Mofes kept the Flock of Jethro his Father-in-law in Exo. iii. 1. Midian. The Ifraelites leaving the Land of Egypt, took with them Flocks and Herds, even very much Cattle. xii. 38 Having fpoiled the Midianites, a Part of the Booty Numbers which the Men of War had caught, was 675,000 Sheep. xxxi. 32. Saul being fent to deftroy the Amalekites; contrary to 1 Sam. xv." God's Appointment, fpared the best of the Sheep. 9. David returned from Saul to feed his Father's Sheep xvii. 15. at Bethlehem. The Sons of Reuben took from the Hagarites 250,000 1 Chron, Sheep. V. 21. The feveral Companies that came to David at Ziklag xii. 40. to make him King, brought with them Sheep abundant ly. Afa King of Judah fpoiling the Ethiopians, carried 2 Chron. away Sheep in abundance. xiv. 15. Ahab in Samaria killed for Jehoshaphat and his Com- xviii. 2. pany Sheep in abundance. And the Arabians brought him (Jehoshaphat) Flocks, xvii. 11. 7700 Rams. In the Days of Hezekiah, upon a particular Occafion, xxix. 33. were at one time of the confecrated Things 3000 Sheep. Hezekiah King of Judah, at the Feaft of the Paffo- xxx. 24. ver, did give to the Congregation 7000 Sheep. And the Princes gave to the Congregation 10,000 Sheep. A Part of Job's firft Subftance (in the Land of Uz) Job i, 34 was 7000 Sheep; of his fecond, 14,000. Meha King of Moab was a Sheep-Mafter, and render'd unto the King of Ifrael 100,000 Lambs, and 100,000 Rams with the Wool. Genefis xxxi. 19. xxxviii, And 12. Linen, gold Chains, State Chariots given to Jofeph, we fee all the Marks of Luxury, and Politenefs." "Divine Legation, Vol. II. p. 31. Yet Pharaoh himself had his Gen.xlvii. Shepherds; the Egyptians were at this Time Shepherds 6-17. themselves, as well as the Ifraelites. Connection of the facred and prophane Hiftory, by J. Shuckford, p. 342. * Confequently of Silk and Woolen Manufacture, in that, or fome neighbouring Country. 1 Sam.xxv. 4. 2Sam.xiii. 23. And David heard in the Wilderness that Nabal did fhear his Sheep. Abfalom had Sheep-fhearers in Baalhazor, which is befide Ephraim; and Abfalom invited all the King's Sons. And this fhall be the Prieft's Due, the first of the Fleece 1-4. of thy Sheep fhalt thou give him. Deut.xviii Ezek. The Prophet fpeaking of the rich Trade of Tyrus, and xxvii. 18. its approaching Ruin, fays, Damafcus was thy Merchant in white Wool. Rev. i. xiii. 14. Prov.xxxi. 13, 19. Exod. xxxv. 26, 1 Sam. xvii. 7. One like unto the Son of Man, his Head and his Hairs white like Wool, as white as Snow. 4. The virtuous Woman feeketh Wool and Flax, and worketh willingly with her Hands. She layeth her Hands to the Spindle, and her Hands hold the Distaff. And all the Women that were wife-hearted, did fpin with their Hands, and brought that which they had fpun, both of blue and of purple, and of fcarlet, and of fine Linen. And the Staff of his Spear (Goliath's) was like a Weaver's Beam. Job vii. 6. My Days are fwifter than a Weaver's Shuttle. Levit.xiii. 47, 48. Ifa. vii. 6. Mal. iii. 2. 12. Cloth of Scarlet, Blue. CHA P. II. Pliny, Columella, and Strabo, of Sheep, Wool, "Fit the World as much a Neceflary of Life as any licy * licy, to purfue quite the fame Measures, in refpect thereof, as if that was really the Cafe. But this home-bred Sentiment, which has long been cherished in fome Degree, and of late very ftrongly, though moft abfurdly, maintained, is as little favoured from other Books of Antiquity, as from the Holy Scriptures. Pliny in his natural Hiftory, and t Columella de Re Ruftica, fpeak largely in Praise of Sheep and Wool; diftinguifhing the Kinds and Sorts of each; informing us in what Parts of Italy and Afia, &c. were the beft; but don't so much as mention the Sheep of Britain and Ireland, Strabo || fpeaks of the fine Woolen Manufacture of Turtedania, a Part of the Kingdom of Portugal, and the yet finer of the Coraxi, a People of Afia, and the large Price of Rams there for breeding; this fo early as in the Time of Tiberius Cafar. Polydore Virgilt (in his Book De Inventoribus Rerum) Magna eft Pecori Gratia, vel in Placamentis Deorum, Plin. Nat. ' vel in Ufu Vellerum. Ut boves fumptum Hominum ex- Hift. 1. 