Page 53, note a. Robinson's parting letter may be found, with some variations, in Bradford's History of Plymouth Colony, (contained in Young's Chronicles of Plymouth,) in Bradford and Winslow's Journal, (commonly called "Mourt's Relation,") and in Morton's New England's Memorial. The letter is here printed from the first edition (sm. 4to. Cambridge, 1669,) of Morton.

Loving Christian Friends,

I do heartily and in the Lord salute you, as being those with whom I am present in my best affections, and most earnest longings after you, though I be constrained for a while to be bodily absent from you: I say constrained; God knowing how willingly, and much rather than otherwise, I would have born my part with you in this first brunt, were I not by strong necessity held back for the present. Make account of me in the mean time as a man divided in myself, with great pain, and as (natural bonds set aside) having my better part with you. And although I doubt not but in your godly wisdomes you both foresee and resolve upon that which concerneth your present state and condition, both severally and jointly, yet have I thought it but my duty to add some further spur of provocation unto them who run already; if not because you need it, yet because I owe it in love and duty.

And first, as we are daily to renew our repentance with our God; especially for our sins known, and generally for our unknown trespasses, so doth the Lord call us in a singular manner, upon occasions of such difficulty and danger as lieth upon you, to a both narrow search, and careful reformation of your ways in his sight; lest he, calling to remembrance our sins forgotten by us, or unrepented of, take advantage against us, and in judgment leave us to be swallowed up in one danger or other: whereas, on the contrary, sin being taken away by earnest repentance, and the pardon thereof from the Lord sealed up to a man's conscience by his Spirit, great shall be his security and peace in all dangers, sweet his comforts in all distresses, with happy deliverance from all evil, whether in life or death.

Now next after this heavenly peace with God and our own consciences, we are carefully to provide for peace with all men, what in us lieth, especially with our associates; and for that, watchfulness must be had, that we neither at all in ourselves do give, no, nor easily take offence, being given by others. Woe be to the world for offences, for although it be necessary, considering the malice of Satan and man's corruption, that offences come, yet woe unto the man, or woman either, by whom the offence cometh, saith Christ, Matth. xviii. 7. And if offences in the unseasonable use of things, in themselves indifferent, be more to be feared than death itself, as the Apostle teacheth, 1 Cor. ix. 15, how much more in things simply evil, in which neither honor of God nor love of man is thought worthy to be regarded?

Neither yet is it sufficient that we keep ourselves, by the grace of God, from giving of offence, except withall we be armed against the taking of them when they are given by others: for how imperfect and lame is the work of grace in that person, who wants charity to cover a multitude of offences, as the Scripture speaks. Neither are you to be exhorted to this grace only upon the common grounds of Christianity, which are, that persons ready to take offence either want charity to cover offences, or wisdom duly to weigh human frailties, or, lastly, are gross though close hypocrites, as Christ our Lord teacheth, Mat. vii. 1, 2, 3, as indeed, in my own experience, few or none have been found which sooner give offence, than such as easily take it; neither have they ever proved sound and profitable members in societies, who have nourished this touchy humor. But, besides these, there are divers motives provoking you, above others, to great care and conscience this way; as first, there are many of you strangers, as to the persons, so to the infirmities, one of another, and so stand in need of more watchfulness this way, lest, when such things fall out in men and women as you expected not, you be inordinately

affected with them; which doth require at your hands much wisdom and charity for the covering and preventing of incident offences that way. And lastly, your intended course of civil community will minister continual occasion of offence, and will be as fuel for that fire, except you diligently quench it with brotherly forbearance; and if taking of offence causelessly or easily at men's doings be so carefully to be avoided, how much more heed is to be taken that we take not offence at God himself; which yet we certainly do, so oft as we do murmur at his providence in our crosses, or bear impatiently such afflictions as wherewith he is pleased to visit us. Store up therefore patience against the evil day; without which we take offence at the Lord himself in his holy and just works.

