the province had been purchased, in 1789, for thirty thousand dollars. The census of the United States, for 1790, showed a population of three million nine hundred and twenty-nine thousand.

7. After the defeat of Harmar, General St. Clair, with two thousand men, set out from Fort Washington to break the power of the Miamis. On the 4th of November, he was attacked in the south-west angle of Mercer county, Ohio, by more than two thousand warriors, led by Little Turtle and several American renegades. After a terrible battle, St. Clair was completely defeated, with a loss of half his men. The fugitives retreated precipitately to Fort Washington. The news of the disaster spread sorrow throughout the land. St. Clair was superseded by General Wayne, whom the people had named Mad Anthony.

8. The population of Kentucky had now reached seventy-three thousand. Seventeen years before, Daniel Boone, the hardy hunter of North Carolina, had settled at Boonesborough. Harrodsburg and Lexington were founded about the same time. During the Revolution the pioneers were constantly beset by the savages. After the expedition of General Clarke, in 1779, thousands of immigrants came annually. In the mean time, Virginia had relinquished her claim to the territory; and on the 1st of June, 1792, Kentucky was admitted into the Union. At the presidential election of 1792, Washington was again unanimously chosen; as Vice-President, John Adams was reëlected.

9. Washington's second administration was greatly troubled in its relations with foreign governments. Citizen Genet, who was sent by the French republic as minister to the United States, arrived at Charleston, and was greeted with great enthusiasm. Taking advantage of his popularity, the ambassador fitted out privateers to prey on the commerce of Great Britain, and planned an expedition against Louisiana. When Washington refused to enter into an alliance with France, the minister threatened to appeal to the people. But Washington stood unmoved, and demanded the minister's recall. The authorities of France heeded the demand, and Genet was superseded by M. Fouchet.

10. In 1794 the country was disturbed by a difficulty in Western Pennsylvania, known as THE WHISKY INSURRECTION.

Congress had, three years previously, imposed a tax on all ardent spirits distilled in the United States. Genet and his partisans had incited the people of the distilling regions to resist the taxcollectors. The disaffected rose in arms. Washington issued two proclamations, warning the insurgents to disperse; but instead of obeying, they fired upon the officers of the government. General Henry Lee, with a strong detachment of troops, then marched to the scene of the disturbance and dispersed the rioters.

11. In the fall of 1793, General Wayne entered the Indian country with a force of three thousand men. Near the scene of St. Clair's defeat, he built Fort Recovery, and then pressed on to the junction of the Au Glaize and the Maumee. Here he . built Fort Defiance. Descending the Maumee, he sent proposals of peace to the Indians, who were in council but a few miles distant. Little Turtle would have made a treaty; but the majority were for battle. On the 20th of August, Wayne overtook the savages at the town of Waynesfield, and routed them with terrible losses. The chieftains were obliged to purchase peace by ceding to the United States all the territory east of a line drawn from Fort Recovery to the mouth of the Kentucky River. This was the last service of General Wayne. In December of 1796, he died and was buried at Presque Isle.

12. In 1793 George III. issued instructions to British privateers to seize all neutral vessels found trading in the French West Indies. The United States had no notification of this measure; and American commerce to the value of many millions of dollars was swept from the sea. Chief-Justice Jay was sent as envoy to demand redress of the British government. Contrary to expectation, his mission was successful; and in November of 1794, an honorable treaty was concluded. It was specified in the treaty that Great Britain should make reparation for the injuries done, and surrender to the United States certain Western posts which until now had been held by England.

13. In 1795 the boundary between the United States and Louisiana was settled. Spain granted to the Americans the free navigation of the Mississippi. About this time a difficulty arose with the dey of Algiers. For many years Algerine pirates had

been preying upon the commerce of civilized nations. The dey had agreed with these nations that his pirate ships should not attack their vessels if they would pay him an annual tribute. The Algerine sea-robbers were now turned loose on American commerce, and the government of the United States was also obliged to purchase safety by paying tribute.

14. In 1796 Tennessee, the third new State, was admitted into the Union. Six years previously, North Carolina had surrendered her claims to the territory. The population already numbered more than seventy thousand. The first inhabitants of Tennessee were as hardy a race of pioneers as ever braved the wilderness.

