Balkan Wars of, 1912-14, 37; dissatisfaction of, with treaty of Bucharest, 40; mercenary course of, upon outbreak of war of 1914, 203-206; war declared upon, by Entente pow- ers, 206.
China, friction between Russia and Britain in, 15; foothold gained by Germany in, 161; Japan's request in 1914 that Germany withdraw from, 164-
Concert of Europe, league of great powers known as, 4; duration of, 4; progress toward world peace made under, 4-5. Crimean War, Moldavia and Wallachia freed from Russian protectorate as result of, 26.
Dardanelles, closing of, by Ger- man rather than Turkish or- ders, 175. Delcassé, Théophile, appointed French foreign minister, 17; brings about friendly relations between France and Great Britain, 17-18. Dernburg, Bernhard, defense of Germany's violation of Belgian neutrality by, 153-154. Diplomacy, inefficiency of Euro- pean, during Austro-Serbian crisis, 88.
Dual Alliance, formed between Russia and France, 10. Ducarme, General,
conversations
Colonel Barnardiston
Fashoda, Marchand expedition to, 16.
France, effect on, of loss of Al- sace-Lorraine, 6-7; Bismarck's policy toward, 7; success of Bismarck's policy of iso- lation of, 10; forms Dual Alliance with Russia, 10; rivalry between Great Britain and, at end of 19th century, 16; establishment of Entente Cordiale between Great Britain and, 17-18; attempted inter- ference of Germany with Mo- roccan policy of, 20-24; at- titude of, toward Austro-Hun- garian ultimatum to Serbia upon assassination of Archduke, 70; asked by Germany to in- fluence Russia to moderation, in Austro-Serbian crisis, 89; attitude of, toward Germany's proposal, 89; acquitted of re- sponsibility for Great War, 99; immediate steps leading to war between Teutonic powers and, 117-119; effort made by Ger- many to secure neutrality of, 129-130; charged by Germany with intentions of marching through Belgium, 146, 153. Francis Ferdinand, Archduke, as- sassination of, 43.
Franco-German War, results of, 6-7.
Minor, 13-14; condition Bagdad Railroad question at opening of Great War, 14; friction between Great Britain and, over rapid development of Germany's naval power, 14-15; defeat of attempt of, to inter- fere in French Moroccan policy, 20-21; further controversy with France over Moroccan policy, 21-22; devolopment of rivalry between Russia and, in the Balkans, 29-31; supports Aus- tria-Hungary in Balkan pol- icy, 32; relation of, to af- fairs between Austria-Hun- gary and Serbia following as- sassination of Archduke, 61-68; counts on neutrality of Great Britain in Serbian crisis, 70; plan of, for solving war prob- lem in Austro-Serbian crisis, 86-89; key to situation in Aus- tro-Serbian crisis said to have been held by, 94; declines to exercise influence over Austria, 94; objection of, to Earl Grey's suggestion of mediation, by four powers, 95; shares with Aus- tria responsibility for Great War, 99-101; ratifies Austria's promise to respect integrity of Serbia, 105; attitude toward ef- forts of the powers to isolate the war, 108-109; war de- clared between Russia and (August 1), 112; steps that led to mobilization in, 112-117; declaration of war between France and, 117-119; steps leading to declaration of war upon by Great Britain, 121 ff.; seeks to keep Great Britain neutral, 124; effort made by, to secure neutrality of France, 129-130; reasons given by, for violating Belgian neutrality, 136; declaration of war against, by Great Britain, 140; violation of neutrality of Lux- emburg by, 140; bound by treaty of 1839 to observe neu- trality of Belgium, 143; argu- ments of, in defense of viola- tion of Belgian neutrality. 144- 160; events leading to Japan's declaration of war against, 161-165; course followed by, to win support of Turkey, 170- 179; Italy declares war against, 202; declares war on Portugal,
207-208; causes leading to war between America and, 213 ff.; proclamation issued by, declaring a war zone around British Isles, 213; protest of United States Government against proposed policy, 214- 215; position taken by, re- garding protest of United States, 215-217; policy an- nounced by, a violation of in- ternational law, 217-219; Lusi tania sinking and its conse- quences, 220-225; attitude of, in Arabic incident, 226-227; controversy with America over trade in arms and ammunition, 228-232; disagreement over armed merchantmen, 232-237; the Sussex case, 237-243; statement of Emperor, as to in- ternational law no longer exist- ing, 240; outcome of Sussex case a diplomatic victory over, 243; peace demands of (1917), 247; entrance of, upon policy of unrestricted submarine war- fare, 248-249; breaking of re- lations between America and, 249-250; resumption of unre- stricted submarine warfare by, 251-252; reasons for declara- tion of war against, given in address by President Wilson, 254-260; strength of feeling and hostile plans in, against America, prior to declaration of war, 260-261; war declared against, by America (April 6, 1917), 261-262.