A fourth thing there is carefully to be provided for, viz. that with your common employments you join common affections, truly bent upon the general good; avoiding, as a deadly plague of your both common and special comforts, all retiredness of mind for proper advantage, and all singularly affected every manner of way. Let every man repress in himself, and the whole body in each person, as so many rebels against the common good, all private respects of men's selves, not sorting with the general convenience. And as men are careful not to have a new house shaken with any violence before it be well settled, and the parts firmly knit, so be you, I beseech you, brethren, much more careful that the house of God (which you are, and are to be) be not shaken with unnecessary novelties, or other oppositions, at the first settling thereof.

Lastly, whereas you are to become a body politic, using amongst yourselves civil government, and are not furnished with persons of special eminency above the rest, to be chosen by you into office of government, let your wisdom and godliness appear, not only in choosing such persons as do entirely love, and will promote, the common good, but also in yielding unto them all due honor and obedience in their lawful administrations, not beholding in them the ordinariness of their persons, but God's ordinance for your good: not being like the foolish multitude, who more honor the gay coat than either the virtuous mind of the man, or the glorious ordinance of the Lord. But you know better things, and that the image of the Lord's power and authority, which the magistrate beareth, is honorable, in how mean persons soever; and this duty you may the more willingly, and ought the more conscionably to perform, because you are (at least for the present) to have them for your ordinary governors which yourselves shall make choice of for that work.

Sundry other things of importance I could put you in mind of, and of those before-mentioned in more words; but I will not so far wrong your godly minds as to think you heedless of these things, there being also divers amongst you so well able both to admonish themselves and others of what concerneth them. These few things, therefore, and the same in few words, I do earnestly commend unto your care and conscience, joining therewith my daily and incessant prayers unto the Lord, that He who hath made the heavens, and the earth, and sea, and all rivers of waters, and whose providence is over all his works, especially over all his dear children, for good, would so guide and guard you in your ways, as inwardly by his Spirit, so outwardly by the hand of his power, as that both you, and we also, for and with you, may have after-matter of praising his name all the days of your and our lives. Fare you well in Him in whom you trust, and in whom I rest

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An unfeigned well-willer of your

Happy success in this hopefull voyage,

JOHN ROBINSON.

Page 53, note b. This is a mistake; Bradford and Winslow's Journal says, upon the 9th of November, by break of the day, we espied land, which we deemed to be Cape Cod, and so afterward it proved. And thus we made our course south-southwest, purposing to go to a river ten leagues

to the south of the Cape. But at night the wind being contrary, we put round again for the bay of Cape Cod; and upon the 11th of November we came to an anchor in the bay.

This day, before we came to harbor, it was thought good that we should combine together in one body," &c., &c. See the next note; Young's Chronicles of Plymouth, pp. 117-18, 120; Morton's Memorial, (Davis's ed., 8vo. Bost. 1826,) pp. 33-4, 37; Prince, p. 162.

Page 53, note c. The celebrated compact is as follows.

In the name of God, Amen. We, whose Names are underwritten, the Loyal Subjects of our dread Sovereign Lord, King James, by the grace of God, of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith, &c., having undertaken, for the glory of God, and advancement of the Christian faith, and the honor of our King and country, a voyage to plant the first Colony in the northern parts of Virginia, do, by these Presents, solemnly and mutually, in the presence of God and one another, covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil body politic, for our better ordering and preservation, and furtherance of the ends aforesaid; and by virtue hereof to enact, constitute, and frame such just and equal laws, ordinances, acts, constitutions, and officers, from time to time, as shall be thought most meet and convenient for the general good of the Colony; unto which we promise all due submission and obedience. In witness whereof we have hereunto subscribed our Names, at Cape Cod, the 11th of November, in the year of the reign of our Sovereign Lord, King James, of England, France, and Ireland the eighteenth, and of Scotland the fiftyfourth, Anno Dom. 1620.

