OR METHODS OF TEACHING THE COMMON BRANCHES, ORTHOEPY, ORTHOGRAPHY, GRAMMAR, GEOGRAPHY, INCLUDING THE OUTLINES, TECHNICALITIES, EXPLANATIONS, DEMONSTRATIONS, INTRODUCTORY AND PECULIAR TO EACH BRANCH, BY ALFRED HOLBROOK, PRINCIPAL OF NORMAL SCHOOL, LEBANON, OHIO. NEW YORK: PUBLISHED BY A. S. BARNES & BURR, 51 & 53 JOHN STREET. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1859, BY A. S. BARNES & BURR, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York. 181147 JAN 22 1914 IUC ·H67 PREFACE. MULTITUDES of growing teachers spend money by tens or hundreds every year, in visiting schools, in order, that by witnessing the operations of teachers of acknowledged ability, they may improve or remodel their own systems. This volume is designed to take a working school on a visit to teachers. It presents to its readers in succession, classes in the several grades of the common branches in actual operation, and the teachers pursuing such methods as have proved abundantly successful with large numbers who have tried them. The Normal has been undertaken as a matter of necessity for training classes of Teachers. All books hitherto written for teachers, being designed only as reference books, are too general to be used as text books. If Teaching is a science, it can be taught as a science; and text books can be used with as much advantage as in other sciences. As the work has progressed, the different PARTS have been brought to the test in Classes of Teachers, and have been found greatly to facilitate the peculiar duties and labors of the Normal School. The different PARTS, as they have appeared from time to time, have been used by many hundreds of teachers as Guide-books in their school-room duties, being consulted, more or less, daily, for hints and aids in the management of the several classes. From many such teachers, in the different grades of schools, both public and private, the author has received encouraging assurances of the utility, the necessity of the work. In numerous instances teachers, aided by its directions and suggestions, have remodeled their entire operations, and from very indifferent materials, as they had supposed, have been able to reconstruct and build up an efficient and successful system. The PARTS on Geography, Grammar, and Arithmetic, are used by pupils as well as teachers, for |