In his testimony before the Committee (p. 1538) Mr. Nuorteva said: "I gave out typewritten statements throughout the existence of the Bureau, and about February of this year (1919) I think I began to issue a printed bulletin." In answer to the question, what were the sources of his information, Mr. Nuorteva said: "Newspaper reports of Russian newspapers; reports of the activities of the Russian Soviet government, which reached me from time to time; verbal reports of people who had come from Russia; my deductions based on my knowledge of the situation in Russia in January, and news I received from time to time."

His typewritten bulletin, he said, was sent to a selected list of three or four hundred persons, while his printed bulletin was distributed widely throughout the United States. The propaganda thus disseminated has unquestionably had a marked effect, and in large measure made it possible for the Soviet regime to open the Russian Soviet Bureau in New York City in April, 1919. In the meantime all the agencies of radical revolutionary organizations had been engaged in spreading revolutionary doctrines, praising the Soviet regime, and utilizing the policy of the Allied governments and the United States toward Russia as a means for stirring up hatred of government institutions in general.

One of the fruits of this propaganda was to bring together various radical and revolutionary organizations, which had previously been antagonistic to one another, in the common purpose of aiding the Russian revolutionaries and in spreading the spirit of revolt in the United States.

This may best be illustrated by a series of cables which, being intercepted, have come into the hands of the Committee. They show anarchist, Socialists and intellectuals vieing with one another in the expression of solidarity with the Russian regime.

The attitude of the Russian Socialist Federation of this country toward the Russian Bolsheviki is evidenced by a cable which was sent from New York on March 2, 1918, addressed to the Council of People's Commissaires, Smolny Institute, Petrograd, signed by Novy Mir, A. Menshoy, as follows:

"You have our unqualified faith and support. The whole colony is with you. Are ready to organize Red Guard for Russia. Americans will help.”

In a cable addressed on the 28th of February, 1918, to Boris Reinstein Commissaire of International Propaganda, Russian

Foreign Office, Petrograd, and signed by Louise Bryant, we find the following:

"All American revolutionists roused by German advance. Offer their services and their lives to saving of Russian revolution and world freedom. Are organizing revolutionary army mass meetings; tremendous sentiment. Beg Russians to hold out for original peace formula."

A cable addressed to the Council of People's Commissaires, Smolny Institute, on the 2d of March, 1918, signed by Louis Fraina, for Bolshevist Information Bureau, states:

"Bolshevik Information Bureau organized here two months ago to interpret actions of Commissaires and arouse solidarity of American workers with Russian proletariat. Widespread sympathy of American workers with you. Have taken steps to organize Red Guards."

Another interesting cablegram showing the activities of certain groups is one addressed to Lenin and Trotzky, Council of People's Commissaires, Smolny Institute, Petrograd, signed by Rose Baron, for International Social Revolutionary Group, of 319 Second Avenue, New York City, dated the 2d of March, 1918:

"You have our whole-hearted faith and support. Ready to organize and send you international revolutionary army from America."

On the 28th of February, 1918, Louise Bryant addressed to Maria Spiridonova, Chairman, Executive Committee, All-Russian Peasants' Soviets, Smolny Institute, Petrograd, the following cable:

"All-American revolutionists offer their sympathy and their lives to Russian revolutionists in this hour of peril. In your fight against the invaders we are with you to the end. Will come back and fight, and many thousand American Socialists will do same."

An interesting cable was addressed on the second of March to the People's Commissaires at Smolny Institute, Petrograd, signed by Fraina, Rutgers and Mrs. Ravitch, 1562 Madison Avenue, as follows:

"Socialist Propaganda League has unqualified faith in

you.

Have started recruiting Red Guard for service in

Russia. Great enthusiasm among American workers. Your cause is ours. Cable instructions. Can League help any other way."

At a convention of the United Russian parties held at 175 East Broadway, New York City, on February 1-4, 1918, an Executive Committee was formed, of which Gregory Weinstein was the chairman. On the 2d of March, 1918, Weinstein, acting for the Executive Committee, addressed a cable to Lenin and Trotzky, Council of People's Commissaires, Petrograd, as follows:

"First United Russian convention in America held in New York February 1st to 4th send Greetings to Revolutionary Russia as represented by the People's Commissaires. Wa are heart and soul with you. Are ready to organize Revolutionary Legions for Russia. Reply."

The interest of the Socialist Party of America, particularly the New York Local, is shown by a cable addressed to the Social Democratic Party, Copenhagen, by Algernon Lee, Educational Director of the Rand School of Social Science, and member of the Executive Committee of the State organization, on the 2d day of March, 1918, as follows:

"Socialists of Greater New York ask you to help convey message to working classes of Germany and Austria-Hungary as follows: 'We beg you vigorously to oppose your rulers' efforts to crush Russian revolution. On you at this moment rests responsibility for success or failure of world-wide efforts for people's peace. German invasion of Russia is blow against labor and democracy in all lands.'"*

Bearing in mind that the Russian Soviet regime is founded on the principle enunciated by Marx, "Workers of the World, Unite! you have nothing to lose but your chains and a world to gain," the establishment of the International Revolutionary Propaganda Bureau in Petrograd may be understood. As a part of the work of that Bureau a letter written to the American workingmen from the Russian Socialist Federated Soviet Republic by Nicolai Lenin, dated August 20, 1918, was sent to America for distribution. This letter will be found in full at the close of this chapter. Many thousand copies of the letter have been distributed throughout the United States in various languages

The attitude of American Anarchists toward Soviet Russia is disclosed by cables printed on pp. 346-7 of this report.