activities of the association; and the fourth issue will give the preliminary details of the program of the annual meeting. Echoes of the reforming spirit of last year were noticed in the adoption, without debate, of the constitutional amendments proposed by the Committee of Nine; in the transfer of the ownership of the "American Historical Review" to the association; and in the immediate adoption of the report of the Committe on Finance concerning the methods of accounting in use by the association. The following officers were chosen by ballot: President, Worthington C. Ford; first vice-president, William Roscoe Thayer; second vice-president, Edward Channing; secretary, Waldo G. Leland; treasurer, Clarence W. Bowen; secretary of the Council, Evarts B. Greene; curator, A. Howard Clark; members of the Council, Eugene C. Barker, Guy Stanton Ford, Ulrich B. Phillips, Lucy M. Salmon, Samuel B. Harding, George M. Wrong, Henry E. Bourne, Charles Moore. The Council announced the following committees for 1917: HISTORICAL MANUSCRIPTS COMMISSION-Gaillard Hunt, chairman; M. M. Quaife, Justin H. Smith, Mrs. Amos G. Draper, D. R. Anderson, C. H. Lincoln. COMMITTEE ON THE JUSTIN WINSOR PRIZE-Carl Russell Fish, chairman; Everett Kimball, E. S. Corwin, W. E. Dodd, Oswald G. Villard. COMMITTEE ON THE HERBERT BAXTER ADAMS PRIZELaurence M. Larson, chairman; Sidney B. Fay, Louis J. Paetow, Ruth Putnam, R. H. Lord. PUBLIC ARCHIVES COMMISSION-Victor Hugo Paltsits, chairman; Clarence W. Alvord, Solon J. Buck, John C. Fitzpatrick, George S. Godard, Thomas M. Owen, G. N. Fuller, Peter Guilday. COMMITTEE ON BIBLIOGRAPHY-George M. Dutcher, chairman; William T. Laprade, Albert H. Lybyer, Wallace Notestein, William W. Rockwell, Augustus H. Shearer, William A. Slade, Bernard C. Steiner, H. E. Bolton. COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATIONS-H. Barrett Learned, chairman; George M. Dutcher, Carl Russell Fish, Gaillard Hunt, J. Franklin Jameson, Laurence M. Larson, Victor Hugo Paltsits, W. G. Leland, E. B. Greene. GENERAL COMMITTEE—William E. Lingelbach, chairman; Eloise Ellery, Irene T. Myers, Paul F. Peck, Royal B. Way, W. G. Leland, W. A. Morris, R. P. Brooks, R. H. George, P. J. Healy, C. R. Lingley, Eleanor Lord, J. M. McConnell, A. E. McKinley, F. E. Melvin, R. C. Ballard-Thruston, E. M. Huhne. COMMITTEE ON HISTORY IN SCHOOLS-Henry Johnson, chairman; Victoria A. Adams, Henry E. Bourne, Henry L. Cannon, Oliver M. Dickerson, Herbert D. Foster, Samuel B. Harding, Robert A. Maurer, Nathaniel W. Stephenson, Philip Chase, D. C. Knowlton, R. M. Tryon, W. L. Westerman. CONFERENCE OF HISTORICAL SOCIETIES-A. H. Shearer, secretary. ADVISORY BOARD OF THE HISTORY TEACHER'S MAGAZINEFred M. Fling, James Sullivan, re-elected for three years, from January 1, 1917. EDITOR OF THE AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW-Carl Becker, to succeed himself for the term of six years, beginning January 1, 1917. COMMITTEE ON LOCAL ARRANGEMENTS, THIRTY-THIRD ANNUAL MEETING-George W. Pepper, chairman; W. E. Lingelbach, vice-chairman; A. C. Howland, W. I. Hull, R. W. Kelsey, J. J. Van Nostrand, Jr., with power to add to their membership. COMMITTEE ON PROGRAM OF THE THIRTY-THIRD ANNUAL MEETING J. B. McMaster, chairman; H. V. Ames, vicechairman; J. H. Breasted, W. L. Fleming, H. L. Gray, C. J. H. Hayes, A. E. McKinley, D. C. Munro. HISTORY TEACHERS' ASSOCIATIONS. Additions to and corrections of the following list of associations are requested by the editor of the MAGAZINE: Alabama History Teachers' Association-Secretary, D. G. Chase, Birmingham. American Historical Association-Secretary, Waldo G. Leland, Washington, D. C. California History Teachers' Association-Chairman, Clifford E. Lowell, Berkeley. History Teachers' Association of Cincinnati, O.-Secretary, J. W. Ayres, High School, Madisonville, O. History Section of Colorado Teachers' Association; Western Division, chairman, Mrs. K. A. Morrison, Gunnison; Southern Division, chairman, Max Morton, Pueblo; Eastern Division, chairman, Archibald Taylor, Longmont. History Teachers' Association of Florida-President, Miss Caroline M. Brevard, Woman's College, Tallahassee; secretary, Miss E. M. Williams, Jacksonville. Indiana History Teachers' Association-President, Beverley W. Bond, Jr., Purdue University, Lafayette, Ind.; secretary, D. H. Eilsenberry, Muncie, Ind. Iowa Society of Social Science Teachers-President, Prof. G. B. Benjamin, State University of Iowa; secretary, Miss M. A. Hutchinson, West Des Moines High School. Jasper County, Mo., History Association-Secretary, Miss Elizabeth Peiffer, Carthage, Mo. Kleio Club of University of Missouri. Association of History Teachers of Middle States and Maryland-President, Miss Jessie C. Evans, William Penn High School, Philadelphia; secretary, Prof. L. R. Schuyler, City College, New York City. Mississippi Valley Historical Association, Teachers' Section-Chairman, A. O. Thomas, Lincoln, Neb.; secretary, Howard