15. Washington was solicited to become a candidate for a third election; but he would not. In September of 1796, he issued to the people of the United States his Farewell Address-a document full of wisdom and patriotism. The political parties at once put forward their candidates-John Adams as the choice of the Federal, and Thomas Jefferson of the anti-Federal party. The chief question between the parties was whether it was the true policy of the United States to enter into intimate relations with France. The anti-Federalists said, Yes! The Federalists said, No! On that issue Mr. Adams was elected, but Mr. Jefferson, having the next highest number of votes, became Vice-President; for according to the old provision of the Constitution, the person who stood second on the list became the second officer in the government.

RECAPITULATION.

Washington is inaugurated. And the new government organized.— The country is beset with difficulties.-A cabinet is formed.-Hamilton's financial measures.--The seat of government is fixed.-An Indian war breaks out.-Harmar is defeated.-The Bank of the United States is established.-Vermont is admitted into the Union.-St. Clair is defeated by the Indians.--Is superseded by Wayne.-Kentucky is admitted.-Washington reëlected.-The foreign relations of the government are troubled.-Genet's conduct.--Fouchet supersedes him.-The Whisky Insurrection.-Wayne defeats the Red men at Waynesfield.-Compels a cession of territory.-Dies.-Great Britain orders the seizure of American vessels.-Jay procures a treaty.-The compact with Spain.-Peace is purchased of Algiers.-Tennessee is admitted.-Washington issues his Farewell Address.-The candidates for the presidency.-Adams and Jefferson are elected.

ΟΝ

CHAPTER XLV.

ADAMS'S ADMINISTRATION, 1797-1801.

the 4th of March, 1797, President Adams was inaugurated. From the beginning, his administration was embarrassed by political opposition. Adet, the French minister, urged the government to conclude a league with France against Great Britain. When the President and Congress refused, the French Directory began to demand an alliance. On the 10th of March, that body issued instructions to French men-of-war to assail the commerce of the United States. Mr. Pinckney, the American minister, was ordered to leave France.

ney

2. These proceedings were equivalent to a declaration of war. The President convened Congress in extraordinary session. Elbridge Gerry and John Marshall were directed to join Mr. Pinckin a final effort for a peaceable adjustment of the difficulties. But the Directory refused to receive the ambassadors except upon condition that they would pay into the French treasury a quarter of a million of dollars. Pinckney answered that the United States had millions for defence, but not a cent for tribute. The envoys were then ordered to leave the country.

3. In 1798 an act was passed by Congress completing the organization of the army. Washington was called from his retire ment and appointed commander-in-chief. Hamilton was chosen first major-general. A navy of six frigates had been provided for at the session of the previous year; and a national loan had been authorized. The treaties with France were declared void, and vigorous preparations were made for war. The American frigates put to sea, and, in the fall of 1799, did good service for the country. Commodore Truxtun, in the Constellation, won distinguished honors. On the 9th of February, while cruising in the

West Indies, he attacked the Insurgent, a French man-of-war, carrying forty guns and more than four hundred seamen. A desperate engagement ensued; and Truxtun gained a complete victory.

4. Meanwhile, Napoleon Bonaparte had overthrown the Directory of France and made himself first consul.

sought peace

with the United

States. Three American ambassadors-Murray, Ellsworth, and Daviewere sent to Paris, in March

of 1800. Negotiations were at once opened, and, in the following September, were terminated with a

treaty of peace. 5. Before the war-cloud was scattered, America was called to

mourn the loss

JOHN ADAMS.

He immediately

of Washington. On the 14th of December, 1799, after an illness of only a day, the chieftain passed from among the living. All hearts were touched with sorrow. Congress went in funeral procession to the German Lutheran church, where General Henry Lee delivered a touching and eloquent oration. Throughout the world the memory of the great dead was honored with appropriate ceremonies. To the legions of France, Napoleon announced the event in a beautiful tribute of praise. The voice of partisan malignity that had not hesitated to assail even the name of Washington, was hushed into silence; and all mankind agreed with Lord Byron