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portion of his kingdom has been handed over to a confederation of friendly Chiefs, from which he is cut off by our chain of forts.

A large number of slaves have been liberated, and over 500 Waganda women, captured by Kabarega, have been returned to their homes.

The trade in slaves, arms, and ammunition, of which Unyoro was the only remaining centre in our sphere of occupation, has received such a mortal blow, that the establishment of posts at Savai, on Mount Elgon, and at Sango, in Buddu, which I hope shortly to effect, will absolutely extinguish the moribund traffic in this region.

These results have been achieved at the cost of a loss on our side of 8 killed, 24 wounded, and 302 died of disease brought on by the hardships of the campaign and other causes. I trust that the price paid may not be thought too high for the ends attained.

The pecuniary cost of the campaign, as will be seen from the attached Statement, has been 4947.

Trusting that Her Majesty's Government will agree with me as to the complete success of the expedition, I have the honour to bring to your notice the loyal and efficient manner in which all ranks and nationalities of those composing it have assisted me.

Europeans, Soudanese, Waganda, Lendus, Swahilis, Masai, and friendly Wanyoro, have all, in their particular lines, done their best,

and done it well.

Owing to their small number the Europeans have had an amount of work thrown upon them far in excess of that which usually falls to the lot of officers on a campaign, and for the same reason have been almost continuously under my immediate notice. It gives me, therefore, the greatest pleasure to be able to report that all have performed their duties with a degree of enthusiasm, intelligence, and self-denial which leaves nothing to be desired. Where all have done so well, it is with some reluctance that I make any distinction between them, but in fairness to all, it is desirable that the manner in which each more especially excelled should be brought to notice.

To Brevet-Major E. R. Owen, Lancashire Fusiliers, commanding the Soudanese troops, fell the lion's share of the fighting. commanded the preliminary expedition against Kikukuri, and, as already reported, proved himself on that occasion to be a thoroughly efficient leader; he also commanded the expedition to Magungu, and handled his small force in such a manner as to make it a complete military success; and, finally, he had command during the adventurous boat voyage to Wadelai, which I consider to have been successful solely on account of the combined tact, determination, and self-restraint which he displayed. Having a full knowledge of

the details of this voyage, I wish to take this opportunity of recording my opinion that Major Owen's performance on this occasion was an exceptionally fine one. Nor was it only during the more active operations of the campaign that he proved his efficiency, his untiring energy making him an officer of exceptional value during all stages of the operations.

On Captain [? Major] Macdonald, Royal Engineers, as Staff officer to the expedition, fell the brunt of the equally necessary, though less exciting, duties of a campaign. During the preparations for the expedition at Kampala, press of political work prevented me from giving much attention to the organization of the force, the burden of which therefore devolved almost entirely on Major Macdonald, who carried it out with a degree of forethought and thoroughness which prevented any single hitch occurring owing to omissious or mistakes in this respect. During the campaign, as must always be the case where the whole duties of the Staff devolve on one officer, Major Macdonald was undoubtedly the most hardworked officer of the force, and nothing could have exceeded the cheerfulness and thoroughness with which he performed his multifarious duties. Nor was it alone in his actual work that he was of the greatest service to me, his sound military judgment being always of the highest value. I may mention that upon the only occasion on which Major Macdonald had an opportunity of proving his value as a fighting officer, namely, the skirmish on Kibona Hill, he showed himself to possess a high degree of dash and power of leading men, and, as I afterwards learnt from prisoners, by his repulse of a picked force of the enemy, produced a moral effect which largely contributed to Kabarega's retreat. I would beg to point out that, although Major Macdonald's military services rendered during the Unyoro campaign are wholly distinct from the civil and political work which he had previously performed in Uganda and elsewhere in East Africa, in one point they coincide, as it was solely owing to his forethought, while acting as Her Majesty's Commissioner in Uganda, that I was enabled so rapidly to return the blow Kabarega had struck at our prestige; as he, foreseeing the probability of complications with Unyoro, had previous to my arrival, increased the normal garrison of Uganda to an extent which made possible the immediate organization of an expedition.

Captain A. B. Thruston, Oxfordshire Light Infantry, has proved himself in every way to be a most efficient officer, smart, energetic, a thorough Arabic scholar, a good leader of men, he has rendered equally good service in drilling troops, in action, and in collecting intelligence. Major Owen draws special attention to the praiseworthy manner in which he brought his men into disciplined formation during the affair at Katulla.

Lieutenant C. Villiers, Royal Horse Guards, had charge of the troops at head-quarters until my arrival in Uganda, and I consider that their efficiency during the late operations must chiefly be attributed to the pains he bestowed on their training. Great credit is due to him for having taken the trouble to learn Arabic for the purpose of being able better to instruct them. During the preliminary operations against Kikukuri and during the campaign, Lieutenant Villiers had charge of the Maxim gun. Major Owen reports very highly of his conduct on the former occasion, when, although suffering from fever, he took part in a very trying night march, frequently waist-deep in swamps, and a fight lasting well into the day, and never for a moment relaxed his energy, and rendered great service by his skilful handling of the gun.