C. Hill, State Normal School, Milwaukee, Wis. Missouri Association of Teachers of History and Government-Secretary, Jesse E. Wrench, Columbia, Mo. Nebraska History Teachers' Association-Secretary, Julia M. Wort, Lincoln, Neb. New England History Teachers' Association-President, Miss Margaret McGill, Classical High School, Newtonville, Mass.; secretary, Mr. Horace Kidger, 82 Madison Avenue, Newtonville, Mass. New York City Conference-Chairman, Fred H. Paine, East District High School, Brooklyn; secretary-treasurer, Miss Florence E. Stryker, State Normal School, Montclair, N. J. New York State History Teachers' Association-President, Edgar Dawson, Hunter College, New York City; secretary, R. Sherman Stowell, West High School, Rochester, N. Y. History Teachers' Section of Association of High School Teachers of North Carolina-Chairman, Miss Catherine Albertson, Elizabeth City, N. C. History, Civics and Social Science Section of North Dakota Educational Association-President, H. C. Fish, State Normal School, Minot; secretary, Miss Hazel Nielson, High School, Fargo. Northwest Association of Teachers of History, Economics and Government-Secretary, Prof. L. T. Jackson, Pullman, Wash. Ohio History Teachers' Association-Chairman, Wilbur H. Siebert, Ohio State University, Columbus; secretary, W. C. Harris, Ohio State University. History Club of Ohio State University-Chairman, Florence E. Heyde, Columbus, O. Political Science Club of students who have majored in history at Ohio State University. Pacific Coast Branch of American Historical Association— Secretary, Prof. W. A. Morris, Berkeley, Cal. Rhode Island History Teachers' Association-Secretary, A. Howard Williamson, Technical High School, Providence, R. I. Oklahoma History Teachers' Association-President, Prof. R. G. Sears, State Normal School, Ada; secretary, Miss Jeanette Gordon, High School, Oklahoma City. South Dakota History Teachers' Association-Secretary, Edwin Ott, Sioux Falls, S. D. Tennessee History Teachers' Association Secretarytreasurer, Max Souby, Murfreesboro, Tenn. Texas History Teachers' Section of the State Teachers' Association-President, Frederic Duncalf, Austin, Texas; secretary, L. F. McKay, Temple, Texas. Twin City History Teachers' Association-President, Miss Medora Jordan, The Leamington, Minneapolis; secretary, Miss L. M. Ickler, 648 Delaware Avenue, St. Paul, Minn. Virginia History Teachers' Section of Virginia State Teachers' Association-President, Prof. J. M. Lear, Farmville; secretary, Miss Zadie H. Smith, High School, Portsmouth, Va. Teachers' Historical Association of Western Pennsylvania -Secretary, Anna Ankrom, 1108 Franklin Avenue, Wilkinsburg, Pa. West Virginia History Teachers' Association-President, Charles E. Hedrick, Glenville; secretary, Dora Newman, of Fairmont. Wisconsin History Teachers' Association — Chairman, A. C. Kingsford, Baraboo High School; secretary, A. H. Sanford, La Crosse Normal School. PERIODICAL LITERATURE EDITED BY GERTRUDE BRAMLETTE RICHARDS, PH.D. Elbert Francis Baldwin's article on "Francis Joseph's Long Reign" and T. Lothrop Stoddard's on "The New Emperor's Problems" in the January "Review of Reviews" are interesting and to the point. The former is a splendid resumé of the reign of the Emperor, emphasizing his strong hold on the affections of his people and the blunders of his foreign policy; the latter calls attention to the fact that the issue of the present war is literally one of life or death for Austria. However, the personality of the new Emperor is such that the future of Austria is not without hope. "My Trip to the Front," by Mrs. W. K. Vanderbilt, in the January "Harper's," is an account of the author's visit last August to the lines in company with the Inquisitor General of the Field Service of the American Ambulances. The article is one of the most valuable that have yet appeared, as it gives a description, not only of Verdun, but of the actual fighting. Harrison Rhodes' delightfully breezy article on "Washington the Cosmopolitan," in the same magazine, is full of interesting anecdotes of the National Capital. Elmer Roberts' "America and Europe-Now and After the War," in the January "Scribner's," emphasizes the anxiety both belligerents and neutrals feel for the good opinion of the other. He also suggests that the fighting nations will not be as ruined economically as Americans seem to think, as their sources of effort have not remained inactive during the war. "With Smuts in German East," by Cyril Campbell (January "Atlantic "), is a continuation of the author's account of the initial operations in the African campaign, which appeared in the August "Atlantic." It is a detailed and quite valuable narrative of the work of the great Afrikander, the third member of the great Triumvirate which foresaw and strove for the foundation and construction of another great white nation. Professor Albert Bushnell Hart's "See America First," in the "Outlook" for December 27, is admirably illustrated with views of the western mountains. The editorial comments in the "New Republic" for December 20 on President Wilson's note to the belligerent Powers regarding terms of peace, are well worth one's reading as an exposition of our national policy. Rear Admiral Bradley A. Fisher, generally recognized as the greatest naval authority on this side of the Atlantic, writes on "The Next Five Years of the Navy" in the "World's Work" for January. While criticizing the national laxness regarding an adequate navy, he also presents an admirable plan for recreation and reorganization of our naval power. The article is forcefully written and splendidly illustrated. 