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lemn compact of perpetual alliance and confederation with Peru, Chili, and Rio de la Plata, with the object of carrying on the war against their common enemy, the king of Spain, or against all other foreign domination. As neither Colombia nor its allies have received the slightest offence from France, the proposed alliance will be equivalent to a spontaneous provocation, on our part, which no American or European power can approve of. Such a provocation would do considerable injury to the interests of all the American states, now actually fighting to establish the independence of their ancient head, without excepting Hayti.

It is easy to agree in the abstract principle; that is to say, in the necessity which all the American governments are under, to perfectly understand each other some day, in order to guard against all foreign attacks. But, as to the time of putting it into execution, it is necessary to use much prudence and circumspection.

The old world has its eyes fixed on the new, to observe carefully all its measures, and to examine into them. If the American states have not already arrived to that or der and regularity in their institutions, and respect to the rights of others, which is indispensable to include them in the great family of civilized nations, the slightest de

viation from the forms, usages, and established customs, will retard that important result. These powerful reasons have induced the government of Colombia to believe, that, in order to take into consideration the proposal the government of Hayti has made to that of Colombia, this year, it will be necessary to consult its allies, and, as it is possible that the meeting of the plenipotentiaries of all the states of America, formerly Spanish, will assemble in Panama, in the course of the next year, the government of Colombia will embrace that opportunity to arrange with its said allies, the footing on which, in future, the political and mercantile relations with the other portions of our hemisphere shall be placed, who are, in fact and right, separated from its ancient government. Then, sir, this negotiation will be examined into with that spirit of liberality which characterizes the policy of the government of Colombia and its allies; and I venture to anticipate, that their determination will be highly agreeable to Hayti. I hope, sir, that you will see, in the frank and sincere exposition which I have just made, a clear and convincing proof of the interest with which the government and people of Colombia are animated for the welfare and prosperity of Hayti. PEDRO GAUL.

PERU.

The Congress of PERU was convened on the 10th of February, and the session opened by the following message from BOLIVAR.

TO THE SOVEREIGN CONSTITUTIONAL CONGRESS OF PERU. Gentlemen-The representatives of the Peruvian people meet this day, under the auspices of

the splendid victory of Ayacucho, which has, forever, fixed the destinies of the new world.

One year has elapsed since congress decreed the dictatorial authority, in order to save the republic, which was sinking under the oppression of the severest calamities. But the protecting hand of the liberating army has healed its wounds: it has broken the chains which Pizarro had rivetted on the sons of Manco Capac, founder of the empire of the sun, and has placed all Peru in the possession of its primitive rights.

My administration can only be called a campaign. We have had hardly time to arm ourselves and fight. Our appalling disasters left us no choice but to defend our selves. As the army has triumphed with so much glory, I think it my duty to request congress to reward, in suitable manner, the valor and virtues of the defenders of the country.

Tribunals have been established according to the fundamental law. I have sought hidden merit whereever it was to be found, and placed in offices of trust and power. I have carefully sought those who modestly follow the dictates of their consciences and respect the laws.

The public revenue was annihilated-fraud had shut up all its channels. Disorder and confusion augmented the miseries of the state -I have been obliged to make essential reforms and severe ordinances to preserve the existence of the republic. Social life cannot be nourished if the riches of the country do not freely flow in its veins.

The crisis of the republic forced me to adopt measures, and to make reforms, which centuries may not again require. The political edifice had been destroyed by crimes

and an exterminating war-I found myself on a field of desolation, but yet with the means of establishing a beneficial government. Notwithstanding my ardent zeal for the happiness of Peru, I regret that I cannot assure congress that this great work has yet attained the perfection I hoped. Congress will have to exert all its wisdom to give to the country the organization it requires. May I be permitted to confess, that not being a Peruvian, it has, on that account, been more difficult for me to attain this desired end.

Our relations with the republic of Colombia, have obtained for us great assistance. Our ally and confederate withheld nothing from us-she employed her treasure, her navy, her armies in combating the common enemy, as her own cause.

