was also deported. He is reputed to have been the publisher of the clandestine sheet known as "Il Dritto," which also advocated the overthrow of our government by force and violence. The publication of this paper was discovered by an agent of this Committee, it having previously escaped the notice of the authorities. It was first published in September, 1918, with Schiviano and one Vito Mariani as its editors. In the issue of March 8, 1919, of "Il Dritto," although published in the Italian language, is found the following appeal in English:

The war is over.

"To the working people of America: Your exploiters have quickly placed their profits in safety. You, the working slaves, will soon find yourselves on the streets, facing a hard winter, looking for work. For it is your only means to supply yourselves with the necessities of life. Because you lack the courage to use their methods! "You have tolerated all the moral and physical slaveries during this war.

"When you dare open your mouths in protest, you are quickly railroaded to jail. What were your profits out of this war? You lost all the little liberty you had, and you gave your sons, brothers and fathers away to be shot down like dogs, and left to rot in the field of France!

"For what?

"For the glory of the American Flag!

"So that your masters may have bigger markets to sell their merchandises and exploit other people like you.

"The workers of Russia, Germany, Austria and other countries have risen and have overthrown their rulers.

"Not by ballots, but by arming themselves as it is your only means. You alone no not budge. Are you afraid to follow their example? Are you afraid to take by force what rightly belongs to you?

"Will you be meek and slavish? Will you wallow under the iron heel of your masters?

"Or will you tear your way by the revolution to a better and happier life? Which will you choose?

"(Signed) A GROUP OF WORKINGMEN."

"We have risen at the will of the sword with a smile on the face. It is time to consign to hell every kind of tyrant. and every form of exploitation of man over man.

"To hell with every race of warriors of brutalized patriots in the art of butchering and of causing butchery beyond the

sea.

"To the devil with all who have made war and who are working now to conclude peace.

"The peace of atrocious sorrow and of horrible misery. "GLORIES IN REVOLUTION

"Down with peace and long live revolution.

"To hell with all the countries who offer to the workingmen whom they condemn to hunger and deportation.

'Long live the restless Satan of Bolshevism, fomentor of revolts and of destruction everywhere beyond the sea.

"To hell with everybody, from Woodrow Wilson to the last citizen of this inquisitional and deporting republic. They will send us beyond the Atlantic with contempt and scorn as undesirables. We want to be near to the conflagaration.

We the internationalists of every country, know no peace. We wish war to the death without truce or quarter. "6 Long live the blood revolution.

"With sword and fire against every enemy of the world.” Although the English of this quotation is not perfect, the spirit which animated its author is quite apparent.

After the deportation of Galliani and Schiviano, their friends and believers took up their work and continued it with extreme caution.

Mariani, who had been associated with them, came to New York and changed his name to Mario Viogeria, and became active in anarchistic circles in New York City. Other associates of Galliani are known to this Committee, but pending the continuation of the investigations it is deemed unwise to go into their activities here.

The deportation warrant for Galliani was issued in May, 1919, and on June 2, 1919, certain bombs were sent to various officials in the United States, each of whom, in one way or another, had been instrumental in bringing to justice certain members of the Galliani group.

On February 27, 1920, Vito Mariani, was arrested at the instance of an agent of this Committee and charged with criminal anarchy for the publication of a newspaper, entitled "Il Refrattario," an anarchist sheet published in Italian, and advo

cating the overthrow of this Government by force and violence. Before his arraignment in the Magistrates' Court, Mariani stated he was the sole owner, publisher and editor of "Il Refrattario," and that the business address of the paper was 311 East 106th street, New York City; that only one issue had been published; that in the month of November, 1919, he admitted 2,000 copies were printed, and that he had mailed 1,500 copies to various people in Boston, Lynn, Chicago and other cities; that he had received from Schiviano the list of subscribers of the "Cronaca Sovversiva," and that he had sent "Il Refrettario " to the same people. He also stated that he was the sole publisher with Schiviano of "Il Dritto."

To give a general idea of the nature of the propaganda carried on by "Il Refrettario," we give the following quotation:

"It is on this account, that anarchy which follows only its own laws, will break the power of the priests and smash the crowns of the powerful; it is on this account that the anarchist, an enemy of all phantoms, must open a way for himself, by using bombs and revolvers (Brownings), as Bonnot did from the red automobile.

"It is the belief amongst many of us, and I have had the same opinion in the past, that the anarchistic regime will be installed immediately after the revolution.

“Therefore, it is imperative for us, to conduct an incessant propaganda, in order to destroy all the prejudices which may prolong the coming of a revolution, and to win over the forces, and to make them realize that only through force will the bourgeoisie society be destroyed.

"Economic organization cannot solve any of the present day problems. It cannot but provoke a useless dispersion of the forces and always render the masses less revolutionary. The temporary benefits which can be obtained from strikes, are but illusory, because the high cost of living will always in proportion automatically keep above the salary received. "Therefore these benefits are useless. The disease lies in the trunk which must be destroyed. Take away these false notions from the people and teach them the necessity of violence.

"Perhaps the writer may be mistaken but he is convinced that an anarchist, who sincerely believes in revolution and is willing to start one, he could do so in America, as well as in Italy or in China.