66 The last issue of the "American Political Science Review " publishes an article on The British Empire and Closer Union," by Professor Theodore H. Boggs, of the University of British Columbia, in which he discusses the general idea of the abolition of free trade. The origin, terms and probable results of the Federal Rural Credits Bill are ably discussed by George E. Putnam in the "American Economic Review" for December. The January "North American " contains President Lowell's exposition of The League to Enforce Peace and Sydney Brooks' "Meaning of the Lloyd-George Ministry," which he calls the triumph of democracy. He says of the new Premier that he is the right man in the right place, who will bring about a screwing up of infinitely varied machinery, a deepening of spiritual elements to form the fighting strength of a modern nation. "The Danger in India" is discussed in the December issue of the "Nineteenth Century" by the Right Honorable Lord Sydenham, of Coombe. His intimate knowledge of affairs in India leads to the statement that affairs there are being very much neglected, and only the ardent loyalty of the Indians saves England from a revolution. The situation there is more dangerous because of intensely complex social structures, the medley of races, creeds, languages and customs contained in this geographical entity. As yet India feels the strain of war very slightly, but the experience that her soldiers are gaining in foreign lands will make an uneradicable impression on the national consciousness. H. N. Brailsford's "The Civil Strife in Greece" ("Contemporary Review" for December) is a discussion of the work of Venizelos and of his party in establishing and carrying on a revolutionary government under the guns of a European fleet. Reports from The Historical Field The World Peace Foundation (Boston) has published a pamphlet entitled, "The Conciliation Plan of the League to Enforce Peace," in which the attempt is made to show that the conciliation plan is in accord with the terms of American arbitration treaties. The Florida History Teachers' Association held its annual meeting at Arcadia, December 29. The following officers were chosen: President, Miss Caroline M. Brevard, Tallahassee, Fla.; vice-president, Prof. David M. Cook, Tampa, Fla.; secretary, Miss Essie May Williams, Jacksonville, Fla.; Executive Committee, Prof. Arthur Williams, Tallahassee, Fla.; Prof. D. B. Shaver, Wauchula, Fla.; Prof. Albert Isaac, Cocoanut Grove, Fla.; Mrs. W. P. Coffey, Gainesville, Fla. The Library of Congress has issued its List of American Doctoral Dissertations Printed in 1916, prepared by Mr. A. M. Stephens. The volume also contains supplementary lists of thesis for 1912, 1913 and 1914. The volume also shows an alphabetical list of authors arranged under the names of the universities conferring degrees. Twenty-one titles are listed under the heading of History and Topography; thirty-five are listed under Social Sciences; and twelve under Political Science. It is to be noted, however, that a number of those included in social and political science are historical in treatment. The National Council of the Boy Scouts of America has completed the preparation of an educational department for the Boy Scout Movement, at the head of which has been placed Mr. Lorne W. Barkley. There is also to be an Educational Advisory Committee, composed of Prof. Jeremiah W. Jenks, Dean James E. Russell and Prof. Norman E. Richardson. The aim of the educational department will be to co-operate with school teachers and school administrators in bringing about a proper understanding of the educational value of the Boy Scout Movement. 66 The History and Civics Section of the Pennsylvania State Educational Association met in connection with the annual session of the Association at the Technical High School, Harrisburg, December 27. The chairman was A. B. Moyer, of the Downington High School, and the secretary, L. J. Reese, of the Lansford High School. The following program was provided: Community Civics, "Its Scope and Method," by Samuel H. Ziegler, West Philadelphia High School for Boys; discussion. 