The stud books and signatures of the duly authorized officers of the following American horse and jack pedigree registry associations, societies or companies, certified by the Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C., in Bureau of Animal Industry, Order No. 136, June 20, 1906, and in the amendments thereto: "B" Name of Breed Book of Record By Whom Published Arabian.. Belgian Draft.. Cleveland Bay Clydesdale... French Draft French Coach French Coach... Studbook of the Arabian Arabian Horse Club of America, H American Register of American Cleveland Bay Cleveland Bay Society of America, R. American Clydesdale American Clydesdale Association, R. Nat'l Register of French National French Draft Horse Associ- French Coach Studbook.. French Coach Horse Society of Amer- French Coach Horse Reg-French Coach Horse Registry Com- German Coach, Oldenburg German, Hanoverian and German, Hanoverian, and Oldenburg Hackney.... Jacks and Jennets Percheron Percheron Percheron Shetland Pony... Shire.. Thoroughbred.. Welsh Pony and Cob American Trotter Morgan Saddle Horse Oldenburg Coach Horse Coach Horse Ass'n of America, J. American Hackney Stud-American Hackney Horse Society, Gur- Amer'n Jack Stock Stud-American Breeders' Ass'n of Jacks Percheron Studbook of Percheron Society of America, Wayne Percheron Register. The American Breeders Dinsmore, Secretary, Union Stock The Percheron Registry Company, The American Breeders' and Import- American Shetland Pony American Shetland Pony Club, Miss Amer'n Shire Horse Stud-American Shire Horse Ass'n, Chas. The Jockey Club, W. H. Rowe, Regis- Welsh Pony and Cob Stud- The Welsh Pony and Cob Society of ter American Trotting Regis-American Trotting Register Associa- ter American Saddle Horse American Saddle Horse Breeders' “G” The said Stallion Registration Board shall accept as pure bred and entitled to a license certificate as such, each stallion or jack for which a pedigree registry certificate is furnished bearing the signature of the duly authorized officers of one of the above named associations, societies or companies. SEC. 3. The certificates for stallions shall be of three forms, one for pure breds, one for crossbreds, and one for grades. Each certificate shall state the name of the stallion or jack and if a pure bred the registered number and the name of the stud book in which such stallion or jack is registered. Each certificate shall bear the name of the breeder, the name of the present owner, a description of the color, the brand given by the inspector, the year foaled and the inspector's statement as to whether said stallion or jack is sound or unsound. If unsound the certificate shall contain the names of the diseases, the location of which shall be indicated by means of a small diagram of a stallion properly marked by the inspector. Each certificate shall bear the signatures of the inspector and of the Stallion Registration Board, and Ishall have attached thereto the official seal of said Board. SEC. 4. No stallion or jack which may come into the state of Nebraska. or which may be foaled within the state, after this act shall take effect, shall be given a certificate if such stallion or jack or such foal is affected with one or more of the following diseases, namely. urethal gleet, melanosis, periodic opthalmia (moon blindness), laryngeal hemiplegia (roaring or whistling), cataract, amaurosis (glass eye), chorea (St. Vitus dance, crampiness, shivering, string halt), bone spavin, bog spavin, ringbone, sidebone, curb, with curby formation of hock, or is seriously defective in conformation SEC. 5. Every stallion or jack which has been granted a certificate by the Stallion Registration Board shall be re-examined by an authorized veterinarian each year thereafter and said Board shall have the power to revoke certificates for cause. SEC. 6. Every owner or keeper of a stallion or jack kept for service shall keep posted the certificate issued by the Stallion Registration Board or a copy of the same, during the entire breeding season, in a conspicuous place both within and upon the outside of the main door of every shed or building in which such stallion or jack is kept for service. SEC. 7. No owner or keeper of a stallion not of pure breeding shall permit the printing, publishing or circulating of any bill, poster, card, newspaper advertisement or other advertisement calling the attention to said stallion as a breeder, unless the same shall have the words "grade stallion" in bold black faced type of the same size as used in the name of such stallion immediately preceding such name. SEC. 8. It shall be the duty of the Stallion Registration Board to keep a record of all certificates and the issuance, refusal or revocation of the same. SEC. 9. If the owner of a stallion or jack shall sell, exchange or transfer the same, said Stallion Registration Board shall, upon receiving the certificate in force at the time of sale and satisfactory proof of such change in ownership, issue to the new owner a certificate of transfer of ownership. SEC. 10. A fee of five ($5.00) dollars shall be paid for each certificate. for each renewal three ($3.00) dollars, and one ($1.00) dollar for a transfer of ownership. If the owner or lessee of any stallion or jack after due notification by the Stallion Registration Board fails to deliver said stallion or jack for inspection on the day and at the place desig nated by the Stallion Registration Board, the fees for such inspection may, in the discretion of the Board, be doubled. SEC. 11. The funds accruing from registrations shall be used, by the Stallion Registration Board, for the printing of certificates, clerical service, payment of inspectors, and the publication of an annual report which shall contain an alphabetical list of stallions and jacks which have been granted certificates and such other information as will tend to promote the best interests of the horse breeding industry of Nebraska. SEC. 12. Any person, firm or corporation who shall violate any of the provisions of this act shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and be punished by a fine of not less than fifty ($50.00) dollars nor more than one hun dred ($100.00) dollars or be imprisoned in the county jail not exceeding thirty (30) days, or both such fine and imprisonment in the discretion of the court. SEC. 13. That Sections 3302, 3303, 3304, 3305 and 3306 of Cobbey's An notated Statutes for 1909, as the same now exist, are hereby repealed. It is to be hoped that the stallion owners of Nebraska and the owners of mares will co-operate in the enforcement of this law to make possible the progress in horse breeding that is desired. Whenever it is found that a stallion owner is not complying with the law, the case should be reported to the county attorney at once