Goschen, Sir E., account of final interview with German chan- cellor, 137-139.
Great Britain, isolated position of, between powers of the Triple and the Dual Alliance, 10-11; industrial and colonial rivalry between Germany and, 11-15; strained relations with Russia and France, 15-16; alliance with Japan due to Russian rivalry in Far East, 16; con- flicting interests with France in northern Africa, 16-17; friendly understanding brought about between France and, 17- 18; steps leading to friendly re- lations with Russia, 18-19; de- clares a neutral attitude con- cerning Austro-Hungarian ul- timatum to Serbia, 70; not re-
sponsible for Great War, 99; steps leading to declaration of war on Teutonic powers, 121- 140; declaration of war against Germany, and later against Austria, by, 140; promises aid to Belgium in case neutrality is violated, 152; intention of vio- lating neutrality of Belgium disavowed by, 156-160; deal- ings between Turkey and, lead- ing to break in relations, 165- 179; reported agreement be- tween Italy and (May 9, 1915), 200; use of American flag on vessels of, 218. Greece, steps leading to independ- ence of, 25-26.
Greindl, Baron, dispatch from, to Belgian minister of foreign af- fairs, 153.
Grey, Sir Edward, gives impres- sion that England will remain neutral in case of Austrian war with Serbia, 70; opinion of, as to proper course for Serbia to follow, 77; opinion of Serbia's reply to Austria, 84; asked by Germany to exercise moderating influence with Russia, 88; pol- icy of joint mediation proposed by, 89-90; asks Germany to use influence with Austria against war, 94; second pro- posal of, concerning arrange- ment of an agreement by four powers, 95; proposal of July 31, looking to prevention of war between Russia and Aus- tria, 107; statement by, of British position as to taking part in possible European war, 122-124; failure of, to give positive declaration of Great Britain's attitude concerning war between powers, 124-126; statement as to preservation of neutrality of Belgium, 126; negotiations between German ambassador and, 127-132; quoted on British protection of neutrality of Belgium, 156-157, 158.
Hague Tribunal, Franco-German dispute over Casablanca affair settled by, 22.
Hayes, Political and Social His tory of Modern Europe, cited, 12, 18, 19, 23, 32, 34. Hazen, Europe Since 1815, cited, 24, 26, 27, 28, 29, 162.
Hertslet, The Map of Europe by Treaty, cited, 144. Herzegovina, annexation of, by Austria-Hungary (1908), 30. Internationalism, significance of, as opposed to nationalism, 5; becomes allied with despotism, 5; lost opportunity of, 6. International law, Germany's sub- marine policy concerning neu- tral vessels a violation of, 217- 219; provisions of, regarding trade by a neutral in military supplies, 228-232; Kaiser's statement as to non-existence of, 240.
