grant of it, and a party of settlers was sent over. They built a fort at the mouth of the river, and called it Saybrook.

LESSON XV..

CONNECTICUT. THE PEQUOD WAR.

1. Connecticut, as we learned in the last lesson, was first permanently settled at Windsor, by Captain Holmes. Two years afterwards, a party from Massachusetts Bay determined to settle there. They went over land, driving their cattle before them, through woods that neither cattle nor white men had ever before traversed. But they started too late. The river was frozen before they arrived. Their cattle perished, and they suffered much through the winter from want of food.

What did Holmes do? Where did he settle?-8. Where and by whom was Saybrook founded?

1. When and by whom was Connecticut first permanently settled? Two

1636]

TROUBLES WITH THE INDIANS.

47

2. The next summer, another party of about one hundred men, women, and children, set out from Boston for the valley of the Connecticut. They lived mostly on the milk of their cows, which they took with them. Moving slowly along, they were nearly a fortnight in completing a journey which can now be made by railroad in three or four hours. They arrived safe, and founded Hartford and Wethersfield. Find these places on the map, p. 45.

3. Connecticut was inhabited by many powerful tribes of Indians. Among these were the Pequods, who lived in what is now the south-eastern part of the state, near the mouth of the Thames [tamez] River. When the Pequods saw the white men spreading over their pleasant hunting-grounds, they were filled with jealousy and alarm; and the whites, seeing how the Indians felt, distrusted them in turn. Up to this time, there had been peace between the whites and Indians; but this suspicion soon produced war.

4. One day, a trader, sailing off the coast, saw a boat which he knew belonged to one of the settlers named Oldham. It was full of Indians, and he suspected there was something wrong. So, although he had only two boys with him, he made for the boat. The Indians were frightened when they saw him, and as he approached they jumped over into the water. The trader went on board, and under a fishing-net he found Oldham's body, all mangled and bleeding,

5. The people of New England determined to punish the murderers. A body of men started for the Pequod villages. The Indians had fled, but there were their wigwams and cornfields. Setting fire to these, the settlers laid waste the country far and wide. This roused the Pequods to a bloody revenge. Dividing into small parties, they surrounded solitary houses, cut

years afterwards, who went there? What befell this party from Massachusetts Bay?-2. What took place the next summer? On what did the emigrants live? How long did it take them to make the journey? What places did they found?-3. By whom was the greater part of Connecticut inhabited? Where did the Pequods live? What excited their jealousy? What was the consequence?-4. How was the murder of Oldham discovered ?-5. How did the

off travellers, shot down the men as they worked in the fields, and scalped women and children at their own firesides. They spared none.

6. Resolving to cut off all the English settlers, the Pequods tried to induce another tribe, the Narragansetts, to join them. When the people of Boston heard of this, they were greatly frightened. Knowing that Roger Williams, whom they had driven out shortly before, was much beloved by the Narragansetts, they sent to him, begging that he would dissuade his friends from joining the Pequods. This good man, on receiving their message, set out alone in his canoe, in a violent storm, for the Narragansett village. He found the Pequod chiefs already there; but he pleaded so earnestly, that after wavering several days, the Narragansetts refused to join the Pequods, and declared themselves friends of the English.

7. The settlers now sent a body of men against the Pequods. Reaching one of their forts just before sunrise, they surprised its inmates, and set fire to their wigwams. They then formed a ring around the wigwams, and, as the flames drove the Indians out, shot them down without mercy. Six hundred Pequods perished in an hour. The next morning, the rest of the tribe, who had been at another fort, came in sight and renewed the battle. They fought bravely, but were defeated by the English. The few that survived were pursued from place to place, and the whole tribe was destroyed.

8. In 1638, the year after the Pequod War, New Haven was founded, as a distinct colony, by a company of Puritans from England. The new colonists adopted the Bible as their only rule of public action.

9. The New England colonies grew and flourished. In 1643, they contained over fifty villages. Threatened at this time by

people of New England punish the murderers? What was the consequence? -6. Whom did the Pequods try to rouse against the English settlers? How did the English prevent them from succeeding?-7. What measures were next taken by the settlers? Give an account of the battle with the Pequods. What took place the next morning? What became of the few that survived?— 8. When was New Haven founded? By whom? What did the settlers of New Haven adopt as their rule of public action?-9. In 1643, how many villages did

1643]

MARYLAND.

49

the Indians, and also by the Dutch and French, they thought it best to combine for their mutual protection in case of war. Accordingly, Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, Connecticut, and New Haven, formed an alliance under the name of "The United Colonies of New England". This league lasted forty years, and was of great benefit to all.

LESSON XVI.

MARYLAND.-DELAWARE.-NEW

JERSEY.

1. MARYLAND. - The next colony founded was Maryland. The region now so called was granted by the King of England to George Calvert, Lord Baltimore. Calvert desired to establish a colony where all might enjoy civil and religious freedom. His charter provided that the English government should not tax the colony or interfere with its affairs. The tract thus granted was called Maryland in honor of Henrietta Maria, the Queen of England.

2. Lord Baltimore died before he could plant his colony; but his son, Ce'-cil Calvert, succeeded to the grant. In 1634, he sent over from England two hundred emigrants. They sailed up the Potomac River, which separates Maryland from Virginia, bought some land from the natives, and built a little village. They gave the Indians knives, hoes, and axes; and the Indian women in return taught them how to make corn-bread and johnnycake.

3. The settlers of Maryland did not suffer, like those who founded the other colonies. They arrived at a favorable season,

the New England colonies contain? What alliance was formed in this year? How long did this league last?

1. What was the next colony founded? To whom was the region now called Maryland granted? What did Calvert desire? What did his charter provide? Why was this tract called Maryland ?-2. By whom was a colony planted in Maryland? When? Where was the settlement of St. Mary's? (See map, p. 50.) What did they give the Indians? What did the Indian women teach them?— 3. What is said of the settlers of Maryland? By whom was their only trouble

and were helped by the people of Virginia. They were free and happy, and numbers joined them from England. Their only trouble was caused by a man named Clayborne, who, before their arrival, had established a trading-post within their boundaries. He stirred up several rebellions, but was at last put down. Baltimore, the largest city in Maryland, was named after the founder of this colony.

4. DELAWARE.-Delaware was next founded, in 1638, by a company of Swedes and Finns. The Swedes are the inhabitants of Sweden, and the Finns of Finland,-two countries in the north of Europe. Though these nations had made no discoveries in the new world, they wanted to have a colony there, and fitted out a party of emigrants. Landing on the shore of Delaware Bay, the Swedes bought a tract from the Indians, and

After whom was it named ?-
Who are the Swedes? The

caused? What is the largest city in Maryland? 4. When was Delaware founded? By whom? Finns? Where did they land? How did they obtain a tract? What did they