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Penn himself had been thrown into prison, and suffered much on account of his opinions. He thought it would be a great thing to establish a colony where the Quakers could be free and happy. Now, the King had owed his father, who was a famous admiral, a large sum of money; and Penn, in payment of the debt, obtained a grant of land in the new world, as mentioned above.

8. Penn, with a large company of Quakers, reached the shore of America in 1682. The next year, he laid out on the Delaware the fine city of Philadelphia, now the second in size in the Union. Penn treated all men honestly. He bought his land of the Swedes and Indians. Calling the Indians together under a great elm, he made them presents, assured them of his love, and asked their friendship in return. The Red Men met him kindly. They promised to live in peace with him and his children as long as sun and moon should endure.

9. The Indians kept their word. For seventy years, Pennsylvania had no trouble with the natives. The people enjoyed a free government, and numbers flocked there from other parts of the new world and from Europe. In three years Philadelphia grew more than New York had done in fifty years. But Penn did not profit by its prosperity. He was unjustly deprived of his rights in the colony, and died in poverty.

LESSON XX.

INDIAN MISSIONS.-FRENCH EXPLORERS.

1. The Puritans were moral and industrious, but stern and formal. They cropped their hair close to their heads, and were

England? How had William Penn been treated? How was it that he obtained a grant in the new world?-8. When did Penn and his Quakers reach America? What did he do the next year? How is Philadelphia situated? (See map, p. 50.) Give an account of Penn's treaty with the Indians.-9. How long was Pennsylvania free from troubles with the natives? What is said of the growth of Philadelphia? What became of Penn?

1. Describe the Puritans.-2. Why had the Puritans fled from England?

opposed to wigs and veils. They thought it wicked for women to wear lace, silk hoods, or flowing sleeves. They observed the Sabbath strictly, and commenced it on Saturday evening. They liked very long prayers and sermons, and punished those who stayed away from church.

2. The Puritans had fled from England to escape persecution.. Yet, when they got the power in the new world, they persecuted others. The colony of Massachusetts Bay, you remember, drove out Roger Williams. They treated Quakers still worse, fining and whipping such as were found within the limits of the colony. At last, they even put several Quakers to death. How could they think that such cruelty was pleasing to God?

3. Towards the Indians the Puritans showed a better spirit. John Eliot and other good men went among them, and tried to make them Christians. Eliot translated the Bible into their language, and opened a school for Indian youth. He taught the women to spin, and the men to dig. His kindness won their hearts, and many of the natives in Eastern Massachusetts received the truths he taught.

4. The Puritans were not alone in trying to convert the Indians. We learned that the French at an early date explored the St. Lawrence River. In 1608, they founded Quebec on its left bank. The trade in furs with the Indians was found profitable, and various French settlements were made in different parts of what is now called Canada. With the traders came out a number of Roman Catholic priests and Jesuits, who travelled far out in the north-west and preached to the Indians.

5. Several little forts were built by these French priests in what is now the states of Michigan and Illinois. It was then, of course, a wilderness. Torture and death were often the re

How did they act when they had the power in the new world? Whom did they drive out? How did they treat Quakers ?-3. What spirit did the Puritans display towards the Indians? What was done by Eliot? What success did Eliot meet with? 4. What other people sent missionaries among the Indians? What river was explored by the French? What city was founded by them in 1608? Where were various French settlements made? Who came out with the traders ?-5. Where were several little forts built by the French? What reward did the missionaries often meet with? How did they show their

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ward of the devoted missionaries. Even after having once suffered much and escaped, they would go back to preach to the same savages that had ill-treated them.

6. This was the case with Father Jogues [zhōg]. The Dutch redeemed him from the Mohawks, after he had been nearly tor.tured to death. He found his way back to Canada; but shortly after, when a missionary was to be sent to these same Mohawks, he offered himself for the work, and went, saying, "I shall never return.” His words were fulfilled. Soon after his arrival, the savages declared he had blighted their crop, and put him to death.

7. Marquette [mar-ket'] and Joliet [zhole-ya'], two devoted French missionaries, in the course of their wanderings, discovered the upper part of the Mississippi, as De Soto had the lower part more than a hundred years before. They sailed some distance down the great river. The Indians along its banks were friendly, and feasted them with hominy and fish. Marquette afterwards undertook another expedition. He landed to say his prayers on the bank of a stream in Michigan, and died there while engaged in his devotions.