John Carver,
William Bradford,
Edward Winslow,

William Brewster,
Isaac Allerton,
Miles Standish,

John Alden,

Edward Tilly,
John Tilly,

Francis Cook,

Degory Priest,

Thomas Williams,
Gilbert Winslow,
Edward Margeson,
Peter Brown,

Richard Britterige,

George Soule,
Richard Clark,
Richard Gardiner,
John Allerton,
Thomas English,
Edward Dotey,

Samuel Fuller,
Christopher Martin,
William Mullins,
William White,
Richard Warren,
John Howland,

Stephen Hopkins,

Edward Leister.

}

See Davis's Morton, pp. 37-9; Bradford and Winslow, in Young's Chronicles of Plymouth, pp. 121-2; Prince, pp. 171-2; N. E. Historical and Genealogical Register, I. 47-53.

Page 53, note d. "With every man his musket, sword, and corslet, under the conduct of Captain Miles Standish; unto whom was adjoined, for counsel and advice, William Bradford, Stephen Hopkins, and Edward Tilley." They started on this their first expedition, Wednesday, Nov. 15th, and returned on the 17th. See an account of their adventures in Young's Chronicles of Plymouth, pp. 125-37.

Page 55, note a. This word is bearnes in the MS., which accounts, per haps, for the ludicrous reading of the former edition. For an account of the Indian Barns" see Young's Chronicles of Plymouth, p. 133, and the authorities there cited.

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Page 56, note a. They had returned from their second expedition on Dec. 1st. Wednesday, Dec. 6th, they set out on a third discovery. The names of those that went on this discovery were, Mr. John Carver, Mr. William Bradford, Mr. Edward Winslow, Captain Miles Standish,

Mr. John Howland, Mr. Richard Warren, Mr. Stephen Hopkins, Mr. Edward Tilly, Mr. John Tilly, Mr. Clark, Mr. Coppin, John Allerton, Thomas English, Edward Doten, (Dotey,) with the Master Gunner of the ship, and three of the common seamen." They returned from this excursion on Dec. 13th, and on Friday, the 15th, sailed for the place which they had discovered. See Prince, pp. 163-4, 165-7; Bradford and Winslow, in Young, pp. 138-48, 149-63'; Davis's Morton, pp. 41–9.

Page 60, note a. This treaty was made on the 22d of March, 1620-1, and, says Belknap, (Amer. Biog., Art. CARVER, ii. 214,) “was kept with fidelity as long as Massasoit lived." The instrument, which is omitted in Hubbard's MS., is here supplied from Morton; some slight variations will be apparent on a comparison with the copy preserved in Bradford and Winslow's Journal.

1. That neither he, nor any of his, should injure or do hurt to any of their people.

2. That if any of his did any hurt to any of theirs, he should send the offender, that they might punish him.

3. That if anything were taken away from any of theirs, he should cause it to be restored; and they should do the like to his.

4. That if any did unjustly war against him, they would aid him; and if any did war against them, he should aid then).

5. That he should send to his neighbour confederates, to certify them of this, that they might not wrong them, but might be likewise comprised in these Conditions of Peace.

6. That when his men came to them upon any occasion, they should leave their arms behind them.

7. Lastly, that so doing, their Sovereign Lord King James would esteem him as his friend and ally.

See Daris's Morton, pp. 53-5; Bradford and Winslow, in Young, pp. 190-4; Prince, pp. 186–8.

Page 61, note a. This instrument has been compared with, and corrected by, the copy preserved in Morton's Men orial. See Davis's Morton, p. 67; Young, p. 232; Prince, p. 196; Drake's Book of the Indians, ii. p. 30.

Page 66, note a. "April 5. We despatch the ship with Captain Jones, who this day sails from New Plymouth, and May 6 arrives in England." See Bradford and Winslow, in Young, p. 199; Davis's Morton, pp. 67–8; Prince, p. 189.

Page 69, note a. This ship was the Fortune. The names of twentynine of her passengers may be found in Young, p. 235. She sailed for England again, December 13th. See Prince, pp. 198-9; Davis's Morton, pp. 73-4, 377-8.

