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paper was carried on in 31 pulp mills and 28 paper $8 different establishments, employing 8,606 work and 336 women). To these employees a total of xoxed in wages, and they turned out a product valued There were under construction during the year 8 a paper mills, 5 of the pulp mills and 3 of the paper d new establishments.

Vardas 1eda, se concludes with three contributed papers, as follows, với Ng 9, 10 mdustry: "History of paper making in Maine, and ....e or the industry;" "Chemical wood pulp and paper-how and “Mamo forests, their preservation, taxation, and value.” For the year ending June 30, 1906, there were 8,843 ni vagy mebiding general officers, in the service of the 20 steam railca by operating in the State. The aggregate amount of wages, intanarios, paid during the year was $5,084,191.82. The numor or omployees, excluding general officers, was 8,781, an increase of The total number of days worked by employees, other even general officers, was 2,549,607, and the total amount paid this of employees in wages was $4,909,906.08. The average daily w4,000 of the same class was $1.93, an increase from $1.88 for the year

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Saatements are presented showing for the years 1905 and 1906 o for al mileage, gross earnings, passengers carried, freight hauled, enger and freight train mileage, etc.

the number of men employed, including general officers, upon

roof railways of Maine for the year ending June 30, 1906, wa. 1, to these were paid wages and salaries aggregating

Accidents on steam railroads for the year ending June 30, 1906, red in 48 persons being killed and 222 injured by the moveor of traits. Of those killed, 17 were employees, 2 were passen, and 19 were other persons; of those injured, 136 were emCovees of were passengers, and 32 were other persons. ve always accidents resulted in 7 persons being killed and 48 mjured. Of those killed, 3 were passengers and 4 were other got those injured, 6 were employees, 37 were passengers, and e other persons.

On the

A. LABOR. In the report on factory inspection tables are preCn which it is shown that the number of children working ... certificates in certain manufacturing establishments of the was $13 in 1905 and 877 in 1906. The factory inspector rec...additional legislation regulating child labor in the State.

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MARYLAND.

Fifteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Statistics and Information of Maryland, 1906. Charles J. Fox, Chief. 214 pp.

In this report the subjects following are presented: The childlabor law, 35 pages; inspection of clothing and other manufactures, 23 pages; strikes and lockouts, 55 pages; free employment agency, 8 pages; cost of living, 19 pages; in labor circles, 11 pages; agricultural statistics, 1906, 3 pages; new incorporations, 1906, 25 pages; immigration, 5 pages; State reports, 9 pages; conferences and conventions, 2 pages; financial statement of the bureau, 1 page.

THE CHILD-LABOR LAW.-The State legislature of 1906 placed upon the labor bureau the work of enforcing what is generally known as the child-labor law. In this chapter is given the results of the work of six months under this law-from July 1 to December 31, 1906. To children between 12 and 16 years of age 10,289 labor permits were issued, 5,896 to boys and 4,393 to girls. Of the total permits issued 9,294 were for Baltimore City, 5,251 to boys and 4,043 to girls. Applicants for permits to the number of 1,046 were refused.

A summary of the work of the various district inspectors shows that in 90 manufacturing establishments, with salesrooms, visited there were 248 boys and 129 girls under 16 years of age employed, whose weekly earnings averaged $2.641; that in 356 stores, mercantile establishments, and offices visited there were 565 boys and 177 girls under 16 years of age employed, whose weekly earnings averaged $3.48, and that in 949 manufacturing establishments visited there were 1,175 boys and 1,688 girls under 16 years of age employed, whose weekly earnings averaged $3.64. Also, there is given the degree of intelligence of the children, hours of labor per day and time allowed for lunch, sanitary condition of surroundings, etc.

The chapter, further, contains a report on the applications for relief investigated by the Charity Organization Society and the Association for the Improvement of the Condition of the Poor, the need of relief being based upon the alleged loss of wages of children to whom labor permits had been refused. Cases in the counties outside of Baltimore were investigated by the secretary of the Maryland Child-Labor Committee, whose report closes the chapter.

INSPECTION OF CLOTHING AND OTHER MANUFACTURES.-During the year 1906 the work of inspecting establishments where clothing and other articles are made which come under the act commonly known as the "sweat shop law " was vigorously pursued and with satisfactory results. It is stated that the old-time sweat shop has in large measure been eliminated from the manufacture of clothing in the city of Baltimore. The opinion of the State court of appeals declaring the

giption law constitutional has practically www in the garment-making trades.

report thereon, during the year 1906 there da sued to contractors and individuals to work and a the manufacture, chiefly, of various articles ang trade. Of the total permits, 929 were s of factories and workshops and 512 to proworded in tenements and dwellings. The number of who were authorized to be employed in the factories and work

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od 19, and in the tenements and dwellings 1,303. under 16 years of age there were employed 173 males and tie, of those under 14 years of age there were employed 54 ted to females, Tables, by inspection districts, give in detail ployees by age and sex, hours of labor per day, kind of ad and conditions, sanitary, social, etc., existing in connecc ch tenement, dwelling, and factory inspected.