'Industrial History, Its Place and Relative Value in Secondary Schools," Prof. Hiram H. Shank, Lebanon Valley College; discussion. "Shall We Change from the Four Unit Plan to the Three Unit Basis," by A. D. Thomas, Hazleton; discussion. Informal Round Table Conference, topics: 1. Problem Method vs. Narrative Textbook Method; 2. Conference Plan vs. Combined Study-Recitation Plan; 3. Should Source Material and Collateral Readings be Standardized for Secondary Schools? 4. Do You Favor the Continuity Plan in Teaching History Instead of the Elective System? 5. Would a Delimitation of the History Course Benefit Small High Schools? 6. Do you give definite instructions for preparing note-books? 7. How may history teaching be improved? The well-known English historian, Dr. H. A. L. Fisher, has accepted the office of president of the Board of Educa tion in the new Lloyd-George Ministry. Dr. Fisher has had wide experience in educational affairs, and has shown deep sympathy in such movements as the University Tutorial Classes and the Workers' Educational Association. Dr. William H. Mace, for twenty-five years connected with the Department of History of Syracuse University, has recently been appointed editor of educational text for Rand, McNally & Co., of Chicago and New York. Dr. Mace is the author of a number of history text-books published by this firm. Sargent's Handbook of American Private Schools for 1916" has been recently published by Mr. Porter E. Sargent of Boston. It contains nearly 100 pages, giving a general description of private school education in the United States with a select bibliography. This is followed by about 300 pages of lists and descriptions of private schools throughout the country arranged both according to geographical distribution and the grade of the courses of study. The book also includes lists of student periodicals. educational associations and magazines, teachers' agencies, school supply dealers and other information of value to educators and those looking for guidance in educational matters. Volume 1 of the "Final Report of the Ohio Co-operative Topographic Survey of the Ohio-Michigan Boundary" has appeared from the press. The volume contains the report of the commissioners; the report of the engineer; and a brief sketch of the history of the boundary dispute between Ohio and Michigan. "Sectionalism, Representation, and the Electoral Question in Ante-Bellum South Carolina " is the title of a paper which appears in the Washington University Studies for October, 1916 (Volume 4, Part 2, No. 1, Washington University, St. Louis, Mo.). The study begins with about 1829 and continues down to 1858. It is accompanied with a number of maps showing the popular vote and legislative vote on important questions in the State's history. The "Mississippi Valley Historical Review" for December, 1916, contains the following papers: "Effects of Secession Upon the Commerce of the Mississippi Valley," by E. L. Colter; "Alabama and the Federal Government," by T. H. Jack; “Sir John Johnson, Loyalist," by M. G. Walker, and "Historical Activities in the Trans-Mississippi and Northwest," by D. E. Clark. The New Jersey State Department of Public Instruction has recently issued a syllabus for high schools entitled, "The Teaching of Social Studies, Including History." The monograph was prepared by Mr. Albert B. Meredith, Assistant Commissioner of Education, and by the following committee of New Jersey teachers of history: Mr. Arthur D. Arnold, chairman, Principal of High School, Passaic; Miss Sarah A. Dynes, State Normal School, Trenton; Mr. Samuel B. Howe, South Side High School, Newark; Dr. Daniel C. Knowlton, Central Manual Training and Commercial High School, Newark; Dr. Byron C. Matthews, Barringer High School, Newark, and Miss Florence E. Stryker, State Normal School, Montclair. Four courses of study are outlined in detail-first, Early European History to 1700, including English history and colonial American history; second, Modern European History Since 1700, including contemporary civilizations; third, United States History Since 1760 and Civic Theory and Practice; fourth, Economics. The department does not prescribe any fixed arrangement of these courses. Several plans are proposed. Grade 8-Community Civics, including a study of Vocations, 5 periods. Grade 9-Early European History, 5 periods. Grade 11-Modern European History, 5 periods. A detailed analysis of each one of the four courses is given. In addition there are suggestions for teachers, a bibliography of the teaching of history, and a suggested one hundred dollar library to cover the entire four courses. References to dealers and publishers of pictures, lantern slides, wall and desk maps and atlases are also included. J. F. Byrne's article in the January "Century” on “The Irish Grievance" presents the case of the anti-English party by outlining the century and more of strenuous effort by Irish Nationalists to avenge the measures of redress by constitutional means, and concludes that this is obviously impossible as long as the veto power remains in the hands of the House of Lords. 