Congress will be convinced by these demonstrations of Colombia of the infinite value with which she views a close and intimate federation of the new states. Impressed with the great advantages which will result from a meeting of a congress of representatives, I have hastened to invite our confederates, in the name of Peru, to assemble as speedily as possible at the isthmus of Panama. This august body will there seal the perpetual alliance of the different states.

The republic of Chili has placed under the order of our government, a part of her navy, commanded by the brave vice-admiral Blanco, which is blockading Callao, with the Chilian and Colombian forces.

The states of Mexico, Guatemala, and Buenos Ayres have made us an offer of their services, which, owing to our rapid successes, have been without effect. These republics have established themselves

and maintain their internal tranquillity.

The diplomatic agent of the republic of Colombia is the only one, as yet, accredited near our govern

ment.

The consuls of Colombia, of the United States of America, and of Great Britain, have presented themselves in this capital, to exercise their offices-the last has had the misfortune to perish in the most lamentable manner-the other two have obtained their exequators to enter on the discharge of their duties.

As soon as the military suc

cesses of Peru shall be known in Europe, it is probable that those governments will definitely decide on the political conduct they have to adopt. I flatter myself Great Britain will be the first to recognize our independence. If we are to credit the declarations of France, she will not delay in joining England in that liberal policy; and perhaps the rest of Europe will follow the same conduct. Spain, herself, if she listens to her interests, will no longer oppose the existence of the new states, which will complete the friendly relations of the universe.

Legislators! In giving up to congress the supreme power which you deposited in my hands, allow me to congratulate the people in having rid themselves of the greatest curse in the world-war, by the victory at Ayacucho, and of despotism, by my resignation. Proscribe, forever, I beg you, that tremendous authority; that authority which was the grave of Rome! It was laudable, no doubt, in congress, in order to resist the dreadful calamities, and to face the furious storms which desolated the

country, to place her laws on the bayonets of the liberating army; but, as the nation has obtained domestic peace and political liberty, the laws only ought to govern.

Gentlemen, the congress is installed. My duty, as an auxiliary soldier, calls me to assist in ob-. taining the liberties of Upper Peru, and the surrender of Callao, the last bulwark of the Spanish empire in South America. I will then hasten to my country to give an account to the representatives of the Colombian people, of my mission in Peru-of your liberty, and of the glory of the liberating army! BOLIVAR.

Act

of Independence of the Provinces of UPPER Peru. DECLARATION.

The sovereign representation of the provinces of Upper Peru, deeply penetrated with the magnitude and weight of their responsibility to heaven and the world, in deciding the destinies of their constituents, have divested themselves of all partiality and private feelings at the altar of justice, and have ardently implored the aid of the Great Architect of the universe in forming a just decision. Conscious of good faith, justice, moderation, and careful deliberation on their resolution, they declare, in the name and with authority of their representatives, that the happy day has arrived, when Upper Peru has become liberated from unjust power, from the tyrannic and wretched Ferdinand VII., and that this fertile region has escaped the debasing relation of a colony of Spain; that it is important to its welfare, not to incorporate itself with any of the co-terminous republics, but to erect itself into a sovereign and

independent state, in relation to the new, as well as the old world ; that the provinces of Upper Peru, firm and unanimous in their resolution, proclaim to the whole earth, that they will govern themselves, under their own constitution, laws, and authorities, that they may think most conducive to the prosperity of the nation, the inviolable support of the catholic religion, and

the maintenance of the sacred rights of honor, life, liberty, equality, property, and security. To carry into effect this determination, they bind themselves, through this sovereign representation, by their lives, property, and sacred honor. Signed by

JOSE MARIANO SERRENO, pres't. And by 47 other representatives. Hall of Representatives, Aug. 6, 1825.

CAPITULATION OF AYACUCHO.

