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18. The driver in charge of a locomotive, or a man preceding it on foot, shall give an efficient sound signal as a warning on approaching any level crossing over a line of rails regularly used by persons employed, or any curve where sight is intercepted, or any other point of danger to persons employed.

19. A danger signal shall be exhibited at or near the ends of any wagon or train of wagons undergoing repair wherever persons employed are liable to be endangered by an approaching locomotive or wagon.

20. (a) The space immediately around such a capstan as mentioned in Regulation 8 shall be kept clear of all obstruction.

(b) Such capstan shall not be set in motion until signals have been exchanged between the man in charge of the capstan and the man working the rope or chain attached to it.

(c) No person under 18 years of age shall work such capstan.

21. No person under the age of 18 shall be employed as a locomotive driver, and no person under the age of 16 shall be employed as a shunter.

PART III.

22. All glass tubes or water gauges on locomotives or stationary boilers used for the movement of wagons shall be adequately protected by a covering or guard.

H. J. GLADSTONE,

One of His Majesty's Principal Secretaries of State.

HOME OFFICE, Whitehall, 24th August, 1906.

RECENT REPORTS OF STATE BUREAUS OF LABOR STATISTICS.

ILLINOIS.

Thirteenth Biennial Report of the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the State of Illinois. 1904. David Ross, Secretary of Board of Com

missioners of Labor. viii, 665 pp.

This report consists of two parts, as follows: Part I, manufactures of Illinois, 133 pages; Part II, working time, earnings, and general conditions of coal miners, 527 pages.

MANUFACTURES.-This part presents the data collected and compiled by the United States census of manufactures of Illinois, made in 1905. The statistics presented are mainly for the year ending December 31, 1904. Comparisons are also made with the United States census of manufactures for 1900.

The following table presents, for the State, comparative statistics for the years 1904 and 1900:

STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES, 1904 COMPARED WITH 1900.

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With the exception of the figures relating to the employment of children under 16 years of age, all of the items presented in the table show large increases in 1904 as compared with 1900. This decrease in the number of children employed (50.3 per cent) shows that the employment of child labor, especially in the larger manufacturing industries, is being rapidly lessened.

In Chicago in 1904 there were 8,159 establishments engaged in manufacturing industries, representing an invested capital of

$637,743,474. There were employed by these establishments 40,276 salaried officials, clerks, etc., to whom were paid salaries aggregating $45,601,201, and 241,984 wage-earners, to whom were paid wages aggregating $136,404,696. Miscellaneous expenses amounted to $96,298,031. The cost of materials used was $589,913,993, and the value of products was $957,886,217.

In the six leading manufacturing industries of the city (electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies, foundry and machine shop products, furniture, iron and steel, printing and publishing, and slaughtering and meat packing, wholesale) 1,884 establishments were engaged, representing an invested capital of $221,803,149. There were employed by these establishments 17,775 salaried officials, clerks, etc., to whom were paid salaries aggregating $19,869,755, and 82,266 wage-earners, to whom were paid wages aggregating $49,186,445. Miscellaneous expenses amounted to $35,514,610. The cost of materials used was $318,815,853, and the value of products was $454,977,196.

WORKING TIME, EARNINGS, AND GENERAL CONDITIONS OF COAL MINERS. This investigation, for the calendar year 1903, embraces 21 of the coal-producing counties of the State, the mines canvassed being located at or contiguous to 58 cities and towns. Schedules were obtained from 10,426 workmen, of whom 8,818 were miners of coal and 1,608 other employees. The total workmen represented 37 separate occupations, the 1,608 other than miners proper representing 36 occupations. The data are presented in 16 tables.

Summarizing the returns it was found that the average yearly earnings of the 10,426 coal-mine employees was $541, while for the miners proper it was $527. The following statement shows for six wage groups the percentage of all employees and the percentage of miners proper whose yearly earnings fall within each specified group:

PER CENT OF COAL-MINE EMPLOYEES WHOSE YEARLY EARNINGS FALL WITHIN CERTAIN SPECIFIED WAGE GROUPS.

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From the above it is seen that 67.05 per cent of the employees, all occupations considered, earn under $600 per annum, while for miners alone 70.74 per cent earn under $600 per annum.

