MOROCCO.

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Treaty concluded September 16, 1836 (Peace and Friendship).

If any of the citizens of the United States, or any persons under their protection, shall have any dispute with each other, the Consul shall decide between the parties; and whenever the Consul shall require any aid or assistance from our government to enforce his decisions, it shall be immediately granted to him.

885.. ARTICLE XXI.

If a citizen of the United States should kill or wound a Moor, or, on the contrary, if a Moor shall kill or wound a citizen of the United States, the law of the country shall take place, and equal justice shall be rendered, the Consul assisting at the trial; and if any delinquent shall make his escape, the Consul shall not be answerable for him in any manner whatever.

886.. ARTICLE XXII.

If an American citizen shall die in our country, and no wil shall appear, the Consul shall take possession of his effects; and if there shall be no Consul, the effects shall be deposited in the hands of some person worthy of trust, until the party shall appear who has a right to demand them; but if the heir to the person deceased be present, the property shall be delivered to him without interruption; and if a will shall appear, the property shall descend agreeably to that will, as soon as the Consul shall declare the validity thereof.

887. ARTICLE XXIII.

The Consuls of the United States of America shall reside in any seaport of our dominions that they shall think proper, and they shall be respected, and enjoy all the privileges which the Consuls of any other nation enjoy; and if any of the citizens of the United States shall contract any debts or engagements, the Consul shall not be in any manner accountable for them, unless he shall have given a promise, in writing, for the payment or fulfilling thereof; without which promise in writing, no application to him for any redress shall be made.

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MUSCAT.

Treaty concluded September 21, 1833 (Amity and Commerce.)

If any vessel of the United States shall suffer shipwreck on any part of the Sultan's dominions, the persons escaping from the wreck shall be

taken care of and hospitably entertained, at the expense of the Sultan, until they shall find an opportunity to be returned to their country (for the Sultan can never receive any remuneration whatever for rendering succor to the distressed); and the property saved from such wreck shall be carefully preserved and delivered to the owner, or the Consul of the United States, or to any authorized agent.

889.. ARTICLE VI.

The citizens of the United States resorting to the ports of the Sultan for the purpose of trade shall have leave to land and reside in the said ports without paying any tax or imposition whatever for such liberty other than the general duties on imports which the most favored nation shall pay.

890..ARTICLE VII.

If any citizens of the United States, or their vessels or other property, shall be taken by pirates and brought within the dominions of the Sultan, the persons shall be set at liberty, and the property restored to the owner, if he is present, or to the American Consul, or to any authorized agent.

The President of the United States may appoint Consuls to reside in the ports of the Sultan where the principal commerce shall be carried on, which Consuls shall be the exclusive judges of all disputes or suits wherein American citizens shall be engaged with each other. They shall have power to receive the property of any American citizen dying within the kingdom, and to send the same to his heirs, first paying all his debts due to the subjects of the Sultan. The said Consuls shall not be arrested, nor shall their property be seized, nor shall any of their household be arrested, but their persons and property and their houses shall be inviolate. Should any Consul, however, commit any offense against the laws of the kingdom, complaint shall be made to the President, who will immediately displace him.

Concluded, signed, and sealed at the Royal Palace, in the city of Muscat, in the Kingdom of Aman, the twenty-first day of September, in the year one thousand eight hundred and thirty-three of the Christian era, and the fifty-seventh year of the Independence of the United States of America, corresponding to the sixth day of the moon, called Iamada Alawel, in the year of the Allhajra (Hegira) one thousand two hundred and forty-nine.

NETHERLANDS.

Treaty concluded January 22, 1855 (Consular Privileges in Colonies).

892.. ARTICLE 1.

Consuls-General, Consuls, and Vice-Consuls of the United States of America will be admitted into all the ports in the transmarine possessions or colonies of the Netherlands which are open to the vessels of all nations.

893..ARTICE II.

The Consuls-General, Consuls, and Vice-Consuls of the United States of America are considered as Commercial Agents, protectors of the maritime commerce of their countrymen in the ports within the circumference of their Consular districts.

They are subject to the laws, both civil and criminal, of the country in which they reside, with such exceptions as the present convention establishes in their favor.

894.. ARTICLE III.

The Consuls-General and Consuls, before being admitted to exercise their functions, and to enjoy the immunities attached thereto, must present a commission, in due form, to the government of His Majesty the King of the Netherlands.

After having obtained the exequatur, which shall be countersigned as promptly as possible by the governor of the colony, the said Consular Agents shall be entitled to the protection of the government, and to the assistance of the local authorities, in the free exercise of their functions. The government, in granting the exequatur, reserves the right of withdrawing the same, or to cause it to be withdrawn by the governor of the colony, on a statement of the reasons for doing so.

895.. ARTICLE IV.

The Consuls-General and Consuls are authorized to place on the outer door of their Consulates the arms of their government, with the inscription: "Consulate of the United States of America."

It is well understood that this outward mark shall never be considered as conferring the right of asylum, nor as having the power to exempt the house and those dwelling therein from the prosecution of the local justice.

896.. ARTICLE V.