8. The greatest of these French explorers was La Salle [lah sal]. He set out for the west in the first sail-boat that ever crossed Lake Ontario. He met with many adventures, built forts, traded with the Indians, and went where white men had never been before. Part of his company discovered the Falls of Saint Anthony in the Mississippi. In 1682, he sailed down the Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico, and called the country Louisiana, after Louis XIV., King of France.

9. La Salle then went to France, to obtain the means of founding a colony at the mouth of the Mississippi. He was intrusted with several ships, and a large amount of stores. But his store-ship was wrecked on the coast of what is now called

devotion?-6. Tell the story of Father Jogues.-7. By whom was the upper part of the Mississippi discovered? Give an account of their wanderings. What afterwards happened to Marquette ?-8. Who was the greatest of these French explorers? Give an account of La Salle's wanderings. What discovery was made by part of his company? What did La Salle do in 1682?-9. What

Texas. He could not find the mouth of the great river. Leaving some of his men to settle in Texas, he set out with the rest, to find his way across the continent to Canada.

10. La Salle had not gone far when he was killed by one of his company. The murderer himself soon after perished, and few of the party succeeded in reaching Canada. Though La Salle failed to plant a permanent colony, his expedition gave the French King a claim to the whole valley of the Mississippi.

1. The French now possessed many posts in Canada and the far west, and had great influence with some of the native tribes. The English settlements were still more numerous, and stronger. So it is not strange that the two parties were jealous of each other. In 1689, troubles arose between the Kings of France and England, and hostilities at once commenced in the new world. As William III. now held the crown of England, this was called King William's War.

2. The first thing the French did, was to excite their Indian allies against the English. There was an old man called Major Waldron, living in Dover, New Hampshire, who had once treated the natives cruelly, and to whom some of them were in debt for goods. About dark one night, a couple of squaws knocked at, his door, and asked to stay there all night, as they were very tired. Major Waldron told them that they might; but, as soon as the family were asleep, they opened the door and let in a band of Indians.

did La Salle next do? What accident befell him? Where did he finally try to make his way?-10. What was the fate of La Salle ? What became of his party? What claim did the French King base on La Salle's discoveries?

1. What cause was there for jealousy between the French and English? In 1689, what took place? What was this war called, and why ?-2. What was the first step taken by the French? What stratagem was practised by the Indians

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3. They set the old man on a table. He had been a magistrate; and, mocking him, they cried out, "Judge Indians now as you used to do." Then the cruel savages who owed him money, drew their knives across his breast, saying that thus they crossed out their accounts. After killing Major Waldron, they attacked the neighboring houses, putting to death all whom they could.

4. The following winter, a body of French and Indians surprised Sche-nec'-ta-dy. This was a flourishing village, sixteen miles from Albany. There was a wall of palisades around it, but the sentinel had gone to sleep, and the assailants entered through the gate. The inhabitants were roused by the terrible war-whoop and the crackling flames of their houses. Some were killed in their beds. Others fled into the wilderness in their night-clothes. The rest were driven off as captives, and the town was reduced to ruins. Other places on the frontier suffered in the same way.

5. These outrages at last roused the English. They sent two expeditions against the French at Montreal and Quebec. One was beaten back, and the other returned without effecting anything. Throughout this war, which lasted eight years, the French and their Indian allies had the better of the English.

6. Mrs. Dustin showed a daring spirit. She was lying sick, with a young babe beside her, when a band of Indians fell upon the house. They killed the poor infant, and made her get up, sick as she was, and go with them. Mr. Dustin was working in a field near by. He could not help her; but telling his children to run for the woods, he kept the Indians off with his gun, and thus with difficulty saved them.

7. Mrs. Dustin, her nurse, and a boy, were driven off many miles to the north. Threatened every day with death, they at last resolved to risk their lives in an effort to escape. The boy told his master that he wanted to make a great warrior, and

in Dover, New Hampshire ?-3. How did the Indians treat Major Waldron ? What did they do to the neighboring houses?-4. Give an account of the attack on Schenectady.-5. What expeditions were sent out by the English? What was their success? Which side had the better throughout King William's