4. A great feast was prepared, and the chiefs engaged in a grand dance. At last the ship stopped, a boat was lowered, and Henry Hudson, dressed in red, entered it with a number of Now they were sure the Manitou was come, and formed a circle to receive him.

his men.

5. When Hudson reached the land, he saluted the natives, and then produced a bottle of liquor. After drinking a glass himself, he poured out another, and handed it to the nearest chief. Afraid to drink it, the Indian only smelled the liquor, and passed it to the next, who did the same. Thus the glass passed around the whole circle, and was about to be handed back untasted, when one of the chiefs, fearing that the Manitou would be angry, took it and said he would drink it, no matter what the consequences might be.

6. No sooner had he drained the glass than he began to stagger, and at last he fell to the ground. His friends thought he was dead; but he soon got up again, and declared he had never before felt so happy. They were all now eager to try the wonderful "fire-water ", and it ended in all the natives' getting drunk.

7. The next day, Hudson distributed some beads, stockings, and axe-heads, among his new friends. They were delighted with these presents, but did not know how to use them. The next time the Dutch visited the spot, they saw that the Indians had turned the stockings into tobacco-pouches, and strung the heavy axe-heads around their necks as ornaments.

8. Hudson sailed up the river until it became so shallow that he could go no farther. One of his boats ascended beyond where Albany now stands. After holding friendly intercourse with several native tribes, he sailed down again to the mouth, and thence back to Europe, to give an account of his discoveries. The next year he made another voyage. Sailing farther north, he discovered Hudson Bay, but lost his life in its icy waters.

son's ship approaching ?-4, 5, 6. Tell the story about Hudson's meeting with the Indians.-7. What did Hudson give the Indians? What use did they make of these gifts?-8. How high did Hudson's ship ascend the river? How far

1610]

DUTCH SETTLEMENTS.

37

9. The Dutch followed up Hudson's discovery by sending out trading-vessels to the region he had visited. They obtained large quantities of beaver-skins and other furs from the Indians, in exchange for beads, knives, and hatchets. This was found so profitable that forts were built at different points to protect the traders. One of these was erected on Manhattan Island, in 1614. A few huts were put up around it, and the name of New Amsterdam was given to the settlement. Such was the origin of the great city of New York. The whole region was called by the Dutch New Netherlands.

10. The Dutch were a quiet, honest people. They loved to smoke their pipes, and talked no more than they could help. They paid the Indians for their land, though they made good bargains, and got it very cheap. The whole island of Manhattan, now worth millions upon millions, cost them only twenty-four dollars. Wherever money was to be made by traffic with the natives, they established posts; and their traders soon spread out on Long Island, Staten Island, and New Jersey. But it was not till 1621 that families came over to settle in New Netherlands.

1. Captain John Smith, in one of his exploring voyages, visited the coast of what is now Maine and Massachusetts. To this northern region he gave the name of NEW ENGLAND. It was first permanently settled in 1620, by a party from England,

did one of his boats go? What did Hudson then do? What discovery did he afterwards make? What was the fate of Hudson ?-9. How did the Dutch follow up Hudson's discovery? In what did they trade? How did they protect the traders? What was the origin of the great city of New York? What was it first called? What was the whole region called?-10. What kind of a people were the Dutch? How much did they give for Manhattan Island? Where did they establish posts? Where did their traders spread out? When did families come over to New Netherlands?

1. Who gave New England its name? When and by whom was New Eng

who are often spoken of as the Pilgrim Fathers; they belonged to a religious sect called Puritans, who were ill treated in England because they wished to worship God in their own way.

2. A number of Puritan families determined to emigrate to America, that they might enjoy their religion unmolested. One hundred persons embarked on a little vessel called the Mayflower. They meant to settle near the Hudson River; but a long and stormy voyage brought them to the dreary shore of Cape Cod, on the Massachusetts coast.

3. Parties were sent out to explore the coast. They found nothing but some Indian graves and a small heap of corn. The ground was covered with snow, and many took violent colds, from which they afterwards died. A boat was then dispatched with some of the leading men, to sail along the coast and find a good place for landing.

4. Bitterly cold the little party found it. The spray froze on their coats, and made them as stiff and bright as if they had been of steel. Once, when they had landed, some Indians came near, and raising a terrible war-whoop discharged a volley of arrows at them; but the sound of the pilgrims' muskets soon put the savages to flight. Resuming their voyage, they were overtaken by a violent storm and almost wrecked. They found shelter, however, on an island. There was a good harbor in the mainland near by; and, as the country seemed to be more fertile than any they had before seen, they determined to land there, and send for their companions on the Mayflower.

5. The landing of the Pilgrims took place on the 21st of December, 1620. The day is still kept by the people of New England. They gave the name of Plymouth to the place they founded. It is on the eastern coast of Massachusetts.

Here

land first permanently settled? To what religious sect did the Pilgrim Fathers belong?-2. Why did the Puritans come to America? How many came at first? On what vessel? Where did they mean to settle? What part of the coast did they reach ?-3. What was found by the exploring parties sent out? What was the consequence of their exposure? What did the Puritans finally do?—4. Relate the adventures of this exploring party. What did they at last find?— 5. When did the Pilgrims land? What did they call the place they founded?

1620]

SICKNESS AND DEATH.

39

you have a picture of the Puritans, with their wives and children, landing on the bleak snow-covered shore.

6. The Pilgrims at once commenced building huts. But they

had been exposed so much that many were taken ill. Six of their number died in December, and at one time almost every person in the settlement was stretched on a sick-bed. Yet they kept stout hearts, and put their trust in God.

7. The houses of the Puritans were built of rough logs. They had nothing but long grass with which to cover their roofs. One night in January, two of the party, Brown and Goodman, went out into the woods to gather some of this grass. On their

Where is Plymouth situated? What do you see in the engraving ?-6. What befell the Pilgrims after their landing ?-7, 8, 9. Of what were the houses of the

return, they lost their way. Night was near at hand, and, to add to their trouble, a heavy snow-storm set in.

8. After trying in vain to find their way back, they sat down under the shelter of a large rock, and prepared to spend the night there. But before long the wind commenced howling among the branches, and in their fright they fancied it was the roaring of a lion. They knew not that there were no lions in America, and so they climbed a tree for safety. But there they were exposed to the cold wind, which pierced their clothes and made them shiver. Finding that they would freeze unless they kept in motion, they came down from the tree and walked round and round it as fast as they could till daylight.

9. Glad were the two wanderers when morning appeared. They lost no time in pursuing their way, and, after walking fast or running all day, they succeeded in reaching Plymouth in the evening. Their companions, having searched for them without success, had given them up for lost, and supposed that they had been killed or carried off by Indians. Long did Brown and Goodman remember the roaring of the lion and that freezing night in the woods.

1. The winter was gloomy enough for the Puritans. They suffered much from hardship and sickness. By April half their number had died. But the weather now grew mild. Birds began to appear. The fields became green. The sick soon got better.

2. The country around Plymouth, though deserted when the Pilgrims settled there, showed signs of having been inhabited before. Smoke was seen afar off several times through the win

Puritans built? With what did they cover them? Tell the story about Brown and Goodman.

1. What kind of a winter did the Puritans pass? What was the state of things in April?-2. What signs did the country around Plymouth show?