66 THE CANDID PROFESSOR SPEAKS. Gentlemen, this course in English history which I am going to give you will bore me as much as it will bore you. I wrote these notes over ten years ago, so that if any of you have notes taken by former students you can read even the jokes and jeux d'esprit before you come into class. I don't expect to know any of you personally. My secretary corrects the final examination papers. Nevertheless, I shall be willing to recommend you as preparatory school teachers at the close of the year. I do this to accommodate a bureau of employment conducted by the college. The recommendations are read by those in authority, and I want them to sound well, so that I will hold my job. I shall now begin to read the notes, and I feel sure that you all will absentmindedly take down erroneous notes in your usual illegible handwriting."" Life." HAKLUYT EXHIBIT. 66 At the New York Public Library, Fifth Avenue and Forty-second Street, an interesting exhibition commemorative of the death of Richard Hakluyt, the father of British geography, has been placed on view. This exhibition fills eleven show cases in which are shown many exceedingly rare publications. They include the earliest collections of voyages that were printed in any language, prior to Hakluyt's own works, and cover the period from 1504 to 1555. Of Richard Hakluyt's own works the Library shows every original publication. His Divers Voyages," 1582, one of eight known copies, is also the first book in the English language which relates to the territory which became the United States of America, and in which Hakluyt began his campaign for British maritime exploration. A still rarer book is his translation of Laudonnière's "Notable Historie of Florida," 1597; also " Virginia richly valued," which gives a description of the country south of Virginia, and is believed to have been published under the patronage of the Virginia Company. It is a translation made from a Portuguese "Relation," 1557, of which the Library owns one of the two known copies, the other being in the British Museum. This Portuguese work is also exhibited. Other works translated or edited by Hakluyt shown are those of Peter Martyr and Galvano. But the chief memorial of Hakluyt in this exhibition, or indeed in any exhibition that could be made respecting him or his work, is the only known manuscript of his treatise on "Westerne Discovery," written in 1584, which was never printed in his day, seeing the light only in 1877, when it was brought out by the Maine Historical Society. In this manuscript he exhibited systematically the political, commercial and religious advan tages to be derived by England from attempted colonization of America, particularly what is now the United States. He presented a copy to Queen Elizabeth before September, 1584, and made a second copy, wholly in his hand, which he gave to Sir Francis Walsingham shortly be fore Easter, 1585. Both of these manuscripts were lost almost from the time when they were written, and the manuscript exhibited lay unnoticed for nearly three hundred years until the publication already mentioned. Hakluyt suggested or lent his aid to other contemporaries in bringing out translations of geographical works of importance, such as "Mendoza's China," 1588; Leo Africanus's "A Geographical History of Africa,” 1600, and Lescarbot's "New France," or Canada, 1609. It was in 1589 that the first large volume of Hakluyt's "Principall Navigations Voiages and Discoveries," came from the press. Of this the New York Public Library has three copies. It has also five sets of the great three volume edition, showing virtually all known variations, 1598-1600, and one of these sets is particularly interesting to Americans because two of the title pages contain the autograph of Sir Ferdinando Gorges, the explorer of Maine. The original work of Samuel Purchas, 1625-1626, the continuation of Hakluyt and the various more modern edited editions and extracts of Hakluyt and Purchas are also in this exhibition, whilst about six cases contain a complete set of the publications of the Hakluyt Society named after him, which were issued from 1847 to 1915. The late Sir Clements Markham, president of the Roval Geographical Society and of the Hakluyt Society, pointed out that Hakluvt and Sir Walter Raleigh were virtually the founders of those colonies which eventually formed the United States, and that therefore Americans who revere the name of Raleigh should give an equal place to that of Hakluyt. It is with this idea in mind that the Public Library has taken the occasion of Hakluyt's tercentenary to bring before the American people the interest that his work has for them, and how closely it concerns their antecedents. NATIONAL ELECTION REPRODUCED IN SCHOOL. In many schools in the country the boys and girls on election day, November 7, reproduced in school the principal methods