany, but the figures contained in them (number of units and strengths) represent maximum figures, which should not in any case be exceeded. |