so that the fine may be imposed. We have in this state a soil, climate and foodstuffs which are especially favorable for the breeding of horses. There is no forage plant which is capable of producing better bone than alfalfa when prop erly used. It is especially desirable for brood mares and growing colts. It has been demonstrated that this state is particularly well adapted to the culture of alfalfa. We also have here cheaper corn than can be found in any other state of the union, a grain which can be used to excellent advantage in connection with alfalfa. There is no reason why the horse industry should not prove as profitable in Nebraska as it has proven to be in some of the older countries of Europe. We have natural. advantages which they do not possess and it is to be hoped that all farmers will give to this industry the careful consideration it merits. BARREN MARES. Lecture Delivered by G. L. Carlson at the Nebraska Live Stock Improvers' Annual Meeting, University Farm, Lincoln, January 17, 1911. The greatest leak in American agriculture is that of barren mares. That the horse breeding industry can stand such a waste of energy, money and time is quite positive proof that the industry can be made one of the most lucrative of any carried on in connection with the work of the farm. The loss in Nebraska resulting from mares that do not reproduce themselves exceeds $25,000,000 every year. In all of the United States the loss from this source will exceed $350,000,000, and in all of the horse breeding district of the world it reaches the enormous sum of $1,500,000,000 annually. Belgium suffers less from barren mares than any other country in the world, about 85 per cent of all mares bred producing foals. France suffers more from this loss than any other country interested in the production of pure bred horses, rather less than 40 per cent of the registered mares in the district of le Perche producing foals. In all of the United States slightly less than 40 foals are produced from every 100 mares bred. A small fraction less than 23 foals are produced by every stallion owned in this country and it requires nearly four services of a stallion for every live foal added to the horse population of this country. These are facts startling in their proportions, and they are small credit to the breeding intelligence of our country. Barrenness is either congenital or temporary in its nature. It is congenital when it is caused by some rudimentary or undeveloped genital organ of the mare. In such cases mares are wholly and permanently barren and nothing can be done to make them fecund. Barrenness is temporary when it is caused by some local condition over which we have more or less control. Only seven or eight per cent of all mares barren are barren because of congenital causes, and these must necessarily remain barren. The larger part of those mares which are barren because of some local condition over which we have more or less control can be restored to fecundity. One of the causes of barrenness in mares is sterility in stallions. Fortunately, this is but a minor cause, only about seven per cent of barrenness in mares being traceable to this cause. Even such a small number makes it worth while to investigate the causes of sterility in stallions. Occasionally a stallion proves virile for two or three years and then becomes sterile all at once. In such cases we know only too well that the trouble is in the handling, and not because of a want of virility in the stallion. Of 568 stallions that had proved themselves virile for two or more seasons then suddenly going wrong, as a result of very careful investigation it was found that about one-half of them became sterile because of excessive use in the stud. It is quite the rule in this country to make two, three or even several services with a stallion every day during the season, if that amount of business can be secured. It never occurs to these people that it is the number of live foals rather than the number of services that make the profit. Neither do these peo ple stop to consider that they are always running the risk of doing the stallion a permanent injury by such excessive service. Many stallioners would be surprised if they were told that one service a day would result in more live foals, than if two or more services were made with the same stallion, but it is true just the same. Warm bred stallions are capable of making more frequent service than those of draft blood, but investigations covering a period of three years disclosed the fact that it required from ten and one-half to thirteen hours for pure-bred draft stallions to secrete semen containing fully developed spermatozoa, provided the stallion was making regular daily service. Spermatozoa are stored in the seminal vesicles for long periods of time, so that a stallion who has made no service for several days, or even for one day, may be capable of making several services the next day, and spermatozoa found in the fluid discharged at every service. No intelligent reason can be given for using a stallion when he is in a condition making the impregnation of a mare impossible, yet this is done thousands of times every day during the breeding season in all parts of the country. This practice not only results in a few foals and many disappointments, but it is a positive injury to the stallion and his future usefulness. It is such excessive use of our stallions that gives a discouraging outlook in foal production. One-half of all the stallions in this country which have become sterile can trace their sterility back to excessive service. The use of breeding bags is responsible for much sterility among both stallions and jacks. Copulation is made possible by the interchange of sexual magnetism (electricity), the male being positive, the female negative. Any barrier or obstruction which cuts off this supply of magnetism must result in permanent injury to the stallion. These breeding bags are made of rubber, they could be made of nothing else, and rubber is a non-conductor of electricity. Such devices have much the same tendency to permanent injury as masturbation, which in turn is the cause of some sterility among stallions. Fevers, colds, influenza and other maladies produce some sterility among stallions. This is especially true of influenza. When this disease is present in a district, there is always much difficulty in impregnating mares, because of its effect upon both mares and stallions. If stallions are troubled with influenza they are quite likely to be troubled to some extent with orchitis, and permanent sterility is likely to follow cases of long standing. Cystic degeneration of the testicles or spermatic cord is also a cause of sterility in stallions. This is a condition induced by (1) bruises, |