Page 72, note a. The seven men, last mentioned, arrived at Plymouth towards the end of May, 1622, in "a shallop that belonged to a fishing ship, called the Sparrow," in the employ of Messrs. Weston and Beauchamp. The "sixty young men" reached Plymouth "in the end of June, or beginning of July," in the ships Charity and Swan. The Charity, being the bigger ship," sailed for Virginia See Winslow, in Young, pp. 292-3, 296-7; Davis's Morton, pp. 78-80; Prince, pp. 202-4.

Page 73, note a. "Mr. John Huddleston," Bradford, in Prince, p. 202;
Hudston," Davis's Morton, pp. 80-1, where may be found the letter.

Page 74, note a. The drought, fast, and thanksgiving all took place in the year 1623, not 1622. See Winslow, in Young, pp. 347-50; Prince, p. 218; Davis's Morton, pp. 82, 98.

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Page 75, note a. This word has been substituted for to in the MS., on the following considerations. Bradford, in Prince, p. 205, states that the Discovery, Captain Jones cominander, touched at Plymouth in the end of August, on her way from Virginia, homeward," and adds, “in this ship comes Mr. John Porey, who had been Secretary in Virginia, and is going home in her; who, after his departure, sends the Governor a letter of thanks, and after his return to England does this poor Plantation much credit among those of no mean rank."

Porey having obtained the place of Secretary through the interest of the Earl of Warwick, sailed for Virginia in company with Sir George Yeardley, who had been appointed Governor-General of the Colony. They reached the place of their destination April 18, 1619, and Porey was one of those whom Sir George, "to begin his government, added to be of his Council." His Commission as Secretary expired at the same time with Yeardley's, in November, 1621. "He had given the Company little satisfaction in that office, but had been plainly detected, although a sworn officer, of betraying the proceedings and secretly conveying the proofs, against Captain [Samuel] Argall, to the Earl of Warwick. And as he was besides known to be a professed tool and instrument to that faction, the Company was at no loss or hesitation about renewing his Commission."

"The obseruations of Master John Pory, Secretarie of Virginia, in his trauels," are preserved by Smith, General History of Virginia, pp. 141-3. The postscript of his letter to Gov. Bradford is in Morton, p. 84. See Smith, p. 126; Stith's History of Virginia, (8vo. Williamsburg, 1747,) pp. 157– 8, 190.

Page 78, note a. Prat reached Plymouth on the 24th of March, and Standish sailed for "the Massachusetts" the next day, March 25, 1623. See Winslow, in Young, pp. 327-45; Davis's Morton, pp. 87-92.

Page 78, note b. Merrimak river."

"In the bottom of the bay between Pascataquak and Bradford, in Prince, p. 216; and also Morton, p. 92.

Page 82, note a. of the drought, &c., preceding year, 1622.

page 273, note a.

See
Here should follow the account
which Hubbard, following Morton, has placed in the
See page 74, note a.

Page 82, note b. Mr. Savage, (Winthrop, i. 25,) remarks, "Hubbard unvaryingly, except on page 82, gives his name Peirse. So the Probate Record spells it, and so by himself, as I have seen, was it written." The exception "on page 82" henceforth has no existence, as any one may assure himself by glancing at the MS., if he is inclined to doubt the accuracy of the present reading.

Page 83, note a. This was the Little James "a fine new vessel of fortyfour tons, (Mr. Bridges master,) which the Company had built to stay in the country." Bradford, in Prince, p. 220; see, also, Winslow, in Young, pp. 351-3; Morton, pp. 100-2, 378-80.

Page 86, note a. Bradford, in Prince, pp. 221-2, says that Gorges "pitches on the same place Mr. Weston's people had forsaken." His Patent is in Gorges's America, Part 2, pp. 34-7.

Page 88, note a. The passage within inverted commas is thus designated in the MS. It may be found, with some variations, in Gorges's America, Part 2, p. 40.