and Spanish fleet. The people of the capital, led by Governor Johnson and Colonel Rhett, prepared for a stubborn defence. One of the French vessels succeeded in getting to shore with eight hundred troops, but they were driven back with a loss of three hundred in killed and prisoners. The siege was at once abandoned.

16. In the spring of 1715, the Yamassees rose upon the frontier settlements and committed an atrocious massacre. The desperate savages came within a short distance of the capital; and the whole colony was threatened with destruction. But Governor Craven rallied the militia, and the savages were pursued to the banks of the Salkehatchie. Here a decisive battle was fought, and the Indians were completely routed. The Yamassees collected their tribe and retired into Florida.

17. At the close of the war the assembly petitioned the proprietors to bear a portion of the expense. But they refused, and would take no measures for the protection of the colony. The people, greatly burdened with rents and taxes, grew dissatisfied with the proprietary government. In the new election every delegate was chosen by the popular party. When James Moore, the new chief magistrate elected by the people, was to be inaugurated, Governor Johnson tried to prevent the ceremony. But the militia collected in the public square, and before nightfall the government of Carolina was overthrown. Governor Moore was duly inaugurated in the name of King George I.

18. Francis Nicholson was soon afterward commissioned as governor. He began his duties by concluding treaties of peace with the Cherokees and the Creeks. But another change in colonial affairs was now at hand. In 1729 seven of the proprietors of Carolina sold their claims in the province to the king. The sum paid by George II. for the two colonies was twenty-two thousand five hundred pounds. Royal governors were appointed, and the affairs of the province were settled on a permanent basis.

19. The people who colonized South Carolina were brave and chivalrous. The Huguenot, the Scotch Presbyterian, the English dissenter, the Irish adventurer, and the Dutch mechanic, composed the material of the PALMETTO STATE. Equally with the Puritans of the North, the South Carolinians were lovers of

liberty. The people who were once governed by the peaceful Archdale, and once led to war by the gallant Craven, became the leaders in politeness and honor between man and man.

RECAPITULATION.

A colony is sent out under West and Sayle.-Settles on Ashley River.-Locke's constitution is rejected.-And a simple government adopted.-West becomes governor.-And then Yeamans.-Slavery is introduced.-Rapid immigration.— Charleston is founded.-An Indian war arises.-Immigrants arrive from England, Scotland, and Ireland.-The Huguenots come to South Carolina.-Colleton becomes governor.-Is overthrown.-Sothel takes the office.-Is banished.-Ludwell next. The proprietors abrogate the Grand Model.-Administration of Archdale.-Moore succeeds.-The war with Florida.-Moore and Daniel attempt to take St. Augustine.-Moore's campaign against the Indians.-The dissenters are disfranchised. The act is revoked by Parliament.-The Spaniards besiege Charleston.-And are repelled.-The Yamassees are conquered.-Revolution in South Carolina.-Nicholson is governor.-The proprietors sell Carolina to the king. A royal government is established.-Character of the people.

GE

CHAPTER XXIX.

GEORGIA.`

EORGIA, the thirteenth American colony, was founded by James Oglethorpe, an English philanthropist. The laws of England permitted imprisonment for debt. Thousands of English laborers were annually arrested and thrown into jail. In order to provide a refuge for the poor and the distressed, Oglethorpe appealed to George II. for the privilege of planting a colony in America. The petition was favorably heard, and on the 9th of June, 1732, a charter was issued by which the territory between the Savannah and Altamaha Rivers, and westward to the Pacific, was granted to a corporation, to be held in trust for the poor. In honor of the king, the new province was named GEORGIA.

2. Oglethorpe, who was a brave soldier and a member of Parliament, was the principal member of the corporation. To him the leadership of the first colony to be planted on the Savannah was entrusted. By the middle of November a hundred and twenty emigrants were ready to sail for the New World. In January of 1733 the

company was

welcomed at

Charleston.

