hundred thousand men. The measure was bitterly opposed, and in many places the draft-officers were resisted. On the 13th of July, in the city of New York, a mob rose in arms, demolished buildings, burned the colored orphan asylum, and killed about a hundred people. For three days the authorities were set at defiance; but a force of regulars and volunteers gathered at the scene, and the riot was suppressed.

21. Only about fifty thousand men were obtained by the draft. But volunteering was quickened by the measure, and the employment of substitutes soon filled the ranks. In October the President issued another call for three hundred thousand men. By these measures the columns of the Union army were made more powerful than ever. In the armies of the South, on the other hand, there were already symptoms of exhaustion. On the 20th of June in this year, West Virginia was separated from the Old Dominion and admitted as the thirty-fifth State of the Union.

RECAPITULATION.

Proportions of the conflict.-New calls for troops.-The Emancipation Procla-mation.-Capture of Arkansas Post.-Movements against Vicksburg.-The fleet passes the batteries.--Battles of Port Gibson, Raymond, Jackson, and Champion Hills. The siege and capture of Vicksburg.-Fall of Port Hudson.-Cavalry raid of Grierson.-Rosecrans drives Bragg across the Tennessee.-Battle of Chickamauga.-Siege of Chattanooga.-Storming of Lookout and Missionary Ridge.Longstreet in Tennessee.-Siege of Knoxville.-Engagements at Springfield, Cape Girardeau, and Helena.-The sacking of Lawrence.-Capture of Little Rock.Morgan invades Indiana.-Is hemmed in and captured.-The Confederates take Galveston. The siege of Charleston.-Hooker commands the Army of the Potomac.-Battle of Chancellorsville.-Death of Stonewall Jackson.-Stoneman's raid.-Lee invades Pennsylvania.-The battle of Gettysburg.-Retreat of the Confederates.-The conscription.-Riot in New York.-The draft.-New calls for soldiers.-West Virginia a State.

EARLY

CHAPTER LXIV.

THE CLOSING CONFLICTS.

ARLY in February, 1864, General Sherman moved from Vicks-
burg to Meridian.
In this vicinity the railroad tracks were

torn up for a hundred and fifty miles. At Meridian General Sherman expected a force of Federal cavalry which had been sent out from Memphis, under General Smith. The latter advanced into Mississippi, but was met by the cavalry of Forrest, and driven back to Memphis. General Sherman thereupon retraced his course to Vicksburg. Forrest continued his raid northward to Paducah, Kentucky, and made an assault on Fort Anderson, but was repulsed with a severe loss. Turning back into Tennessee, he came upon Fort Pillow, on the Mississippi, and carried the place by storm.

2. In the spring of 1864, THE RED RIVER EXPEDITION was undertaken by General Banks. The object was to capture Shreveport, the seat of the Confederate government of Louisiana. On the 14th of March, the Federal advance captured Fort de Russy, on Red River. The Confederates retreated to Alexandria, and on the 16th, that city was taken by the Federals. Three days afterward, Natchitoches was captured. The fleet now proceeded up stream toward Shreveport, and the land-forces whirled off to the left.

3. At Mansfield, on the 8th of April, the advancing Federals were attacked by the Confederates, and completely routed. At Pleasant Hill, on the next day, the main body of the Union army was badly defeated. The flotilla now descended the river from the direction of Shreveport. The whole expedition returned as rapidly as possible to the Mississippi. General Steele had, in the meantime, advanced from Little Rock to aid in the reduction of Shreveport; but learning of the Federal defeats, he withdrew after several severe engagements.

4. On the 2d of March, 1864, General Grant was appointed commander-in-chief of all the armies of the United States. Seven hundred thousand soldiers were now to move at his command. Two great campaigns were planned for the year. The Army of the Potomac, under Meade and the general-in-chief, was to advance upon

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SHERMAN'S CAMPAIGN, 1864.

Richmond. General Sherman, with a hundred

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5. On the 7th of May, General Sherman moved forward. At Dal

450 ton he succeeded

in turning Gen

eral Johnston's flank, and obliged him to fall back to Resaca. After two hard battles, on the 14th and 15th of May, this place was carried, and the Confederates retreated to Dallas. Here, on the 28th, Johnston made a second stand, but was again outflanked, and compelled to fall back to Lost Mountain. From this position he was forced on the 17th of June. The next stand was made on Great and Little Kenesaw Mountains. From this line on the 22d of June the division of General Hood made a fierce attack, but was repulsed with heavy losses. Five days afterward, General Sherman attempted to carry Great Kenesaw by storm; but the assault ended in a dreadful repulse. Sherman resumed his former tactics, and on the 3d of July, compelled his antagonist to retreat across the Chattahoochee. By the 10th of the month, the whole Confederate army had retired to Atlanta.

6. This stronghold was at once besieged. Here were the machine-shops, foundries, and car-works of the Confederacy. At the beginning of the siege, the cautious General Johnston was superseded by the rash General J. B. Hood. On the 20th, 22d,

and 28th of July, the latter made three assaults on the Union lines, but was repulsed with dreadful losses. It was in the second of these battles that the brave General James B. McPherson was killed. For more than a month the siege was pressed with great vigor. At last Hood was obliged to evacuate Atlanta; and on the 2d of September,

the Union army marched into the captured city.

7. General Hood now marched northward toward Tennessee, swept up through Northern Alabama, crossed the river at Florence, and advanced on Nashville. Meanwhile, General Thomas, with the Army of the Cumberland, had been detached from Sherman's army and sent northward to confront Hood. Gen

GENERAL THOMAS.

eral Schofield, who commanded the Federal forces in Tennessee, fell back before the Confederates and took post at Franklin. Here, on the 30th of November, he was attacked by Hood's legions, and held them in check till nightfall, when he retreated within the defences of Nashville. At this place all of General Thomas's forces were concentrated. Hood came on, confident of victory, and prepared to begin the siege; but before the work was fairly begun, General Thomas, on the 15th of December, fell upon the Confederate army, and routed it with a loss of more than twenty-five thousand men. For many days of freezing weather

Hood's columns were pursued, until at last they found refuge in Alabama.

8. On the 14th of November, General Sherman burned Atlanta and began his MARCH TO THE SEA. His army numbered sixty thousand men. He cut his communications with the North, aban

GENERAL SHERMAN.

doned his base of supplies, and struck out for the sea-coast, two hundred and fifty miles away. The Union army passed through Macon and Milledgeville, crossed the Ogeechee, captured Gibson and Waynesborough, and on the 10th of December, arrived in the vicinity of Savannah. On the 13th, Fort McAllister was carried by storm. On the night of the 20th, General Hardee, the Confederate commandant, escaped from Sa

vannah and retreated to Charleston. On the 22d, General Sherman made his headquarters in the city.

9. January, 1865, was spent by the Union army at Savannah. On the 1st of February, General Sherman began his march against Columbia, South Carolina. The Confederates had not sufficient force to stay his progress. On the 17th of the month, Columbia was surrendered. On the same night, Hardee, having destroyed the public property of Charleston and kindled fires which laid four squares in ashes, evacuated the city; and on the following morning