of balloting pursued in their community. An account of such a school election is given below, describing what was done in the two junior high schools of Kenosha, Wis., a description of which appears in the "Educational News Bulletin " (Wisconsin) for December 1, 1916. "A broad swath was recently cut in the important field of training for citizenship by the holding of an election in the two Kenosha Junior High Schools. These two schools of about 250 boys and girls each are housed according to a sort of modified Gary plan in one building known as the Frank School. "The plans for the election experiment were made by the teachers in civics of these two schools, Matilda Hansen and Winifred Farley. Here is their report. "About two weeks before the election Russell H. Jones, the county clerk, visited the school, and described the management of an election and the process of voting. He also furnished regular polling lists and tally sheets for tabulating returns. A room in the basement of the Frank School is used as a polling place for the fourth ward of Kenosha, and this enabled the children to carry out the voting in the regular way by using the room the day before election. The whole program was carried out even to the swearing in of one of the election clerks. "The campaign situation had been studied in connection with current events in the civics classes in anticipation of the election. An outline of the necessary material was made, and the following subjects were fully discussed in the civics classes. "1. The legal qualifications of candidates for the several offices. "2. Personal qualities necessary to the ideal man for each office. "3. The method of procedure in the nomination of can'didates: a. for the presidential ballot; b. for the state, legislative, congressional, and county ballot. “4. Manner of registration and the necessity of registering. "5. Methods of voting-straight ticket-scratch' ticket. "6. Method of counting votes: a. By the election board; b. By the county board of convassers; c. By the state board. "The plan of conducting the election was as follows: "1. The school represented the city. "2. Each section of the Junior High School was a ward, viz. There were the Frank school ward and the Lincoln school ward of the Junior High School City. "3. The count was made in each ward independent of the other. "4. The results were totaled as for an entire city. Each ward had its own officials for election. "We set aside Wednesday, November 1, as registration day. On this occasion, the board of registry, previously selected from the class, took full charge and performed the required duties. "The following Monday, November 6, was named as election day. As we used the polling place of the fourth ward of Kenosha, located in the basement of our school house, it was not possible to conduct our election on Tuesday, the regular election day. On this day, our chosen City Clerk swore in the inspector of election with all solemnity. The supplies were taken to the voting place, the ballots marked with the initials of the ballot clerks, every voter was questioned whether he had registered and no ballot was given to a voter not registered unless that voter could produce an affidavit, substantiated by two other voters from his own section. It was most strictly managed by the class members. "After the votes had all been cast, the election board gathered to count the ballots. With the air of experienced men and women, these boys and girls of the board went through the counting, sorting into different groups the 'straights' and the scratches,' then further dividing the 'straights' into their respective piles. "The tally was made, blanks furnished for general election returns filled out, and these were filed with the County Clerk of our school. "Too much credit cannot be given to the teachers who directed this impressive lesson on citizenship in its broadest and most practical aspect-that of voting for national, state and municipal officers." A HISTORY GAME. I find the following game very interesting and profitable when used in connection with history. One student is sent from the room and while out the teacher, or one of the pupils, decides what historical character he or she is to be. When the student reenters the room the others ask him questions as though he were the historical character selected; and from the questions asked the pupil guesses who he is. For example, the teacher sends John Smith from the room and they decide to make him Cyrus the Great. The pupils prepare their questions and give them as called on by the teacher. John is admitted and questions are asked. The following are a few good questions if Cyrus the Great" is the character chosen: 1. "Were you a vassal to the Median King?" 2. "Were you really so great as history tells us your were?" Why did you wish to capture the Median King?" 4. 4. "Did you expand the Persian Empire very much during your reign?" etc. 3. |