Italy, reasons of, for becoming a member of Triple Alliance, 9; attitude of, in Austro-Serbian crisis, 90-91; effect of war with Turkey in 1911-12 on rela- tions of, to Triple Alliance, 180; weakening of feeling of, for Triple Alliance, for decade before Great War. 180; re- mains neutral upon breaking out of European war, 181; progress of events leading to declaration of war against Austria, 181-202; declaration of war against Germany by, 202.
Jagow, Von, German foreign minister, 215-216, 240, 241; sincerity of, in friendship for America, 245. Japan, alliance between Great Britain and, 16; joins sides with Triple Entente, 19; treaties between England and, 161-162; conduct of, at open- ing of European war, 162; conduct of, at opening of Euro- pean war, 162; ultimatum sent to Germany, regarding withdrawal from Orient, 163- 165; declares war on Germany, 165; Austria breaks relations with, 165; Germany's plans for embroiling United States and, as revealed by Zimmermann note, 253.
Joint mediation plan proposed by Earl Grey in Austro-Serbian crisis, 89-90; approved by Rus- sia, Italy, and France, 90. Jungbluth, General, conversation between Colonel Bridges and, 152-153, 155.
Kato, Barön, Japanese foreign minister, speech by, quoted, 163-165. Kiaochou, held by Germany, 161; Japan demands Ger- many's withdrawal from, 165.
Lansing, Robert, American secre-
tary of state, 222-227, 233; error made by, in armed mer- chant controversy, 234; raigns Germany for whole sub- marine policy, 238-239. Law, A. Bonar, letter to Asquith, quoted, 133.
Lichnowsky, Prince, reference
made by, to Potsdam Confer- ence of July 5, 1914, 64; cited on responsibility of Central powers for the war, 99, 100; negotiations between Sir Ed- ward Grey and, 127-131. London, treaty of (1913), 37 London, Declaration of, 214. Lusitania, sinking of the, 220. Luxemburg, violation of neutral-
ity of, by Germany, 140; dif- ference between relations Great Britain to, and her rela- tions to Belgium, 140.
Mallet, Sir Louis, cited as to Germany's responsibility for Turkish raid on Odessa, 177. Marchand affair, 16-17. Marne, effect of battle of, on German desires regarding Tur- key, 171 n.
Mesopotamia, proposed develop- ment of, by Germany, 12. Metternich, reactionary influence of. 5.
Mexico, German plans for em- broiling United States and, 253. Mobilization, steps that led to Russian and German (1914), 112-118.
Moltke, General von, present at Potsdam Conference, 65. Monroe Doctrine, not recognized by Germany, 261. Montenegro, disposition of, under treaties of San Stefano and Berlin, 28; declares war on Austria-Hungary and Germany (August, 1914), 120. Morgenthau, Ambassador, testi- mony of, as to Potsdam Con- ference, 65-67; cited concern- ing mobilization of Turkish forces under direction of Ger-
man generals, 167 n.; on the sale of German war vessels to Turkey, 168; on hostility of Turkish press to Entente pow- ers, 170; on effect of battle of Marne on relations between Germany and Turkey, 171 n.; on the closing of the Darda- nelles by Germany, 175. Morocco, friction between Ger- many and France over, 20-24.
Nationalism, meaning of, 5; allied with liberalism, 5; responsibil- ity of, for war of 1914, 6. Naval power, friction with Eng- land caused by rapid develop- ment of Germany's, 14-15. Navarino, defeat of Turks in naval battle of, 25.
North German Gazette, denial by, of holding of conference at Potsdam on July 5, 1914, 63; quoted on negotiations tween Sir Edward Grey and German ambassador, 128; de- fense of Germany's violation of Belgian neutrality by, 153–154. Odessa, German responsibility for Turkish raid on, 177-178.
Pashitch, Serbian prime minister, on public sentiment concern- ing assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand, 46-47. Peace overtures of winter of 1916-17, 245, 247.
Persia, steps taken by Great Britain in, to block Bagdad Railroad scheme, 13; clash of British and Russian interests in, 15; agreements between
Great Britain and Russia as to relations with, 18. Portugal, sympathies of, with Al- lied cause in European war, 206-207; Teutonic powers de- clare war upon, 208
Potsdam Conference of July 5, 1914, 63-67.
