metric measures of length, surface capacity, weight,
n. 103, pp. 116-119.

WELFARE. Constitution established to promote the general welfare.
Preamble.

This phrase defined; date of insertion, n. 11. One of
the enumerated powers of Congress; Story's definition of
the phrase, n. 80.
WELFARE. Congress shall have power to promote the general
welfare..

Defined; Judge Story's explanation; the power and the purpose discriminated; limitation of the power, n. 80. WENTWORTH, Jr., JOHN, of New Hampshire. Signed the Articles of Confederation, p. 21.

WEST VIRGINIA. Qualifications for suffrage in, n. 17. Three repre-
sentatives, n. 24. Assigned to fourth judicial circuit,
n. 197. Carved out of Virginia, n. 235. Its conduct during
the war, Id. Ratified the thirteenth amendment, n. 274;
the fourteenth, n. 275.

WHIPPLE, WILLIAM, of New Hampshire. Signed Declaration of
Independence, p. 7.

WILLIAMS, JOHN, of North Carolina. Signed the Articles of Con-
federation, p. 21.

WILLIAMS, WILLIAM, of Connecticut. Signed Declaration of Independence, p. 7.

WILLIAMSON, HU., of North Carolina. Signed the Constitution, pp. 42, 252.

WILSON, JAMES, of Pennsylvania. Signed the Constitution, pp. 42, 252.

WINTHROP, ROBERT C. Was Speaker of the House of Representatives, n. 26.

WISCONSIN. Qualifications for suffrage, n. 17. Six representatives
n. 24. Population in each decade, n. 24, pp. 69, 70. As-
signed to seventh judicial circuit, n. 197, p. 192, Ad-
mitted into the Union, n. 230. Ratified the thirteenth
amendment, n. 274; the fourteenth, n. 275.

WITHERSPOON, JOHN, of New Jersey. Signed Declaration of
Independence, p. 7. And the Articles of Confederation,
p. 21.
WITNESS against himself. Nor shall any person be compelled, in
any criminal case, to be a witness against himself." Amend-
ments....

This would be contrary to republican principles; con-
fined to criminal cases, n. 256.

WITNESSES against him. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused to be confronted with the witnesses against him. Amendments..

"Accused" defined, n. 260.

WITNESSES in his favor. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor. Amendments..

"Compulsory process" defined, n. 261.

WITNESSES. No person shall be convicted of treason, unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open court......

Refers to proofs on trial, and not to preliminary hearing; "overt act treason" defined, n. 216.

WOLCOTT, OLIVER, of Connecticut. Signed Articles of Confederation, p. 21.

WRIT of habeas corpus. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended unless, when in cases of rebellion or invasion, the public safety may require it.... "Privilege" defined; Bates's opinions on President's suspension of the writ, n. 140. Habeas corpus defined; the President not amenable to the writ; a writ of universal right ex merito justitia; when first suspended; When the federal courts may issue the writ; the power of the State courts to issue, n. 141, pp. 141, 142. Can only bo suspended by act of Congress. The power of the Stato

courts over persons held in military service discussed;
ruling in Vallandigham's case; act of 3d March, sus-
pending the writ; President's proclamation, n. 141, p. 143.
Invalidity of the writ in Mrs. Surratt's case; suspension
of the writ does not authorize arrest, but denies the writ
to the prisoner; this denied in contempt cases, n. 141,
p. 144. Minors above eighteen may enlist in the navy with-
out consent of parents or guardians; Stanbery's opinion
in Gormley's case; demarcation between the powers of
the United States and the State courts; the whole sub-
ject discussed, n. 141, pp. 141-146.

(See Habeas Corpus.)

WRIT of right. The habeas corpus is a, n. 141.

WRITINGS. Exclusive right to writings may be secured by authors for a limited time

Object of this power of Congress; "author" defined; copyrights, how secured; limitation of the power, 107. WYTHE, GEORGE, of Virginia. Signed the Declaration of Independence, p. 8.

YEAS and nays of the members of either house of Congress, on
any question, shall, at the desire of one-fifth of those
present, be entered on the journal. .
"Yeas and nays" defined, n. 51, p. 88.

YEAS and nays. Votes in the two houses of Congress, on passage
of any bill, order, resolution, or vote, returned with ob
jections by the President, shall be taken by yeas and

nays.

(See Veto-Votes.)