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1864]

CAPTURE OF ATLANTA.

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advance on Atlanta, Georgia, he hastened to the army of the Potomac, to move on the Confederate capital.

5. Sherman was soon in the field. By a succession of masterly movements, now outflanking the enemy and now forcing them from their position by hard blows, he at last drove them to their fortifications before Atlanta, and laid siege to the city. Three furious attacks were made on the besieging force, but without success. Sherman having finally succeeded in cutting the communications of the enemy and severing a large detachment from the main body, the Confederates evacuated the city, and on the 2d of September the National. forces entered it in triumph.

6. Grant, with the army of the Potomac, advanced upon Richmond by way of the Wilderness, west of Chancellorsville (see map, p. 177). Lee gave him battle, May 5th, 6th, 7th, but was obliged to fall back. Hard fighting, with fearful loss on both sides, was continued day after day, till at last Lee was forced to Richmond. Grant then withdrew his army south of the Potomac, and tried to take Petersburg. He was prevented from so doing by a strong force thrown into its defences by Lee.

7. In connection with the attack on Richmond, two attempts, both unsuccessful, were made by the Federals on Lynchburg, Virginia. Hunter, in retreating from the latter of these, left the valley of the Shenando'ah River undefended; and General Early, with 20,000 men, seized the opportunity to invade Maryland the third time. Plundering as he went, he approached within a few miles of Baltimore, and a detachment of his army even entered the suburbs of Washington. They were speedily repulsed, and the whole body soon afterwards crossed the Potomac with their booty.

8. A Federal column started in pursuit, gained some advan

do with the army at Chattanooga? Where did he hasten ?-5. Describe Sherman's movements. How did he finally succeed in taking Atlanta ?-6. What route did Grant take in his advance on Richmond? Give an account of his movements. What place did he attempt to take? How was he prevented from taking it ?-7. On what place were two unsuccessful attempts made? Give the history of the third invasion of Maryland.-8. With what success did the

tage at first, but was finally driven back. Again (July 29th) Early threw part of his force across the Potomac. Not till General Sheridan was intrusted with its defence, was the Shenandoah valley secured to the Union.

9. Before day on the 19th of October, 1864, the Federal army of the Shenandoah was suddenly attacked by the enemy at Cedar Creek, thrown into confusion and rout. It was then that Sheridan made his famous ride of twenty miles from Winchester, and by his presence turned defeat into a signal victory, taking many guns and prisoners. Beaten in all his encounters with Sheridan, Early at last relinquished the valley to his antagonist.

LESSON LXIV.

MOVEMENTS OF 1864 (CONTINUED).

1. The summer of 1864 was signalized by the destruction of the Alabama, a Confederate privateer built in England, commanded by Captain Semmes, which had been roaming the seas, pillaging and burning American merchantmen. She was sunk by the Kearsarge, after a short contest, off the coast of France. Two other privateers, the Florida and Georgia, were captured during the year by National vessels.

2. Meanwhile, Grant and his army were hard at work before Petersburg. A breach was made in the enemy's defences by the explosion of a mine; but, when the Union forces attempted to enter through the opening, they were driven back with a loss of 5,000 men. Expeditions were sent out to cut the railroads that supplied the enemy, and the Confederate lines were attacked at different points on both sides of the James River, but no very great advantages were gained.

Federal column that pursued Early meet? Who finally secured the Shenandoah valley to the Union ?-9. Tell how Sheridan once saved a lost battle. What was Early at last obliged to do?

1. By what event was the summer of 1864 signalized? How was the Alabama destroyed? What other privateers were captured?-2. What was done at Petersburg by Grant's army? What other movements were made?-3. When

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SHERMAN'S CAMPAIGN..

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3. In August, Admiral Farragut distinguished himself by his achievements in Mobile Bay. This bay was defended by three Confederate forts, as many gun-boats, and the iron-clad ram Tennessee. Farragut ran past the forts, and captured or disabled the Confederate fleet, one gun-boat alone escaping. Supported by a land force, he then turned on the forts. One of these was blown up by its garrison, and the other two were obliged to yield to his furious bombardment. Thus the way was opened to Mobile.

4. In the fall of 1864, Mr. Lincoln was reëlected President, over General McClellan, who ran against him. At the same time, Andrew Johnson, of Tennessee, was chosen Vice-president.