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AND LOCKOUTS.-There are given for the year 1906 statisSaukos, which threw out of employment 2,051 persons (1,742 females), with an estimated wage loss of $103,762. Of ako reported, 15 were ordered by organizations and 9 were wete for morease of wages, 5 were against the employment of men, 4 were for reduction of hours of labor, and 6 were for strikes were successful, 4 were partly successful, and we uccessful. A brief description is given of each strike, who with an account of several minor labor troubles which could haracterized as strikes. No lockouts were reported for the

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FC FUPLOYMENT AGENCY.-During 1906, the year covered by west, there were 644 applications for positions-617 by males by females. Of the applicants, 231 were laborers, 63 were 40 were watchmen, 30 were carpenters, 27 were timekeepers, were drivers, and the remainder were distributed among various at Applications for help numbered 521-for male help, A female help, 62. There were 141 positions filled-129 by and 1 by females. As to character of positions filled, 113 were ci, 2 were farm hands, 7 were general houseworkers, etc. yaya yp Laving.-Under this title comparative prices of various cot food and fuel in the Baltimore markets are presented for w's 1892, 1895, 1905, and 1906. A table is also given showing the monthly retail prices of the principal articles of food for piled from prices quoted in the daily papers of Baltimore. action with the prices of food commodities, etc., there are the yearly earnings of 10 representative families with budgApenditures; also for 537 persons engaged in 31 different s in 1906, hours worked and earnings per day, days worked

during the year, and average yearly earnings. For persons engaged in a part of the occupations the average yearly earnings for 1906 are placed in comparison with those for 1905 and 1904.

IN LABOR CIRCLES.-Under this caption is presented the returns received from 62 labor organizations, having a reported membership of 10,073. A list of the unions reporting is given, with name of each organization, name and address of secretary, membership, hours of labor per day, and daily rate of wages. Of the total unions, 14 reported the hours of labor as 8 per day, 8 as 9 per day, and 3 as 10 per day, the remaining unions not reporting as to hours. Less than $3 per day per member were the earnings reported by 40 unions and from $3 to $4 per day per member the earnings reported by 20 unions. There is given for 22 unions the number of members reported idle for each month during 1906.

IMMIGRATION. For the year ending December 31, 1906, 65,284 aliens, exclusive of transits, were admitted at the port of Baltimore. Of this number only 5,712 were destined to Maryland.

MICHIGAN.

Twenty-fourth Annual Report of the Bureau of Labor and Industrial Statistics, including the Fourteenth Annual Report of State Inspection of Factories. 1907. Malcolm J. McLeod, Commissioner. xv, 535 pp.

This report contains 20 chapters, of which Chapters I to X, 336 pages, are devoted to inspection of factories, stores, hotels, tenement shops, etc. Labor and industrial statistics are presented in Chapters XI to XX under the following titles: Organized labor, and labor disturbances in 1906, 48 pages; free employment bureaus, 13 pages; statistics of industry, labor, and wages, 18 pages; prison and reformatory statistics, 17 pages; manufacture of beet sugar, 32 pages; Portland cement and brick industries, 20 pages; tanning industry and manufacture of wire fence, 6 pages; power used in manufacturing in Michigan, 9 pages; statistics of important industries, 17 pages; coal industry, 18 pages.

ORGANIZED LABOR AND LABOR DISTURBANCES IN 1906.-This canvass made of organized labor in Michigan covers the period from July 1, 1905, to July 1, 1906. A summary of the returns shows 539 local organizations canvassed, which are believed to embrace fully 95 per cent of the local labor unions in the State. These 539 locals canvassed represent 91 distinct occupations in 63 trades. The number of members on July 1, 1905, was 35,369, and on July 1, 1906, the number was 39,787. Members worked an average of 9.2 hours per day and an average of 10.6 months per year. In 1905 average daily wages of members were $2.59 and in 1906 they were $2.63. There

were 146 unions which reported that organization had shortened the work day, 476 unions which reported that differences had been settled by arbitration, and 323 unions which reported that they had an agreement with employers. During the year covered 48 unions were involved in strikes, 24 of which were successful. Strike benefits were paid to the amount of $48,817.85. There were 188 unions which paid an average weekly sick benefit of $5.21, the aggregate paid by all locals in sick benefits during the year being $22,390. There were 375 unions which paid an average death benefit of $227.39, the aggregate paid by all locals in death benefits during the year being $89,526.

The second part of this chapter, devoted to labor disturbances for the year ending December 31, 1906, consists of the report of the work of the State court of mediation and conciliation. A brief account is given of the 13 labor disputes investigated by the court. The work of the court was entirely that of mediation or conciliation, no case of arbitration or public investigation of disputes having occurred.

FREE EMPLOYMENT BUREAUS.-Under this title is presented a detailed report of the work done in the two bureaus of the State-one opened at Detroit on June 12, 1905, and the other at Grand Rapids on July 1, 1905. The table following summarizes the work done at the Detroit bureau from the date of opening to November 30, 1906, and the work done at the Grand Rapids bureau from the date of opening to December 31, 1906:

OPERATION OF FREE PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT OFFICES.

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STATISTICS OF INDUSTRY, LABOR, AND WAGES.-This presentation shows for 7,170 manufacturing establishments canvassed in 1905 and for 7,770 canvassed in 1906 the number, wages, and hours of labor of all wage and salaried employees, together with the average number of days worked per month and months worked per year. The aggregate amount of wages paid all employees in 1905 was $122,953,324, in 1906 it was $138,393,607; the average hours worked per day were 9.9 in 1905 and 9.7 in 1906; the average days worked per month were 26.4 in 1905 and 25.6 in 1906; the average months worked per year were 11.1 in 1905 and 11.8 in 1906.

presented in detailed From a summary of

The facts collected have been compiled and form, showing the various items by counties. the investigation the following table is given, which shows the number of employees of each class and the average daily wages paid in 1905 and 1906 in de establishments canvassed:

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