1862] ISLAND No. 10.-SHILOH. 181 stroyed the Cumberland and Congress, General Curtis defeated the Confederates at Pea Ridge, Arkansas, after three days' desperate fighting. 6. The Confederates still commanded the lower Mississippi. They had strong fortifications on Island No. 10 in that river, between the Kentucky and the Missouri shore. General Pope and Commodore Foote undertook the capture of this important post. They were completely successful, making prisoners of over 5,000 Confederates, who had been forced to evacuate the island. The gun-boats then descended the river, and defeated a fleet of the enemy; and the city of Memphis, Tennessee, immediately surrendered. 7. Following up the capture of Forts Henry and Donelson, General Grant moved southward. You can trace his route on the map. On the 6th of April, the enemy attacked his army on the field of Shiloh. The first day of the fight, the Confederates drove the national forces to the Tennessee River, killed and captured great numbers of them, and threatened the whole army with destruction. The gun-boats, however, checked the enemy; and during the night Grant was reënforced by an army under General Buell, which had marched from Nashville. Resuming the battle the next day, he drove back the enemy, who retreated to Corinth in the north-eastern part of Missis berlandR Ft.Henry Ft Don TENNES elson Tennessee R. just at this time? With what result?-6. At what place in the Mississippi had the Confederates strong fortifications? Who attempted the capture of this island? What was the result? What did the gun-boats then do ?-7. How did General Grant follow up the capture of Forts Henry and Donelson? Where did the enemy attack his army? How is Shiloh situated? (See map.) What was the result of the first day's fighting? What, of the second? What sippi. Followed thither by the Federal forces, they destroyed their magazine and evacuated the place. 8. Early in April, Fort Pulaski, the chief defence of the city of Savannah, was taken from the Confederates. This was followed by the more important capture of New Orleans, by Admiral Farragut, who ran past the forts below the city with part of his fleet amid a storm of shot and shells. The forts soon surrendered; and the gun-boats, ascending the river, took other important places. LESSON LX. MOVEMENTS OF 1862 (CONTINued). 1. The army of the Potomac had been preparing through the winter for an advance on the Confederate capital. When they commenced moving, the enemy fell back to the Rappahannock River (see map, p. 177). McClellan thought he could reach Richmond most easily by way of the peninsula between the James and the York River. Accordingly, he transported his troops to Fortress Monroe, at the mouth of the James, and began his march from that point. The enemy resisted his advance at Yorktown and Williamsburg, but were obliged to fall back, and the Federal forces at length arrived within seven miles of Richmond. 2. Here McClellan stopped and called for reënforcements; but the government could not send him any, for Washington was threatened. On the 31st of May, the Confederates attacked him at Fair Oaks. They were repulsed, but McClellan's loss did the Confederates do, when followed to Corinth ?-8. What fort was taken early in April? What more important success followed? 1. For what had the army of the Potomac been preparing? When they commenced moving, what did the enemy do? By what route did McClellan propose advancing on Richmond? Accordingly, what did he do? Where did he meet with resistance? At length, how near Richmond did he get ?-2. At this point, what did McClellan do? Why was he not reënforced? What took place, May 31st? What was the effect of the swamps on the Federal army?— 1862] THE SEVEN DAYS' BATTLES. 183 was large. The unhealthy swemps in which the Federal army lay, were also rapidly thinning its ranks. 3. McClellan now found it necessary to change his base to the James River, where he could have the protection of the gun-boats and wait for more men. While making this movement, he was fiercely attacked by the enemy. A succession of bloody battles followed, lasting seven days. It was only with great loss and suffering that the National forces were at last brought to the James River. 4. Richmond was now safe, and General Lee with his main body moved to the north to take Washington. The troops left for the defence of the capital had been placed under General Pope, but they were much inferior to the enemy in number. McClellan was at once ordered back to the support of this force, but before he arrived a series of desperate battles had been fought. Pope saved Washington, but it was at the cost of 20,000 men and some of the bravest of the Federal officers. 