8. colunt, ita Corporum Tutela Pecori debetur. • Ovium fumma Genera duo funt, tectum & colonicum. Illud mollius, hoc in Pafcuo elegantius. Lana autem laudatiffima Apulæ, & quæ in Italia Graci Pecoris appellatur, alibi, Italica. Tertium locum Milefia Oves obti'nent. Circa Tarentum Canufiumq; fummam Nobilitatem habent. In Afia vero eodem Genere Laodicea., Alba circum Padanis nulla prefertur ; nec Libra centenos Nummos ad hoc ævi exceffit ulla.' c. 47, Poft majores Quadrupedes, ovilli Pecoris fecunda ColumelRatio eft, quæ prima fit, fi ad Utilitatis Magnitudinem la, 1, 7. referas. Nam id præcipue nos contra Frigoris Violentiam protegit; corporibufque noftris liberaliora præbet Vela. mina. Pinguis & Campeftris Situs proceras Oves tolerat, gracilis & collinus quadratas, Sylveftris & montofus exiguas. • Generis eximii Milefias, Calabras, Appulafque noftri exiftimabant, earumque optimas Tarentinas. Nunc Gallicæ ' pretiofores.' Speaking of Turtedania, Frequens inde primum Veftis Strabo. veniebat, nunc vero Coraxorum amplius Lanificium excellentiffimæ Pulchritudinis, undè admiffarii Arietes Talento emantur.' Arachne Lanificii peritiffima Minervam in Certamen Polydore provocavit. Nendi autem texendique Artem Palladem 1 inftituiffe nemo ambigit, quippe quæ Minerva Ars nomi B 3 'natur; Rerum) informs us who were by the Gentile World reputed the Inventors of the Arts of spinning Wool, weaving, fulling, and dying Cloth. And however they might be mistaken, in attributing that to one, which belonged to another, or concerning the exact Times when the fuppofed Perfons did live; it fhews nevertheless that there was such a thing as Woolen Manufacture long before Chap. 4. England had the Art (as will appear) and probably before $. 1. it produced the Material. СНАР, natur; quod innuere videtur Nafo his Verfibus: Quid facis acide, non funt tua Munera Lanæ. Plinius tamen dicit Egyptios textilia comperiffe. Fullo- Poliodorus, in his Hiftory De Inventione Rerum, doth fpecify Three worthy Women; and of these three one Minerva is; and he fays, he alone Devifed first to make Wool into Cloath, Which very likely is to be a Troath: (For he with her Brother Bacchus went to India} And there Minerva might her Knowledge learn; Although 'tis very likely that they there The Antiquity, Utility, and Excellency of the CHA P. III. *The Hiftory of the Commerce and Navigation of the Ancients; written in French by Monfieur Huet Bishop of Auranches; made English from the Paris Edition: and printed at London 1717. •PLINY places the Omanians in Perfia. Arrian P. 30. adds, that the People carried to Barigaza, an ancient City of India, and to Arabia, Pearls, Purples, Habits of their Country, &c. 2. When Altho' this is fo far an entertaining Book, as to give a pleafing Idea of the Learning, Labour and Sagacity of the Author; yet the Reader who expects from it, by reason of the Title, any very particular Account of Trade and Manufacture, as exercifed among the Ancients, will find himself difappointed; nevertheless in this Book is the beft Account thereof which he can hope to meet with. For it was not for want of Inclination, or through any fuperficial Neglect in Mr. Huet, that Things of that fort are fo fparingly touched upon by him in this Work: but because it being but a Tranfcript from other Works, the Copy could not poffibly exceed the Originals. Some Books, he tells you, of Commerce and Navigation were loft, which might have given Light into thefe Matters; particularly thofe of Varro on that Subject. Moreover he fays, the Generality of ancient Hiftorians (like it feems to thofe of later Date) are employed in recording Things of a different Nature; Things which §. 6. are certainly more entertaining to the Reader, and which it is thought more polite to be acquainted with. Hence it comes to pass that this Book entitled, A Hiftory of the Commerce and Navigation of the Ancients, is chiefly a History of Sea Fights and Naval Expeditions; only Mr. Huet judicioufly obferving that all Strength at Sea implies neceffarily a confiderable Commerce, as the Bafis and Foundation thereof; therefore where-ever he meets with the one, he concludes for the Certainty of the other also. §. 7, 16. I obferve from one Place of his Book (c. 59.) he is fo entirely deftitute of other Light into that Part of the Roman Hiftory, which refpects maritime Affairs, for a certain Pe B 4 riod, |