It is nevertheless understood that the archives and documents relating to the affairs of the Consulate shall be protected against all search, and that no authority or magistrate shall have the power, under any pretext whatever, to visit or seize them, or to examine their contents.

897.. ARTICLE VI.

The Consuls-General, Consuls, and Vice-Consuls shall not be invested with any diplomatic character.

When a request is to be addressed to the Netherlands Government, it must be done through the medium of the Diplomatic Agent residing at the Hague, if one be there.

The Consul may, in case of urgency, apply to the governor of the colony himself, showing the urgency of the case, and stating the reasons why the request cannot be addressed to the subordinate authorities, or that previous applications made to such authorities have not been attended to.

898..ARTICLE VII.

Consuls-General and Consuls shall be free to establish Vice-Consuls in the ports mentioned in article one, and situated in their Consular districts. The Vice-Consuls may be taken indiscriminately from among the subjects of the Netherlands, or from citizens of the United States, or of any other country residing or having the privilege, according to the local laws, to fix their residence in the port to which the Vice-Consul shall be named.

These Vice-Consuls, whose nomination shall be submitted to the approval of the governor of the colony, shall be provided with a certificate given to them by the Consul under whose orders they exercise their functions.

The governor of the colony may in all cases withdraw from the ViceConsuls the aforesaid sanction, in communicating to the Consul General or Consul of the respective district the motives for his doing so.

899.. ARTICLE VIII.

Passports delivered or signed by Consuls or Consular Agents do not dispense the bearer from providing himself with all the papers required by the local laws, in order to travel or to establish himself in the colonies. The right of the governor of the colony to prohibit the residence in, or to order the departure from, the colony of any person to whom a passport may have been delivered, remains undisturbed.

900.. ARTICLE IX.

When a ship of the United States is wrecked upon the coast of the Dutch colonies, the Consul-General, Consul, or Vice-Consul who is present at the scene of the disaster, will, in case of the absence, or with the consent of the captain or supercargo, take all the necessary measures for the salvage of the vessel, the cargo, and all that appertains to it.

In the absence of the Consul-General, Consul, or Vice-Consul, the Dutch authorities of the place where the wreck has taken place will act in the premises, according to the regulations prescribed by the laws of the colony.

901.. ARTICLE X.

Consuls-General, Consuls, and Vice-Consuls may, in so far as the extradition of deserters from merchant-vessels or ships of war shall have been stipulated by treaty, request the assistance of the local authorities for the arrest, detention, and imprisonment of deserters from vessels of the United States. To this end, they shall apply to the competent functionaries, and claim said deserters, in writing, proving by the register of the vessel, the list of the crew, or by any other authentic document, that the persons claimed belong to the crew.

The reclamation being thus supported, the local functionaries shall exercise what authority they possess, in order to cause the deserters to be delivered up.

These deserters, being arrested, shall be placed at the disposal of said Consuls, and may be confined in the public prisons at the request and at the expense of those who claim them, in order that they may be taken to the vessels to which they belong, or to other vessels of the same nation. But if they are not sent back within four months from the day of their arrest, they shall be set at liberty, and shall not again be arrested for the

same cause.

It is understood, however, that if the deserter be found to have committed any crime, offense, or contravention, his extradition may be delayed until the court having cognizance of the matter shall have pronounced its sentence, and the same has been carried into execution.

902.. ARTICLE XI.

In case of the death of a citizen of the United States, without having any known heirs or testamentary executors. the Dutch authorities, who, according to the laws of the colonies, are charged with the administration of the estate, will inform the Consuls or Consular Agents of the circumstance, in order that the necessary information may be forwarded to parties interested.

903.. ARTICLE XII.

The Consuls-General, Consuls, and Vice-Consuls, have, in that capacity, in so far as the laws of the United States of America allow it, the right to be named arbiters in the differences which may arise between the masters and the crews of the vessels belonging to the United States, and this without the interference of the local authorities, unless the conduct of the crew, or of the captain, should have been such as to disturb the order and tranquillity of the country, or that the Consuls-General, Consuls, or Vice-Consuls should request the assistance of the said authorities, in order to carry out their decisions or to maintain their authority. It is understood, however, that this decision or special arbitrament is not to deprive, on their return, the parties in litigation of the right of appeal to the judiciary authorities of their own country.

904..ARTICLE XIII.

The Consuls-General, Consuls, and Vice-Consuls, who are not subjects of the Netherlands, who, at the time of their appointment, are not estab lished as residents in the kingdom of the Netherlands or its colonies, and who do not exercise any calling, profession, or trade, besides their Consular functions, are, in so far as in the United States the same privileges are granted to the Consuls-General, Consuls, and Vice-Consuls of the Netherlands, exempt from military billetings, from personal taxation, and, moreover, from all public or municipal taxes which are considered of a personal character, so that this exemption shall never extend to custom-house duties or other taxes, whether indirect or real.

Consuls-General, Consuls, and Vice-Consuls who are not natives or recognized subjects of the Netherlands, but who may exercise conjointly with their Consular functions any profession or trade whatever, are obliged