5. After taking Atlanta, Sherman allowed his army to rest for two months and a half, and then commenced one of the memorable movements of the war. Leaving men enough behind under General Thomas to protect Tennessee from the Confederate army which had been driven from Atlanta, he abandoned his lines in the interior and marched for the coast, sweeping a tract from twenty to sixty miles wide, destroying railroads, living on the country, and striking terror into the inhabitants. The enemy could make little resistance. Within a month the coast was reached, Fort McAllister near Savannah was taken, and communication was opened with the Federal fleet. The Confederates were obliged to evacuate Savannah, which on the 21st of December was occupied by the National army..

6. No sooner had Sherman moved from Atlanta than Hood, the Confederate commander, invaded Tennessee. The Union forces were driven back from point to point, till at last they made a stand near Nashville. While Hood was preparing to blockade the river and cut the railroads, General Thomas attacked him (December 15th), drove him from his position in

and where did Admiral Farragut distinguish himself? How was Mobile Bay defended? Relate Farragut's achievements.-4. In the fall of 1864, who were elected President and Vice-president? - 5. After taking Atlanta, how long a rest did Sherman allow his army? What did he then do? Within a month what was effected? What were the Confederates obliged to do?-6. Give an

great disorder, and captured many cannon and over 13,000 prisoners. Hood then withdrew the remnants of his army into northern Alabama.

7. Wilmington, on the coast of North Carolina, had been a great resort of blockade-runners throughout the war. It was defended by Forts Fisher and Caswell. In December, 1864, Admiral Porter and General Butler set out to reduce these forts and take the city. The Federal fleet soon silenced the guns of Fort Fisher; but General Butler, thinking the works too strong to be taken by assault, gave up the undertaking. Some days afterwards the attempt was renewed by General Terry, with complete success. The forts were taken, and on the 22d of February, 1865, the National flag waved over Wilmington.

8. Towards the close of 1864, various schemes were set on foot by Confederates in Canada, for injuring the people and property of the loyal states. One party made a raid on St. Albans [awl'-bunz], in the northern part of Vermont, robbed the banks, and escaped across the frontier. Another party

captured and burned two steamboats on Lake Erie. A third attempted to burn the city of New York by setting fire to several of the large hotels; the flames were put out, however, before much damage was done.

LESSON LXV.

CLOSING MOVEMENTS OF THE WAR.

1. After a short rest at Savannah, Sherman's army were again in the field. They marched across South Carolina, taking Columbia, the capital of the state, on the 17th of February,

account of Hood's invasion of Tennessee. How was it terminated? Where did Hood lead the remnants of his army?-7. What place was a great resort of blockade-ruuners? How was it defended? What attempt was made in December, 1864? Who repeated the attempt? With what success ?-8. Towards the close of 1864, what schemes were set on foot in Canada? Mention some of these that were put in execution.

1. What were the next movements made by Sherman's army? What places

1865]

CAPTURE OF CHARLESTON.

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1865. Thence they advanced into North Carolina. After two engagements with the enemy, who had concentrated to oppose their progress, they entered Goldsborough, and soon afterwards occupied Raleigh, the capital of the state, the Confederate army falling back to the north-west.

2. Sherman's movements in his rear, and the near approach of Gillmore's batteries, warned the Confederate commander in Charleston that his position was no longer safe. Accordingly, having set fire to the store-houses containing cotton, he evacuated the city and the forts in the harbor, which were occupied by the Federal army on the 18th of February. The bombardment of the city had continued 542 days.

3. General Sheridan, with part of his force, made a brilliant movement at this time up the Shenandoah valley. Routing a body of Confederates on his way, he rapidly advanced in the direction of Richmond, and destroyed the railroad and canal by which it received most of its supplies. Then, crossing the James, he joined the army before Petersburg.

4. The Confederate leaders, seeing that an overwhelming force was being brought against them, on the 25th of March made a desperate attempt to break Grant's lines and cut off part of his army. They were at first partially successful, but were finally repulsed. General Grant, in turn, pushed the enemy vigorously, and advanced his lines.

5. On the 2d of April, an attack was made by the Federal forces along the whole line in front of Petersburg, and the Confederates were driven from their intrenchments. Petersburg and Richmond could be held no longer, and that same night they were evacuated by the Confederates. It was felt that now the war must soon terminate.

6. Lee's army retreated towards Lynchburg, where it was

in North Carolina did they occupy ?-2. What was done by the Confederate commander in Charleston? What forced him to this course? How long had the bombardment of Charleston lasted?-3. What movement was made by Sheridan at this time?-4. What desperate attempt was made by the Confederates, March 25th? With what success did they meet? What did General Grant do in turn ?-5. What movement was made by the Federals, April 2d? What was the result?-6. What place did Lee's army try to reach? How were

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