Prussia, party to quadruple al- liance of 1815, 3. Prussian-American treaty of 1799,
Quadruple Alliance of 1815, 3. Quintuple Treaty, guaranteeing neutrality of Belgium (1839), 143.
Rogers, America's Case Against Germany, cited, 214, 218, 226, 233, 243, 244, 251. Rumania, races found in princi-
pality of, 26; results to, of Balkan wars of 1912-14, 38; position at opening of European war, 208-209; joins sides with Allies, 209. Russia, party to quadruple alli-
ance of 1815, 3; a member of Three Emperors' League, 7-8; rivalry of Austria and, in the Balkans, 8; diplomatic victory of Austria over, by revised treaty of San Stefano, 98; Bis- marck aids Austria against, 8; alliance of Germany, Austria- Hungary, and Italy against, 9; Dual Alliance formed between France and, 10; treaties signed between Great Britain and, con- cerning Persian protectorates, 13; withdrawal of opposition of, to Bagdad Railroad, 14; agree- ments made in 1907 between Great Britain and, 18-19; con- tinued rivalry between Teutonic powers and, in the Balkans, 28-31; Germany supports Aus- tria-Hungary against, 31-32; hostility of, toward Austria- Hungary increased by Austria's attitude in Balkan wars of 1912-14, 36; takes stand against Austro-Hungarian de- mands on Serbia following as- sassination of Archduke, 69; seeks support of Great Britain, 69-71; refusal of request made by, to Austria, that time limit set by ultimatum to Serbia be extended, 73-75; plan of, for preventing war in Austro-Ser- bian crisis, 87; effort made by Germany to secure neutrality of, 88; mobilizes forces, but shows anxiety to avoid a con- flict, 92; negotiations of, with Austria, 96-99; acquitted of re- sponsibility for Great War, 99; determination of, to stand by Serbia, 102, efforts of other powers to prevent war between Austria and, 102-103; final of- fer made to Austria by (July 30), 110; war declared be- tween Germany and (August 1), 112; steps that led to mob- ilization in 112-117; Austria declares war on, 117; events
leading to break in relations with Turkey, 177-179.
San Stefano, treaty of (1878), 8, 27-28.
Sazonof, Russian foreign minis- ter, views of, on Austro-Serbian crisis, 69-71, 72 ff. Serbia, early history of, 25; achieves independence, 28; ill treatment of, by Austria-Hun- gary, 32; results to, of wars with Turkey in 1912-14, 33- 40; state of relations between Austria-Hungary and, in 1914, 43; attitude of press, people, and government of, concerning assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand, 43-51; ulti- matum sent to, by Austria- Hungary, in note of July 23, 1914, 52-57; responsibility of Germany for Austrian ultima- tum to, 63-67; attitude of, upon receiving the Austro-Hun- garian note, 68; moderate re- ply of, to Austrian note, 78- 83; failure of reply of, to sat- isfy Austria, and consequent rupture of diplomatic relations, 84-85; reported inevitability of war being thrust upon, by Austria, 93; war declared against, by Austria, 98. Stowell, The Diplomacy of the
War of 1914, cited and quoted, 9, 18, 31, 143, 144. Submarines, opening of contro- versy over, between Germany and United States, 213-217; use of, against neutral vessels
violation of international law, 217-219; American lives and vessels lost in sinkings by, 219 n.; sinking of the Lusi- tania, 220; America's firm stand in regard to sinkings by, 235-243; division of sentiment in Germany on use of, 244- 245; entrance by Germany upon unrestricted use of, 248- 249.
Sussex case, the, 237-243.
Three Emperors' League, forma- tion of, 7-8; falls into abey- ance, 8. Times, London, quoted on nego- tiations between Sir Edward Grey and German ambassador, 127; quoted on points which
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