To Lieutenant L. Arthur, Rifle Brigade, fell a great share of the least interesting, least noticeable, but none the less useful duties of an officer on active service. Although acting as Junior Major to the Soudanese battalion, he was unfortunate enough to have been detached on the few occasious when they were actively engaged. To him, however, with Lieutenant Villiers, must be given a great share of credit for the efficiency of the troops, which was mainly due to their previous training of them in Uganda, those at Kampala before the campaign having been under charge of Lieutenant Arthur. I wish to record my full appreciation of the cheerful and conscientious manner in which Lieutenant Arthur performed every duty assigned to him.

Dr. Moffat served as surgeon to the force, and I cannot speak too highly of the skilful and self-sacrificing manner in which he, single-handed, performed his arduous duties. Himself too ill to walk at the commencement of the campaign, he never for a moment relaxed his attention to the daily increasing roll of sick. He was always up the first in the morning to attend the sick; while marching with the rear-guard he was, with the exception of Mr. Purkiss, always last into camp; yet he was ever as ready to travel any distance to attend a patient as when required to perform the duties of a regimental officer, in addition to those of his profession.

Mr. Purkiss, in charge of the steel boat, was one of the hardest worked officers of the expedition. From the time when, in the early stage of convalescence from hæmaturic fever, he took the boat to pieces on the Victoria Nyanza, to the date of his second return to Kibiro, on the Albert Nyanza, his work was unceasing. On the upward march he had, day after day, to force the large steel sections through jungle paths barely a fifth of their width, cutting his way step by step, and always arriving in camp hours after the others. On arrival at Kibiro he had, in a particularly trying

climate, himself to work from sunrise to sunset in putting together the badly-strained sections; while, after only thirty-six hours' rest from the hardships and fatigues of his first trying journey to the White Nile, he cheerfully started again on the trip to Wadelai, in connection with which Major Owen speaks in his Report in the highest terms of his fertility of expedient, readiness of resource, and admirable management of the boat, and of the great assistance which he rendered in every way to the expedition. Indeed, but for Mr. Purkiss' technical knowledge and the experience he gained on his first trip, it is more than probable that Major Owen would have been unable to perform his task.

Mr. G. L. Pilkington, of the Church Missionary Society, accompanied the Waganda army in a religious capacity, and was of great assistance to me as a channel of communication with the Waganda Chiefs, a task for which his accurate knowledge of their language particularly fitted him.

M. Lionel Decle, a French traveller, generously placed his services at the disposal of Major Owen during the operations against Kikukuri, and assisted Lieutenant Villiers in working the Maxim gun. Major Owen reports that he was of the greatest assistance to him.

The native officers of the Soudanese troops also performed their duties in a thoroughly satisfactory manner. All did whatever they were called upon to do willingly and well; all, however, had not the same chance of distinguishing themselves; but Major Owen draws special attention to the services rendered by Captain Rehan Rashid Effendi, Captain Faraj Abdul Kheir Effendi, Lieutenant Ibrahim al Abd Effendi, and Lieutenant Johar Mohammed Effendi in the expedition against Kikukuri, and to the excellent example set, under very trying circumstances, by Captain Rehan Effendi and Lieutenant Johar Mohammed Effendi during the boat expedition to Wadelai.

I have already separately reported on the gallant conduct of Private Farajullah Moru during the treacherous attack on Mr. Purkiss at Tyar's.

My warmest thanks are also due to the Waganda army and its Chiefs, without whose assistance my task would have been extremely difficult. The rank and file of this army is composed of agricultural volunteers, unaccustomed to prolonged expeditions, and soon anxious to return to their neglected farms and families, while the Chiefs are territorial magnates, whose many home duties and interests must necessarily remain in abeyance during the progress of an expedition. Yet in spite of this, and the fact that small-pox was making fearful ravages among their retainers, they loyally kept their promise to me to remain in inactivity in Unyoro

until I had completed my chain of forts, and by their self-sacrifice allowed me to accomplish with ease an operation which would otherwise have been both difficult and dangerous.

To Kakunguru, the Mugubbe, or General of the Waganda, my thanks are specially due alike for his ready acquiescence to all my orders, his well-directed influence with his Chiefs and men, his skilful, simultaneous concentration at Kaduma's of his 15,000 troops, and for his brilliant surprise and defeat of Kabarega's army in the Budongo Forest.

The Kangao of Bulamwezi commanded the Waganda force of 400 men attached to head-quarters. He was responsible for the collection of food for the regular troops, and acted as Intelligence Officer to the force, while on the line of march, when separated from the main body of the Waganda, his force performed the important duty of protecting our front and flanks. In each and all of these respects he rendered most valuable service, in which he was ably assisted by the Kaima of Mawokota. The Chiefs Mukakanya, the Mugema, Mwemba, the Kitunzi, and Gabunga also deserve special mention for the dash, energy, and intelligence which they displayed.

It is, I think, worthy of note, as reflecting great credit on the Waganda Chiefs, that, in spite of the large number of uncivilized troops under my command, no single outrage on the inhabitants of Unyoro, or other act which would have disgraced European troops, occurred during the progress of the expedition.

I am sending this in charge of Major Macdonald, who is fully in a position to elucidate any points which I have failed to make clear. I have, &c.,

W. B. Cracknall, Esq.

H. E. COLVILE.

(Inclosure 4.)—Approximate Cost of Unyoro Expedition.

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