3. Give an account of McClellan's change of base.-4. What was General Lee's next movement, and its result?-5. What did General Lee next do? What took place, September 14th? How is South Mountain situated? (See he was obliged to give battle to the National forces at South Mountain. A hard-earned victory was won by the Union army, and the enemy fell back behind Antietam [an-te'-tam] Creek. 6. "Stonewall Jackson", one of the ablest of the Confederate generals, had been sent against Harper's Ferry before the battle of South Mountain. Having taken it and its garrison of over 11,500 men, he rejoined Lee in time for the great battle of Antietam, September 17th, 1862. The loss on both sides at Antietam was severe, but the advantage was with the National forces. Lee withdrew his army, unmolested, across the Potomac, having lost in his Maryland campaign not far from 30,000 men. 7. McClellan was now superseded by General Burnside. He resolved to try the advance to Richmond by way of Fredericksburg, which you will find on the Rappahannock River, on the map, p. 177. As his army gathered on one side of the river, Lee's appeared on the other. Before Burnside was able to procure pontoons to cross the river, the enemy had fortified themselves strongly on the heights back of the city. The most heroic efforts were put forth by the Union army to carry these heights, but without success, and Burnside was obliged to recross the river, with a loss of 12,000 men. Thus, at the end of 1862, the army of the Potomac was as far from Richmond as ever. LESSON LXI. MOVEMENTS OF 1862 (CONTINUED) AND 1863. 1. In the latter part of 1862, two Confederate armies, under Generals Kirby Smith and Bragg, overran Tennessee and Kentucky. After gaining victories at Richmond and Munfordsville, map.)-6. What place was captured by Stonewall Jackson? At the junction of what two rivers is Harper's Ferry? (See map.) When was the battle of Antietam fought? With what result? Into what does Antietam Creek empty? What did Lee do after this battle?-7. By whom was McClellan now superseded? Give an account of Burnside's movements at Fredericksburg. 1. Relate the movements of the Confederates in Tennessee and Kentucky, 1862] BATTLE OF MURFREESBORO. 185 Kentucky, they united at Frankfort, the capital of the state. Cincinnati was saved only by the energy of General Wallace. Buell, who had followed Bragg from Tennessee with a Union army, occupied Louisville, and thus saved it from plunder. After ravaging the country and forcing into his ranks all whom he could, Bragg fell back into East Tennessee, with a large train of wagons laden with spoils. 2. Meanwhile, Grant and his command had not been idle. In September General Rosecrans defeated the Confederates at I-u'-ka, Mississippi, and the next month repulsed them with great loss at Corinth. Rosecrans was now ordered to supersede Buell, and on the 31st of December he gave battle to Bragg at Murfreesboro, Tennessee. For three fearful days victory was doubtful, but at last it was secured to the Union, the Confederate army retreating on the night of January 3d. 3. A million and a quarter dollars a day were needed to carry on the war. To raise this vast sum, Congress increased the duties on various imported articles, laid taxes on incomes and manufactures, and required stamps to be placed on deeds, bonds, mortgages, &c. They also authorized the issue of government bonds and United States notes, or "green-backs", to a large amount. The banks had some time before suspended specie payment,-that is, had ceased to pay out gold or silver. Gold, therefore, commanded a premium; $100 in gold, at one time during the war, was worth $298 in paper money. 4. The 1st of January, 1863, was made memorable by a proclamation of President Lincoln. By authority given him by Congress, he declared slavery abolished in all states then in insurrection, except in such parts as were held by the Federal Government. 5. Early in 1863, General Hooker was placed in command towards the close of 1862.-2. What victories were gained by General Rosecrans about this time? Whom was Rosecrans ordered to supersede? What took place, December 31st? What was the result of the battle ?-3. What was the daily cost of the war? How was this sum raised? What had the banks done some time before? What was the effect on the value of gold?-4. What memorable proclamation was made by the President, January 1st, 1863?-5. Early in 1863, who was made commander of the army of the Potomac ? Give |