for those links which Geoffroy St. Hilaire so earnestly looked for-the closing up of wide gaps between the paleotherium, hipparion, and the horse; and who could have foretold in his day that, in the wild regions far beyond the Mississippi, amid hostile savages, these precious remains would be brought to light!

Many other intermediate forms, of equal importance in forming connected series, though not so well known to the public, have been discovered by Leidy, Marsh, and Cope. Indeed, such intermediate and generalized forms have been added to the mammalia that we have creatures combining the characters of the pigs and ruminants, animals possessing the characters of the hoofed beasts, carnivora, and rodents! Professor Flower, the distinguished English osteologist, confesses that the modern classification of mammals completely breaks down in the light of these revelations. Cuvier's law of the "Correlation of Structures," although applicable within certain limits, would have led him into the gravest errors as applied to the fossils known at present. Professor Marsh, in his address on the "History and Methods of Paleontological Discovery," says that if Cuvier "had had before him the disconnected fragments of an eocene tillodont, he would undoubtedly have referred a molar tooth to one of his pachyderms, an incisor tooth to a rodent, and a claw-bone to a carnivore."

The sharp lines of demarkation which discriminate the various groups of mammals in Cuvier's day have been, in many cases, rounded off or completely obliterated. Man, who is still seeking his own phylum with those of many other species of mammals, must patiently wait.

Huxley, in his courageous little book on "Man's Place in Nature," published nearly twenty years ago, closes by asking the question: "Where, then, must we look for primitive man? Was the oldest Homo sapiens pliocene or miocene, or yet more ancient? In still older strata do the fossilized bones of an ape more anthropoid, or a man more pithecoid, than any yet known, await the researches of some unborn paleontologist! Time will show; but, in the meanwhile, if any form of the doctrine of progressive development is correct, we must extend, by long epochs, the most liberal estimate that has yet been made of the antiquity of man."

EDWARD S. MORSE.

INDEX

TO THE

HUNDRED AND THIRTY-SECOND VOLUME

OF THE

North American Review.

Volume 131 of the North American Review.

NOW READY, COMPLETE.

CONTENTS.

JULY.

Prince Bismarck, as a Friend of America and as a Statesman. Part I. MORITZ BUSCHL
Canada and the United States. Professor GOLDWIN SMITH.

The Exodus of Israel. President S. C. BARTLETT.

The English House of Lords. J. E. THOROLD ROGERS, M. P.

The Ethics of Sex. Miss M. A. HARDAKER.

The Panama Canal. Count FERDINAND DE LESSEPS.
Profligacy in Fiction. A. K. FISKE.

AUGUST.

Ruined Cities of Central America. THE EDITOR.

The Law of Newspaper Libel. JOHN PROFFATT.

Nullity of the Emancipation Edict. RICHARD H. DANA.

The Census Laws. CHARLES F. JOHNSON.

Principles of Taxation. Professor SIMON NEWCOMB.

Prince Bismarck, as a Friend of America and as a Statesman. Part II. MORITZ BUSCH.
Recent Literature. CHARLES T. CONGDON.

SEPTEMBER.

The Ruins of Central America. Part I. DÉSIRÉ CHARNAY.

The Perpetuity of Chinese Institutions. S. WELLS WILLIAMS.
The Trial of Mrs. Surratt. JOHN W. CLAMPITT.

The Personality of God. Professor W. T. HARRIS.

Steam-boat Disasters. R. B. FORBES.

Insincerity in the Pulpit. Rev. E. E. HALE.

Recent Works on the Brain and Nerves. Dr. GEORGE M. BEARD.

OCTOBER.

The Democratic Party judged by its History. EMERY A. STORES.
The Success of the Electric Light. THOMAS A. EDISON.
The Ruins of Central America. Part II. DÉSIRÉ CHARNAY.
The Observance of the Sabbath. Rev. Dr. LEONARD BACON.
The Campaign of 1862. Judge D. THEW WRIGHT.

The Taxation of Church Property. Rev. Dr. A. W. PITZER.
Recent Progress in Astronomy. Professor E. S. HOLDEN.

NOVEMBER.

The Monarchical Principle in our Constitution. W. B. LAWRENCE.
The Advantages of Free Religious Discussion. Bishop W. C. DOANE.
The Republican Party as it Was and Is. MONTGOMERY BLAIR.
The Ruins of Central America. Part III. DÉSIRÉ CHARNAY.
The Nicaragua Route to the Pacific. Rear-Admiral D. AMMEN.
The Coming Revision of the Bible. Rev. Dr. HOWARD CROSBY.
Recent European Publications. Professor T. F. CRANE.

The Political Situation from a Financial Stand-point: An Address. By E. D. MORGAN, J. J.
ASTOR, HAMILTON FISH, ROBERT LENOX KENNEDY, J. PIERPONT MORGAN, E. P. FABBRI, CHARLES
H. RUSSELL, JOHN A. STEWART, J. D. VERMILYE, HENRY F. VAIL, BENJAMIN B. SHERMAN, DAVID
DOWS, WILLIAM H. MACY, SAMUEL SLOAN, LEVI P. MORTON, GEORGE BLISS, JESSE SELIGMAN
GEORGE T. ADEE, CYRUS W. FIELD, JOHN W. ELLIS, ISAAC SHERMAN, I. N. PHELPS.

DECEMBER.

The Future of the Republican Party. GEORGE S. BOUTWELL.

Discoveries at Olympia. Professor ERNST CURTIUS.

Rational Sunday Observance. Rev. JAMES FREEMAN CLARKE, D. D.

Southern Statesmen and their Policy. JOHN JAY.

The Ruins of Central America. Part IV. DÉSIRÉ CHARNAY.

The Distribution of Time. LEONARD WALDO, S. D.

The Public-School Failure. RICHARD GRANT WHITE.

The Validity of the Emancipation Edict. AARON A. FERRIS.

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