Of the total employees, 10,363 reported as to nativity, 5,825, or 56.21 per cent, of the number being native born and 4,538, or 43.79 per cent, being foreign born. Of the foreign born, 44.86 per cent were Austrians, Italians, Poles, and Russians, 50.30 per cent English,

French, German, Irish, Scotch, Swede, and Welsh, and the remaining 4.84 per cent were other foreign born. Of the 8,775 miners who reported as to nativity, 54.48 per cent were native born and 45.52 per cent foreign born, and of the 1,588 other employees who reported as to nativity 65.74 per cent were native born and 34.26 per cent foreign born.

Relative to stability of employment, it was found that of the 8,818 miners 765, or 8.68 per cent, had been employed less than 5 years, 6,476, or 73.44 per cent, had been employed from 5 to 24 years, and 1,577, or 17.88 per cent, had been employed from 25 to 50 years or over; and that of the 1,608 other employees 280, or 17.41 per cent, had been employed less than 5 years, 1,116, or 69.40 per cent, had been employed from 5 to 24 years, and 212, or 13.19 per cent, had been employed from 25 to 50 years or over.

There were 24 employees (13 miners and 11 others) whose ages were reported as 16 years or under, 9,461 employees (7,988 miners and 1,473 others) whose ages were reported as over 16 years but under 50, and 941 employees (817 miners and 124 others) whose ages were reported as 50 years or over.

Returns were received from 7,035 mine employees (6,023 miners and 1,012 others) who owned and rented homes, this being 67.48 per cent of the total employees considered. There were 3,128 employees who owned homes of an average value of $1,016.60 each. Of this number 2,672 were miners who owned homes of an average value of $996.27 each, and 456 other employees who owned homes of an average value of $1,132.45 each. There were 3,907 employees who rented homes at an average yearly rental of $82.27 each. Of this number 3,351 were miners who rented homes at an average yearly rental of $81.72 each, and 556 other employees who rented homes at an average yearly rental of $85.60 each. Homes to the number of 997 were rented from the mining companies, and to the number of 2,910 from individuals. In connection with the homes owned and rented are shown the materials (brick or wood) of which the buildings are constructed, the condition of homes and neighborhood surroundings, and the health of workmen and of families.

Of the 10,426 coal-mine employees, 7,025 were married, 3,382 were single, and 19 were widowed. Of the 8,818 who were miners, 6,006 were married, 2,793 were single, and 19 were widowed; and of the 1,608 other employees, 1,019 were married and 589 were single. There were 3,811 workmen who reported as to their children attending school, and the number of children so reported as attending or having attended school was 7,817-7,197 in public, 90 in private, and 530 in parochial schools. There were 889 other children of other than miners who were reported at work-735 at work about the mines, 115 at other employment, and 9 were learning trades.

MISSOURI.

Twenty-seventh Annual Report of the Bureau of Labor Statistics and Inspection of the State of Missouri, for the year ending November 5, 1905. William Anderson, Commissioner. 476 pp.

The following are the subjects presented in this report: Surplus products of counties, 75 pages; Government land in Missouri, 5 pages; statistics of manufactures, 218 pages; public utility plants, 18 pages; labor organizations, 95 pages; free employment offices, 8 pages; chronology of Missouri bureau of labor, 10 pages; labor laws, 34 pages.

SURPLUS PRODUCTS.-Under this head are given for each of the 114 counties of the State the surplus products shipped in 1904, together with the values of the same, which aggregated $240,486,463.

STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES. Summarized returns covering 3,336 establishments in 64 industrial groups show for 1904 a total invested capital of $185,515,244, a total value of materials used of $211,702,438, and a total value of products of $348,344,052. During the year there were employed 116,964 males and 28,958 females, and there was paid out in wages a total of $65,724,234. The greatest number of children under 16 years of age employed at any one time during the year was 6,373-4,391 males and 1,982 females.

The following table shows for 1904, for each of the 22 industries in the State, which paid out in wages during the year a total exceeding $1,000,000, number of establishments, capital invested, value of products, amount paid in wages, and number of employees by sex:

STATISTICS OF 22 MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES, 1904.

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