Don Jose Canterac, lieutenant general of the royal armies of his catholic majesty, being charged with the supreme command of Peru, in the absence of his excellency, the vice king D. Jose la Serna, wounded and taken prisoner in the battle fought this day, after having taken the advices of the generals and chiefs, re-united after the bloody battle of Ayacucho, &c. &c. has thought it convenient to propose and to regulate with the general of division, Antonio Jose de Sucre, commanding in chief the united army of Peru, the conditions contained in the following articles :

First. The territory, garrisoned by the Spanish troops in Peru, as far as the Desaguadoro, shall be delivered to the united liberating army, with the parks of artillery, chests, and all the military maga

zines.

Answer. Granted and will also be included in the delivery all the remainder of the Spanish army, the baggages and horses, the garrisons remaining in any part of the territory, and other forces and articles belonging to the Spanish govern

ment.

ing to the Spanish army will be at liberty to return to his country, and his passage will be defrayed by the state of Peru-meanwhile he shall be treated with due consideration, and will receive, at least, one half of his pay, according to his grade, during his stay in the territory.

Answer. Granted: but the government of Peru will only grant the half pay according to proportionate regulations for the transportation. Those who will return to Spain, will not carry arms against America, during the war of the in-` dependence; and no one will go into any part of America occupied by the Spanish armies.

Third. Any individual belonging to the Spanish army, wishing to enlist in the army of Peru, will enjoy his former grade.

Answer. Granted.

Fourth. No one shall be accountable for his former opinions, nor for his particular services in the king's cause, nor those known as smugglers: in this particular they will be entitled to the rights of all the articles of this treaty.

Answer. Granted: if, by their conduct, they do not disturb the public order, and if they conform

Second. Every individual belong to the laws.

Fifth. Any inhabitant of Peru, either European or American, ecclesiastic or merchant, land-owner or workman, wishing to remove to another country, will be at liberty so to do, by virtue of this convention, and to take with him his family and property-he will be protected by the state until his departure, and if he prefers to remain, he will be considered a Peruvian.

Answer. Granted: with regard to the inhabitants of the country to be delivered, and agreeably to the conditions mentioned in the preceding article.

Sixth. The state of Peru will also respect the property of the Spaniards who may be absent from the territory-they will be at liberty, for the period of three years, to dispose of their property, which will be considered in the same point of view as that of Americans, unwilling to go to the peninsula, although they may have property in that country.

Answer. Granted: as in the preceding article, provided the conduct of these individuals will, in no way, be hostile to the cause of the freedom and independence of America in the event of which, the government of Peru reserves to itself the privilege of acting freely and discretionary.

Seventh. The term of one year will be granted to all the interested parties, in order to avail themselves of the stipulations embraced in the fifth article-their property will be subjected to the ordinary duties, but that of individuals belonging to the army to be free of duties.

Answer. Granted.

Eighth. The state of Peru will acknowledge the debts contracted by the administration of the Spanish

government in the territory thereof, to the present day.

Answer. The congress of Peru will decide with regard to this article, what will be most convenient to the interests of the republic.

Ninth. All the individuals employed in public offices, will be continued therein, if it be their desire ; otherwise, those preferring to leave the country will be comprehended under the articles 2d and 5th.

Answer. Those of the meritorious will be continued in their offices if the government should think proper.

Tenth. Every individual belonging to the army, or in the government's employ, who may wish to be erased from the rolls and to remain in the country, will be at liberty so to do; and in that case their persons will be respected.

Answer. Granted.

Eleventh. The town of Callao will be delivered to the united liberating army, and its garrison will be included in the articles of this treaty.

Answer. Granted: but the town of Callao, with all her colors and military articles, shall be delivered to the liberator, and be subject to his disposal on or before twenty days.

Twelfth. Superior officers of both armies will be sent to the provinces for the purpose of delivering and receiving the archives, magazines, appurtenances, and the troops, deposited in, and stationed at, the different garrisons.

Answer. Granted: the same formalities will be observed at the delivery of Callao. The provinces will be delivered to the independent authorities in fifteen days, and the places the most remote in all the present month.

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