Further south the colonists entered the river, and, on the 1st of February, laid the foundations of Sa

vannah. Broad

streets were laid out, and a beautiful village of tents and board

houses appeared among the pine trees. 3. Tomo

chichi, chief

of the Yama

JAMES OGLETHORPE.

"Here is a

craws, came from his cabin to see the new-comers. present for you," said he to Oglethorpe. The present was a buffalo robe painted with the head and feathers of an eagle. "The feathers are soft, and signify love; the buffalo skin is the emblem of protection. Therefore love us and protect us," said the old chieftain. Seeing the advantages of peace, Oglethorpe invited the Muskhogees to a council at his capital. The conference was held on the 29th of May. Long King, the sachem, spoke for all the

tribes. The English were welcomed to the country. Gifts were made, and the governor responded with words of friendship.

4. The councilors in England encouraged emigration. Swiss peasants, Scotch Highlanders, and German Protestants all found a home on the Savannah. In April of 1734, Oglethorpe, accompanied by Tomo-chichi, made a visit to England. It was said in London that no colony was ever before founded so wisely as Georgia. The councilors prohibited the importation of rum. Traffic with the Indians was regulated by a license. Slavery was positively forbidden. While the governor was still abroad, a company of Moravians arrived at Savannah.

5. In February of 1736, Oglethorpe came back with a colony of three hundred. These were also Moravians, people of deep piety and fervent spirit. First among them was John Wesley, the founder of Methodism. He came to Georgia to spread the gospel and convert the Indians. But he was doomed to much disappointment in his work; and after a residence of less than two years he left the colony. His brother, Charles Wesley, came also as a secretary to Governor Oglethorpe. In 1738 the famous George Whitefield came and preached with fiery eloquence through all the colonies.

6. Meanwhile, Oglethorpe, anticipating war with Florida, began to fortify. All of Georgia was embraced in the Spanish claim. But Oglethorpe had a charter for the territory as far south as the Altamaha. In 1736 he ascended the Savannah and built a fort at Augusta. On the north bank of the Altamaha, Fort Darien was built. On St. Simon's Island a fortress was erected and named Frederica. The St. John's was claimed from this time forth as the southern boundary of Georgia. The governor again visited England, and returned with a regiment of troops.

7. In October, 1739, England published a declaration of war against Spain. In the first week of the following January, Oglethorpe invaded Florida, and captured two fortified towns. turning to Charleston, he induced the assembly to support his measures; and with a force of more than a thousand men he marched against St. Augustine. The place was besieged for five weeks. But sickness prevailed in the English camp. The troops

of Carolina, despairing of success, marched homeward. The English vessels abandoned the siege and returned to Frederica. Oglethorpe, yielding to necessity, collected his men and withdrew into Georgia.

8. The Spaniards now determined to carry the war into Georgia. Preparations began on a vast scale. In June of 1742, a fleet of thirty-six vessels, carrying more than three thousand troops, sailed from St. Augustine for the reduction of Fort William on Cumberland Island. But Oglethorpe reinforced the garrison, and then fell back to Frederica. The Spanish vessels followed. From the southern point of the island to Frederica, Oglethorpe had cut a road which lay between a morass and a forest. Along this path the Spaniards must pass to attack the town.

30

31

32

33

82

Augusta

UCHEE

souchee R.

Altamaha

81

80

Savanna

MASSEE S

Ogeechee R

Darien

Fredericy

Ebenezer

Savannah

EdistoR.

Ashley R.

rleston

Ossabaw Id,

Bloody Marsh SetSimon's Id.

CEAN

9. In order to cope with superior numbers, the English general resorted to stratagem. He wrote a letter to a French deserter in the Spanish camp, telling him that two British fleets were coming to America to aid Oglethorpe; and that if the Spaniards did not make an immediate attack on Frederica, they would be captured. The letter was delivered, and the Frenchman was arrested as a spy; but the Spaniards were perplexed, and it was finally decided to make the attack on Frederica.

10. The English general posted his men between the swamp and the forest. On the 7th of July the enemy reached the pass, were fired on from the thicket and driven back in confusion. The main